182 New Forms of Quantum Mechanics

Style: Historical Author: Zhao ShixiongWords: 4651Update Time: 24/02/20 15:38:28
Everyone has their own quirks.

But for those peerless geniuses, because they are famous, their eccentricities are infinitely magnified by people.

Dirac also had some eccentricities, the most famous of which was his fondness for walking alone, which he would do for hours at a time, back and forth between the city and countryside of Cambridgeshire.

Recently he has developed a new skill for himself, which is tree climbing.

Dirac was always polite, wearing the most traditional British suit and leather shoes, and then quickly climbed to a certain tree on a hilltop outside Cambridge, hiding himself among the dense leaves, and thinking quietly about academic issues.

According to the original course of history, Dirac would have to wait several years before he truly awakened to his hobby of racing.

At that time, he became famous and became an academician of St. Peter's College, Cambridge University, and a fellow of the Royal Society.

His annual income at that time was much more than what he received now as a poor student in Cambridge with a shabby scholarship.

At that time, the price of cars was cheaper than now, so by accident, Dirac bought his first car and gradually realized the joy of driving.

But today, Kapitsa, who wanted to sell second-hand cars to Chen Muwu on the pretext of a ride, took two people on a high-speed ride in Cambridgeshire, which completely changed the course of Dirac's life and made him realize speed in advance. with passion.

Kapitsa's original intention was to sell the car for money, and it didn't matter who he sold the car to.

Whether it is bought by Chen Muwu or Dirac, as long as someone pays for it, it will be fine.

But Kapitsa couldn't accept it if he asked him to set the price lower.

"Paul, eight hundred pounds for this car is cheap enough. If it's cheaper, wouldn't I be at a huge loss?"

"But, I can't afford that much money now. I have to wait until I graduate this summer and join St. Peter's College as a researcher, and I can barely make up the salary."

"this……"

The water from far away could not quench the thirst nearby, so Kapitsa was still in a hurry for money.

If Dirac waits until he joins the team this fall, it means that he will have to eat countless other people's exhaust in the past few months while racing at Cambridge University.

The competitive Kapitsa absolutely cannot bear this kind of grievance.

He suddenly focused his attention on Chen Muwu, who was sitting in the co-pilot, pointed at him and said to Dirac:

"...He is very rich, and he doesn't usually spend it. Chen, how about you lend Paul some money?"

Kapitsa had identified Chen Muwu, a big fat sheep, and insisted on taking a big bite of fat from his body.

After hearing what Kapitsa said, Dirac also turned his attention to Chen Muwu.

"Chen, can you lend me some money? I will definitely pay it back to you by this fall!"

"It's okay to borrow money," Chen Muwu agreed without thinking, "but I don't recommend that you buy this car. You have to prepare for the defense of your doctorate and are busy writing lecture notes on quantum mechanics. Where can I find the time to learn how to drive a car these days?”

Chen Muwu kindly reminded Dirac not to spend on impulse.

Kapitsa, who was sitting next to him, had sparks in his eyes.

“Oh, I thought we were all good friends, and it was only a few hundred pounds, and it’s not like Paul wouldn’t pay it back.

"It's a pity that I always thought of you as Antonio, but I didn't expect that you are the care-taking Shylock and the miser Pulushkin!"

Antonio is a positive character in Shakespeare's comedy "The Merchant of Venice". In order to marry his good friend Bassanio, he borrows a large sum of money from the Jewish miser Shylock, the villain in the play.

Porushkin is a compatriot of Kapitsa and a character written by the Russian writer Gogol. Like Shylock, he is also a famous miser and miser.

Chen Muwu felt that he had been scolded for no reason.

He just advised Dirac not to spend impulsively, but he didn't say he wouldn't borrow it.

Eight hundred pounds, that's it.

But why did Kapitsa scold himself so harshly?

"I didn't say I wouldn't borrow it. I'm borrowing it. Isn't it okay if I borrow it?"

He was afraid that if he spoke any later, Kapitsa would dare to label him Grandet and Abagon again.

"That's pretty much it."

Kapitsa rarely muttered something in Russian that no one could understand, and then quickly switched back to English mode.

