"I hereby announce that because of his theory of relativity and his contribution to the development of quantum theory, the Royal Society has decided to award the 1925 Copley Medal to Professor Albert Einstein. "
The Royal Society has a deep love for Einstein.
This Copley Medal was not only the first time that the Royal Society awarded it to a German from the unpopular defeated country of Germany after World War I.
It was also the first major honor Einstein received for his theory of relativity.
After all, the 1921 Nobel Prize was awarded to the photoelectric effect.
Of course, the current physics environment is different from what it was before.
From Eddington to Campbell, British and American astronomers have confirmed that Einstein's predictions using the theory of relativity are correct during solar eclipse observations.
Even Chen Muwu's quantum mechanics, which was not widely recognized by Einstein, indirectly proved the correctness of the theory of relativity.
The existence of spin in electrons provides a theoretical basis for the Chern Exclusion Principle, which can explain the anomalous Zeeman effect and can also be confirmed by the Stern-Gerlach in the ground state of hydrogen atoms.
But this is all summarized from experiments after all, and has not yet been obtained from theoretical derivation.
However, when Chen Muwu combined the special theory of relativity with the wave equation, he obtained the final form of the wave equation.
In that wave equation, Chen Muwu established several things called Chen matrices.
And these matrices just include several items describing spin.
Combining the theory of relativity and the wave equation, you can get the electron spin.
This shows what?
Of course, as long as the theory of relativity is correct, then the electron must have spin!
Chen Muwu originally set his heart towards the bright moon, but the bright moon shines on the ditch!
After reading the poem, let us turn our attention from the ditch to the venue of the Royal Society.
At the award ceremony the next morning, after the host read the award speech at the beginning of this chapter, there was not even the slightest response from the new winner.
"Professor Einstein, please come to the stage to receive the award."
"Professor Einstein?"
The host on the podium has called this name three times, and even used it in German the last two times.
But Einstein, sitting in the VIP seat in the middle of the first row of the Royal Society Auditorium, still nodded like a chicken pecking at rice.
Eddington next to him nudged him gently with his elbow, and then poked him hard several times, finally waking Einstein from his sleep.
"Doctor, it's your turn to go up to the stage to receive your award."
Einstein then stood up in a daze and walked onto the podium. It was obvious that the skin around his eyes was much darker than the rest of his face.
Standing in front of the microphone, Einstein's first words shocked the audience.
"I would like to thank the Kaiser Wilhelm Society for awarding me this year's Adolf Harnack Medal. I am honored to receive this award..."
Although Wilhelm II had already retired from the position of German Emperor after Germany's defeat in World War I, he went to the Netherlands next door and became an apartment owner.
But Germany's highest scientific institution still retains this name.
But this is England, not Germany.
The best scientific research institution in the UK is the Royal Society, not the Kaiser Wilhelm Society in Germany.
The Copley Medal, the most influential medal awarded by the Royal Society, is not the Adolf Harnack Medal of the Royal William Society.
Even though Einstein spoke in German, many in the audience could still understand him.
He only said one sentence and already made several mistakes.
Is this person standing on the podium really the smartest, oh no, the second smartest Einstein in the world?
Or is it that he was taken away by someone?
In fact, it was simply because Einstein didn't sleep well last night, or simply didn't sleep at all, that he was depressed this morning, his thoughts were in a mess, his speech was incoherent, and he made a big joke.
The culprit who caused all this was, of course, Chen Muwu, who arrived late last night.
…
Last night, when I met Chen Muwu in the restaurant, when Einstein said hello, the phrase "I am here" that he shouted was indeed very powerful, but it could only go so far.
In today's physics world, perhaps Einstein's status can really be compared to that of Confucius, but Chen Muwu's level is by no means as simple as a blind musician.
After being discovered, Chen Muwu felt that there was no point in sneaking away anymore, so he simply walked straight to their dining table and sat down opposite Einstein in a generous manner.
"Professor Einstein, since we parted ways on New Year's Day two years ago in Jihai, I have been looking forward to seeing you again, and today I finally got my wish!"
After several years of experience, Chen Muwu has become thicker and thicker now, and he can say such a long series of semi-ideal words without changing his face or heartbeat.
