One second ago, Chen Muwu was sitting happily in the audience, waiting to receive the award later.
The result is the next second.
Warmaul Challenger triggers Warcry...
Iron-armored Wraith Mordekaiser used the skill Reincarnation and Impasse...
Haiyue used the skill Huanhai Yingyue...
Einstein on the podium has challenged you, inviting you to take the stage in front of most of the fellows of the Royal Society, and have a one-on-one PK in the Imperial City, to the death.
Why doesn't the old man on stage act according to the routine?
Didn't we have a good chat last night? We said we would look for opportunities in the future.
According to Einstein, "in the future" means the next day?
No wonder he is so listless today. It turns out he was thinking about it all night last night!
You said you would give your own acceptance speech and then go back to China, or you could come back to Cambridge University with me as a guest and have fun and eat well for a few days, wouldn't you?
If you have to do something like this at the award ceremony, it will be disgraceful for whoever loses, so why bother?
When is the time for retribution!
Einstein challenged him in public, and Chen Muwu had no choice but to refuse.
How do you say that?
We demand peace, but we are also not afraid of war.
It's just that today in front of so many people, it can basically be regarded as a gathering of the top scholars in the entire UK.
It doesn't matter who wins the battle, but whoever loses is embarrassed.
In addition to Chen Muwu, the fellows of the Royal Society sitting in the audience who were about to become the backdrop for an academic debate were also very surprised when they heard Einstein's request.
It seems that in the more than 300 years since the founding of the Royal Society and the more than 200 years since the Copley Medal was first awarded, no one has ever made such a request when delivering an award speech.
However, after being surprised, everyone in the audience became extremely interested in this upcoming debate.
Einstein vs. Chen Muwu, a direct dialogue between the two smartest men in the world in the mouth of the media. Is this a revenge battle for the old king or a coronation ceremony for the new king?
Chen Muwu said sorry to Einstein in advance.
"Dr. Einstein, I'm here, what do you want?"
He stood up while answering, but had no intention of going on stage.
Because after all, Einstein is not the award giver this time, but the recipient.
As soon as the two of them start discussing the issue, it will definitely exceed the time reserved for the acceptance speech during the ceremony, and all subsequent arrangements will also be disrupted.
Chen Muwu felt that it was inappropriate to do so.
"Dr. Chen, please come to the stage. I have an interesting question that I want to discuss with you."
But Einstein on the stage was unwilling to give up. He may have really thought that he had come up with a wonderful way to prove that quantum mechanics was wrong.
Well, if the elder calls, he dare not say goodbye. Chen Muwu can only obey the order.
He left his seat, walked along the aisle to the front of the auditorium, and climbed onto the podium. At the same time, he was thinking about what kind of new question Einstein might ask.
The few steps were quickly completed, and Chen Muwu consciously stood on the other side of Einstein. The relationship between the two was very much like the accuser and the defendant in a court, the pros and cons in a debate.
"Dr. Einstein, what advice do you have?"
Einstein walked to the blackboard hanging on the podium, picked up the chalk and drew a line segment on it, and then erased a small piece of white chalk writing in the center of the line segment with his finger.
"Chen, what I want to ask you is, if a beam of light is traveling and encounters a screen with only a small hole, what will happen?"
"Of course there is diffraction, doctor."
While giving the answer, Chen Muwu was still a little confused.
He thought that the thought experiment given by Einstein this time would be the photon box, but the result was diffraction again.
Wasn't this issue discussed once last night? Why are you here again today?
Could it be that Einstein was still awake and thought that what they discussed last night was given by the immortal in his dream?
"Yes, it's diffraction." Einstein didn't give Chen Muwu a chance to continue thinking. "After diffraction, this plane light wave will become a spherical wave with this small hole as the center of the sphere, and continue to propagate to the other side of the screen. Bar?"
"Exactly."
"Well, assuming I have a hemispherical screen with this small hole as the center, at a certain moment after diffraction, the light wave will definitely reach this screen.
"According to the equation of light waves, the intensity of light hitting anywhere on this screen is equal."
"good."
"Since you agree with this point of view, let me change my words now and continue to describe the experimental phenomenon of diffraction.
"This time we are only considering one photon.
"Suppose a photon is incident straight through a small hole. After passing through the small hole, it is still a photon.
“But since photons are also wavelike, the wave of this photon will also be diffracted by the small hole, so the Ψ value of the photon’s wave function on this hemispherical screen should be equal everywhere.
"According to your probability explanation, |Ψ| should be the probability of photon distribution, so this probability is equal everywhere on the screen.
"Now the problem comes, if this photon is regarded as a wave, then it may appear anywhere on the screen.
“And if you think of a photon as a particle, it can only come into contact with an abstract point on the screen.
"Dr. Chen, are there any conflicts between the two?"
Some people in the audience heard the example given by Einstein and felt that what he said made sense.
Among them are those who are still staunch supporters of the wave theory of light.
There are only two solutions to the contradiction existing in Einstein's experiment. Either Chen Muwu's quantum mechanical probability wave is wrong, or his light particle theory is wrong.
Of course, the latter was originally proposed by Einstein, and it was impossible for him to oppose himself.
From this point of view, it can only show that the former is wrong.
We want to see how Chen Muwu will explain this problem, or should we say, quibble?
However, as one of the parties involved, he disagreed.
Hey, what did you think it was? It made me very nervous.
It turns out to be this!
The soap bubbles that Einstein himself did not understand more than ten or twenty years ago were now brought to the surface again.
Aren’t these just various interpretations of quantum mechanics?
"Dr. Einstein, explaining the contradiction is actually a very simple matter.