"Paul, I told you that Chen will definitely lend you money. When do you have time, can we go through the transfer procedures?"

But Dirac was very persuasive. After listening to Chen Muwu's words, he also felt that he seemed to have such an unrealistic idea just now because of the surge of energy and blood caused by the crazy speed.

His time is very busy now. Regarding cars, he really didn’t have time to learn about cars even after he bought them, and even after he learned about them, he didn’t have time to drive them.

It would be better to wait until autumn. Maybe then there will be no more thoughts of buying a car, which will save 800 pounds.

If you still want to buy it in autumn, it’s not too late to do so.

"Peter, let me think about buying a car again."

Well, Kapitsa worked hard for a long time, but in the end it was all in vain.

In anger, he even wanted to throw Chen Muwu out of the car and let him walk back to the Cavendish Laboratory by himself.

But thinking that he might be able to borrow money from him in the future by leaving a bit of a chance to meet each other easily in the future, Kapitsa gave up the idea.

Since neither Chen Muwu nor Dirac wanted this car, they could only continue to look for the next target customer.

Although the teacher Rutherford is in his fifties, he still has the mentality of a young man and is very willing to accept new things.

Why don't you find a chance and ask the old crocodile to go for a ride together one day?

Kapitsa quickly mentally settled on a new victim.

He drove the two of them back to the Cavendish Laboratory along the same route.

Although the speed on the return trip was much lower than when we came. But Chen Muwu still held on to the door handle the whole time, remained vigilant, and was ready to jump out of the car.

After returning to the laboratory, Dirac began to write the paper that Chen Muwu contacted him to write.

The process of specifically proving the equivalence of matrix mechanics and wave mechanics has long been written down in Dirac's notebook.

It is said to be writing a paper, but in fact it is just a matter of adding some textual explanations to these formulas and then transcribing them onto paper.

Everyone at Cambridge University can write essays.

But in the entire Cavendish Laboratory, only Chen Muwu would bang the typewriter while writing a science paper.

But Chen Muwu was not thinking about what to write in his next paper.

He always felt that Kapitsa was not in the right state.

Why is he so anxious to sell the car? Could it be that there is not enough money because of falling in love with Anna?

Wouldn't it be better to just ask and borrow it from yourself? Since he can lend it to Dirac, he can certainly lend it to you too.

When you get a chance, you must ask him what's going on.

Because he was doing copying work, his brain basically didn't need to think, so Dirac was leaning over Chen Muwu's desk and writing furiously while chatting with him who was standing by the window looking out at the scenery.

"Chen, you said that there are various forms in classical mechanics.

"For example, the most classic Newtonian mechanics, Lagrangian mechanics, Hamiltonian mechanics, the principle of least action, etc. learned in analytical mechanics courses, as well as Poisson brackets and Hamilton-Jacobian equations.

"If you just say it casually, you can list so many forms of classical mechanics, and they are all equivalent to each other.

"Then why do your quantum mechanics only have two forms: matrix mechanics and wave mechanics?

"You said, if we start from classical mechanics, we can deduce other forms of quantum mechanics besides the above two forms?"

Yes, of course.

There is the Hamilton-Jacobi equation in classical mechanics, and it also exists in quantum mechanics.

But it's not necessary.

Some people say that there are at least nine forms of quantum mechanics, and only one is most used in later generations, and that is wave mechanics.

Starting from the senior year of undergraduate studies, and even to quantum mechanics in graduate courses, most of them are based on wave mechanics.

Even matrix mechanics is not very common, let alone those other forms?

And how to push them out should be a matter for you mathematicians.

But Dirac's words provided Chen Muwu with a good idea for his paper.

Wave mechanics is definitely the leader among future forms of quantum mechanics.

But if you ask who is the second best, it is not certain whether matrix mechanics can secure this position.

Quantum mechanics will develop a branch in the future called quantum field theory.

The most common form of quantum mechanics in quantum field theory is a new one called path integral.

Compared with wave mechanics and matrix mechanics, path integral appeared much later.

In the 1920s, Heisenberg and Schrödinger proposed these two forms respectively.

It took more than twenty years for Feynman to propose path integrals.

Generally speaking, path integrals are matched with the famous Feynman diagram named after Feynman.