At least until more than half a year ago, he had always wanted to see Einstein again.
Because he had to rush back to Cambridge University to defend his doctoral thesis, Chen Muwu failed to follow Langevin and others to Germany to meet Einstein after attending the Solvay Conference. At that time, he regretted for a long time.
However, at that moment, due to the publication of several papers in the summer and autumn of last year, the relationship between him and Einstein gradually became tit-for-tat from the original "like glue".
Since that time, Chen Muwu's attitude towards Einstein has always been to avoid him.
"Long time no see, Chen, or I should call you Dr. Chen now. First of all, I would like to congratulate you on winning the Nobel Prize. When I was still in Sihai, I just regarded you as a young man who was very talented in physics. .
"I didn't expect that in less than two years, you proved to me how much amazing physical energy is contained in this genius body."
"Doctor, you are ridiculous. It is actually very easy to calculate the energy in my body. My mass is about 70 kilograms, and my body temperature is about 310 Kelvin.
“And because of the presence of organic and inorganic substances such as protein, fat, calcium, iron, zinc and selenium, my specific heat capacity must be smaller than that of water, which is 4180 joules per kilogram per kelvin.
“Multiplying these three data together, it’s about more than 90,000 kilojoules, which when converted into kilowatt-hours, is only 25 kilowatt-hours of electricity.
"Recently, the price of electricity in London has dropped to two pence a degree. In other words, all my body parts are worth less than a five-shilling coin."
Maybe it was because after meeting Lao She in the afternoon, Chen Muwu got into the bad habit of talking nonsense.
So he was talking nonsense like this, which made the people at the table laugh.
"Dr. Chen, what are you kidding me? If you are only worth five shillings, then I will definitely spend two hundred and fifty pounds first, buy a thousand Dr. Chen, and arrange for them to work at the Cambridge University Observatory.
"I don't think it will take three to five years. Not to mention all the mysteries of the entire universe, maybe even the space-time train that you envision that can travel through time and back to the past can be built by these Dr. Chen! "
Eddington chimed in with a joke.
He secretly mentioned time travel in it, probably to remind the two people sitting across from each other at the dining table that they had been close friends for years.
"Don't forget to share the Greenwich Observatory with us when the time comes!"
Dyson, who didn't know why, also started to have fun.
"I don't think so." Although Einstein shook his head with a straight face, the relaxed tone of his words betrayed him, "I don't think a thousand Dr. Chen can live harmoniously in the same room. According to what he proposed, According to the Exclusion Principle, the two Dr. Chens together are already at their limit.
"So I only need to pay half a pound to buy two Dr. Chens.
"I very much hope to see the anti-Dr. Chen who holds the opposite opinion and believes that the theory of causality is correct, completely refuting the Dr. Chen in front of me who is full of probability waves and the principle of uncertainty.
"In other words, that one is the real Dr. Chen, and the one sitting next to us now is the anti-Dr. Chen."
There was a hidden meaning in Einstein's words, and in the end, it was no surprise that he ended up attacking Chen Muwu's theory.
"Doctor, I am not Dirac-Chen Zi, but a simple Chen Zi. Two me's will not be incompatible together, and a thousand me's together will only unite more tightly!"
"But I seem to hear some attack from your words. It seems that you are still a little bit worried about the theories I put forward."
Einstein mercilessly corrected Chen Muwu's verbal mistakes: "It's not some, but very grudges. Chen, I have never understood why you want to abandon the matter of causality?"
"Because it really should be thrown away."
"No, I don't think you're right."
The calm conversation between the two people did not last long, and soon tensions began to rise.
Eddington stood up again to smooth things over: "Albert, Chen, after the Royal Society's award ceremony tomorrow, let's discuss some issues related to quantum mechanics, how about it?"
Einstein didn't appreciate it: "How about tonight, I just ordered a pot of coffee. After dinner, we can all go to my room to chat."
Who in the right mind drinks coffee in the middle of the night?
It seemed that Einstein was definitely prepared, and he had no intention of letting him go tonight.
However, in these two days, Einstein first went from Berlin, Germany to France, then crossed the English Channel and came to London.
After all the hard work of traveling and traveling, he planned to fight with himself at night again tonight.