"If there is no spherical screen behind the small hole, the wave function is indeed equal everywhere on the spherical surface with the small hole as the center. This is exactly what you said, when the photon passes through the small hole. After the hole, the probability of appearing anywhere on the sphere is the same.
“But once you put that spherical screen in, everything changes.
"The spherical screen is also an observation of this photon. At the moment when the observation occurs, the wave function of this photon collapses, thus giving an actual result, which is the amount of light that this photon shoots on the screen. Specific location.”
This explanation, which had tortured physicists for several years before they finally came up with a reasonable explanation, was simply explained by Chen Muwu in an understatement.
Judging from past experience, Einstein would never agree with this statement in his life.
So from the moment he opened his mouth, Chen Muwu was already prepared that he would not be accepted by Einstein in such a short period of time today.
Sure enough, after listening to Chen Muwu's explanation, Einstein shook his head decisively.
He picked up the chalk again and first drew a semicircular solid line behind the small hole on the previous picture. Obviously, this represented the hemispherical screen he just mentioned.
He labeled the screen with the letter A, then drew a semicircle dotted line close to the inside of the semicircle, and then labeled it with the letter B.
"Dr. Chen, it's hard for me to agree with the point of view you put forward.
"According to your statement, I am only considering another virtual sphere B that is only slightly smaller in radius than this hemispheric screen A.
"Before arriving at this screen, the probability that the photon will appear anywhere on sphere B is equal.
"And the moment it reaches the screen, the position of the photon is instantly determined?
"I think, if it is really like what you said, then during this period, a special kind of action at a distance must have occurred. It will not allow a wave continuously distributed in space to appear in two different places on the screen. produce effects at the same time.
"If you think about it carefully, this statement is really ridiculous. It is contradictory to the principle of relativity."
good!
Einstein directly introduced his principle of relativity, and he was really planning to fight him to the death.
Either you are wrong or I am wrong. Anyway, one of the two of us must die today.
Chen Muwu tried hard to correct Einstein's mistake: "Dr. Einstein, I have to correct you.
"It's not that there is an action at a distance between when the photon reaches screen A and when it passes through sphere B, but when you put down screen A and wait quietly for the photon to fall. From the moment above, the photon's wave function has collapsed, so its position and trajectory are fixed."
Einstein's soldiers came to block him: "Okay, Dr. Chen, I admit that what I said just now is not accurate. Let me change it to another way to correct it. Now I don't want any screen. As I said before, one is passing by this small After the hole, the light wave is diffracted and becomes a spherical wave with the hole as the center and continues to propagate forward, right?
"But it is just a photon. It will always pass through imaginary concentric spheres. When passing through a certain sphere and continuing to propagate forward, the photon, as a particle, can only and must travel from a point on the sphere. Passing. Rather than what your probability wave says, the probability of a photon being at each point on the sphere is equal, so it passes through every point on the sphere."
Going around and around, Einstein was still struggling with how the photon came from everywhere and suddenly converged on a point.
"Dr. Einstein, I think you may not have understood the matter of observation, so you mistakenly believe that when photons pass through this virtual sphere, they pass through a certain point on it.
“Actually, precisely because this sphere does not exist, photons still have equal probability at every point.
"This is because the act of observation did not occur, so the wave function of the photon did not collapse.
"I know that you are definitely not satisfied with the explanation I gave, and the observation itself is also a very vague concept.
"What exactly is an 'observation'? Is it something people see with their eyes, touch with their hands, or record with precision instruments?"
"Going back to the previous question, if people don't look at the hemispherical screen, or simply remove the screen like you did, but replace it with a photosensitive film made into a hemispherical shape by a skilled craftsman. , then when photons come into contact with this photosensitive film, will the entire hemispherical film be exposed, or will it only expose a certain point on it?
“In other words, will the wave function of the photon collapse the moment it touches the photographic plate?
“In my opinion, the wave function of a photon will not collapse, because the photographic film used to record the position of the photon is itself composed of uncertain particles and also has its own wave function.
"When this photographic film is used to take pictures and record, a system is formed between the photon and the film. The wave function of the photon and the wave function between the photographic film are 'superimposed', creating a new photon-film system. the wave function.
"Not only that, if I put a telescope behind this photographic film to record the process of the photographic film recording photons, then the wave function of the photon-film system will also be superimposed with the wave function of the telescope. , the system is further expanded into a photon-plate-telescope system. The wave function of this new system will also not collapse.
"In this analogy, a third instrument is added after the telescope, and a fourth instrument is added after the third instrument... Even if countless instruments are added, the scale of the system will only become larger and larger. But the wave function of the system will not collapse. Until..."
Chen Muwu deliberately played a long note to whet the appetite of Einstein and everyone in the room.
“Until a naughty little boy, whom I named Albert, went to the last instrument and took a look at the results recorded by the instrument.
"Among the results, Albert discovered that the photon only exposed itself as a point on the photographic film.
"At the moment when he saw the result, the entire chain system collapsed instantly, and the wave function also collapsed.
“Whether the wave function collapses or not is only related to whether people make observations.
"I think that the wave function only collapses when it is 'aware', and we get
A definite result. "
Hearing this explanation, Einstein hesitated to speak.
Chen Muwu felt that he would definitely not agree with his opinion. Maybe the reason why he didn't speak was just thinking about how to scold himself to relieve his anger without losing dignity.
Chen Muwu didn't want to be scolded, so he decided not to give Einstein a chance to organize his words.
"I know that when I say this, many people may not understand it, so next, I plan to use another thought experiment to explain my point of view."
(End of chapter)