Feynman diagrams often appear on the whiteboard at Sheldon's house in "The Big Bang Theory."

Chen Muwu decided to write about this path integral in his new paper.

Although in non-relativistic quantum mechanics, it is often troublesome to solve problems using path integrals.

But what does it have to do with me?

Everyone knows that wave mechanics is easy to use, so just keep using it.

I just proposed a new form of quantum mechanics. Whether it is useful or not will be revealed in the future.

Thinking of this, Chen Muwu took out his beloved typewriter from the cabinet again, moved a chair, and sat across from Dirac, completely forgetting to answer the question that the latter had just asked him.

“Space-time approach ro non-relativistic quantum mechanics.”

In the top center of the typing paper, Chen Muwu typed this line.



After returning to Trinity College in the evening, Chen Muwu opened the door and entered Kapitsa's room.

After seeing who was entering the room, Kapitsa jumped up from his seat.

"How about it, Chen, have you changed your mind and want to buy a car?"

Chen Muwu shook his head. Although he wanted to continue this topic and ask him what the reason was for selling the car, he finally chose to retreat in order to advance.

"I'm going to Paris in the summer, will you go with me this time?"

"Going to Paris? Didn't we just come back from France? The relationship between you two is really sweet!"

"Eve's sister Irena is getting married, and I will definitely go. That's why I came here to ask you, thinking that if you also go to see Anna, the two of us can just go together."

"I won't go. There may be some work to be done at the Cavendish Laboratory this summer."

Kapitsa's words flickered.

If things go as usual, he will definitely not refuse his invitation when he is in love.

And every summer, Kapitsa ran faster than anyone else. He would always take the train back to his country to visit relatives during the summer vacation.

And this train will definitely not be able to bypass France, let alone Paris.

This further confirms Chen Muwu's view that something is not right with the Russians recently.

"What's going on with you? You want to sell your car and you won't go home? Are you short of money?"

Kapitsa nodded sheepishly.

"But I see that you haven't had any big expenses recently, so why are you suddenly short of money?"

Kapitsa had been thinking about how to borrow money from Chen Muwu in the future.

Unexpectedly, this man himself came to the door.

Opportunities must be missed and never come again. He made no secret and told Chen Muwu that he wanted to buy a new car and participate in racing.

Losing a thief.

So everything he said before was a lie to himself, saying that Lagonda's appearance and color scheme were not suitable for his steady self.

As a result, this Russian in his thirties, his way to pursue stability was to go racing.

"Peter, I advise you to avoid participating in such boring activities. It feels too unsafe."

Chen Muwu was frightened when he thought about the journey today. Kapitsa's broken car didn't even have a seat belt, so he could only hold on to the handle of the door tightly.

Yes, seat belts.

It may be because the current speed is not fast enough, or it may be because people's safety awareness is not high enough. Anyway, not only Kapitsa's car, but all cars are not equipped with the life-saving accessory of seat belts.

Likewise, airbags have not yet been invented.

Chen Muwu feels that Volvo’s routine can be brought to the present.

While other car brands are pursuing speed and performance, you are focusing on safety. Isn't this the selling point?

After all, nothing is more important than human life.

When you have time, you must find a car manufacturer to fool around and see if you can get another fund by relying on the two inventions of seat belts and airbags.

The school in Sweden is just the beginning, and there will only be more and more places to spend money in the future.

He had to prepare for a rainy day from now on. Money must be something Han Xin ordered, the more the better.

For example, the Austin car is good. After all, Lord Austin will have a relationship with the Cavendish Laboratory in the future.

"Peter, if you insist on buying a new car, I can lend you the money.

"But if you are willing to wait a little longer and wait for me to finish what I am doing, maybe I can find a way to get the manufacturer to give you a new car."

Kapitsa just provided himself with a great money-making idea, so he couldn't treat him badly, could he?

"Really? Then can I choose a car? I like the new model Rolls-Royce launched last year called Phantom!"

There is an old comedy movie called "The Italian Adventures in Russia", in which there is an animal protagonist, a lion.

Chen Muwu felt that the way Kapitsa opened his mouth now was very similar to that lion.

Rolls-Royce Phantom, how dare he say that!

(End of chapter)