I don’t know if Einstein’s tired body, a middle-aged man in his forties, can survive the night.
Chen Muwu felt that even if he won the debate tonight, he would still be defeated by force.
In the past, there was a knight named Zhan Ying who beat an old lady, but now Chen Muwu beats an old man?
"Doctor, you have just crossed half of the European continent. If you stay up late tonight, will your body be able to handle it?"
"Of course it's no problem! I'm still a little worried about you. I've been running outside all afternoon and you haven't eaten yet, right? Hurry up and get some food to fill your stomach. We'll have a big show in the evening!"
…
In fact, the overall atmosphere of this small discussion after dinner was harmonious, and there were no too heated arguments.
Einstein simply enumerated his first thought experiment, a single-slit diffraction with a shutter.
Suppose the shutter is suddenly opened at a certain moment, and then particles are released through the slit.
According to the calculation of radiation pressure, at the moment the shutter is opened, there will be a momentum transfer between the incident particles and the edge of the shutter.
Because the momentum between the particle and the shutter is conserved, as long as the momentum of the shutter can be calculated, the momentum of the particle can be deduced from it.
As long as the accuracy of the slit is high enough, the position of the particle can be measured simultaneously, so the momentum-position uncertainty does not hold.
This thought experiment is easy to refute. Chen Muwu is completely following Bohr in crossing the river.
He assumed that in the time of Δt, the width of the slit opening is Δx, then the speed of shutter movement should be v=Δx÷Δt.
And if the momentum transferred between the particle and the shutter is Δp, then it must also be accompanied by the transfer of energy, ΔE≈vΔp.
Because of the energy-time uncertainty, we have ΔEΔt≈h.
Therefore, vΔpΔt=ΔpΔｘ≈h still follows the momentum-position uncertainty principle.
Hearing Chen Muwu's answer, Einstein looked like a fish had been hooked.
I finally showed my weakness and was caught by me!
"Awesome Chen, your ideas are really wonderful.
“But sorry, this is just deriving the uncertainty principle of momentum-position from the uncertainty principle of energy-time.
"You are in a closed loop from beginning to end. In my opinion, this is not a real derivation at all."
Unexpectedly, Chen Muwu did not panic at all: "Doctor, I don't agree with your statement.
"In my opinion, the uncertainty principle, which is a universal basic principle, cannot be deduced from assumptions other than quantum mechanics. All we can do is to ensure that it remains the same in different experiments. Just the consistency.”
After a little explanation, Chen Muwu was even more critical: "Could it be that your principle of relativity is different from the principle of uncertainty, so it can be directly deduced?"
This last sentence made Einstein shut up.
Principles are the most basic laws with universal significance, and their correctness can only be determined through practice.
If one's own theory of relativity can be based on the principle of relativity, then of course there is no problem if Chen Muwu's quantum mechanics is based on his uncertainty principle.
Although Eddington didn't say anything at the side, he secretly gave Chen Muwu a thumbs up in his heart.
Although he had not read the "Mathematical Principles of Relativity" he wrote before, this time he finally read his latest popular science book on quantum mechanics.
Isn’t this point of view quoted now exactly what I wrote into the book?
Children can be taught!
At this time, Einstein reluctantly agreed to the explanation given by Chen Muwu.
But he also found a new attack method, that is, if he can find places where the uncertainty principle does not maintain consistency in thought experiments, can he explain the uncertainty principle and even establish the basis of this principle? Is the entire quantum mechanics of science inconsistent with itself?
After thinking for a moment, Einstein launched another charge: "Chen, you are right. According to your quantum mechanics, it is indeed impossible to use the same system to determine the position of particles accurately at the same time." To measure its momentum.
"But what if I use a dual system? Behind the slit, I add another grating with two slits to pass the interference fringes on the final screen..."
Double slit interference, right?
It can determine the path, that is, which slit the particle passed through, right?
This is more classic than the single-slit diffraction just now. Chen Muwu answered it effortlessly. He pointed out directly that if it can be determined which slit the particle passes through and it shows 100% particle nature, then in the end The interference fringes on the screen will disappear.
Einstein thought about it and realized that this was indeed the case.
It seems that there is still no flaw in this game, and it can still be regarded as a deadlock.
He originally planned to launch a third charge against the uncertainty principle, but Eddington acted as a peacemaker again.
Although he disagreed with Einstein's stubbornness in quantum mechanics, the latter was still one of his best friends.
As Chen Muwu said, Einstein traveled hundreds of miles after all. If he couldn't get a good rest, it would be bad for his health. That's why Einstein stopped tonight's first round. duel.
In this regard, Einstein did not express his objection.
He was even in a good mood, feeling that he had found a very fun game during the two confrontations with Chen Muwu.
As the siege party, he has to work hard to find a way to design a thought experiment and find out the contradictions of the uncertainty principle.
As the defender of the city, Chen Muwu's task is to constantly refute his views, and then let him further modify the previous thought experiment on this basis.
Einstein believed that as long as he continued to improve it, he would be able to find the experiment that finally overturned the uncertainty principle.
This battle between right and wrong is indeed not about a day or a night, but about a long time to come.
"Chen, why don't we end our game tonight? Anyway, we have plenty of time, so we'll look for opportunities later.
"But I want to remind you, Chen, you must be mentally prepared. That is, one day, I will defeat you in this game!"
In Einstein's request for peace talks, he directly said the word game.
"Of course, Dr. Einstein, I would be happy to accompany you if you would like."
It seemed like there was a perfect truce this evening, until Chen Muwu said his closing words with some revenge: "Doctor, I also want to express one last point to you."
"please."
"I think quantum mechanics is already a complete theory, and there is no need to make any modifications to its basic mathematical and physical assumptions. So, no matter what, you will never be able to defeat me in this game."
After Chen Muwu finished speaking, he and Eddington stood up to say goodbye and left Einstein's room.
But the more Einstein thought about his last words, the angrier he became.
How come your quantum mechanics is a complete theory?
I think there must be a big problem with its logic!
The angrier Einstein became, the more he couldn't sleep. Of course, it might also be because of the coffee. The more he couldn't sleep, the more he thought about how to refute Chen Muwu's thought experiment.
He stayed up for the entire second half of the night, until the sky was a little dim, and Einstein finally lay down on the bed and took a nap.
That's why at today's Royal Society Awards Ceremony, Einstein showed a somewhat funny scene on the podium without resting.
Seeing that Einstein still didn't realize his mistake at all, and planned to continue "the warm breeze makes tourists drunk and makes London look like Berlin", the host and English translator beside him quickly walked over and whispered in German The ground reminded him.
"Sorry, I'm really embarrassed. I didn't get a good rest last night, which caused my brain's reaction speed to be a little slow today, so I took a nap on my seat. Just after I woke up, I heard someone calling me in German, and I subconsciously I thought this was Germany, so I made a few wrong remarks. Sorry, I was really rude."
On the other hand, Chen Muwu, who was sitting in the audience and had a verbal spat with Einstein for several hours last night, was still very well dressed today.
After all, he is the owner of a Hughes Medal.
Although this medal is not well-known, it still comes with a prize of one thousand pounds.
If you add two hundred pounds to this money, you can buy a Lagonda car of the same model as Kapitsa.
If you don't add money, you can convert it into one-fortieth of the Institute of Theoretical Physics building, or you can buy 4,000 Dr. Chen with a unit price of five shillings.
No matter how small the mosquito legs are, they are still meat!
Einstein apologized and continued his acceptance speech: "Thank you to the Royal Society for recognizing me.
"Although this award was awarded to me for my contributions to relativity and quantum fields, recently I have been challenged by the same person in both relativity and quantum fields.
"Dr. Chen presented facts and reason, and the cosmic expansion model he proposed denied my cosmological constant. At this point, it makes no sense to me.
"It's just that I really can't agree with some of the fallacies that Dr. Chen introduced into the quantum mechanics he founded. Especially the uncertainty principle.
"Dr. Chen, can you please come to the podium?
"I had a dream last night." Einstein was embarrassed to say the reason for his insomnia last night, just to find refutation and Chen Muwu's thought experiment. "In the dream, I did another experiment. In this experiment, your That quantum mechanics just doesn’t seem to hold true.”
(End of chapter)
