“After winning the Nobel Prize, I was interviewed by many reporters in Copenhagen, Denmark.
“Among the reporters interviewed, there was a reporter from the New York Times from the United States.
“Shortly after the interview, they sent me the newspaper from the day the interview was published.
“And I happened to read an article in the newspaper that day by Edwin Hubble, an astronomer at the Mount Wilson Observatory affiliated with the Carnegie Institution.
“Dr. Ha revealed something very interesting in that article.
“He conducted very professional measurements and calculations on several Cepheid variable stars in the Andromeda Nebula and other nebulae, and concluded that the distance of these stars from our earth is far greater than the radius of the Milky Way.
"Then this result illustrates another point, that is, these nebulae are not within the Milky Way, but should be independent star systems outside the Milky Way.
“In other words, the universe we live in should be much larger than the Milky Way we live in.
“I was very interested in this article he published in the New York Times, so I sent a telegram to Dr. Hubble and asked him for specific measurement data.
"That's what's shown on the slide right now, as you can see."
Chen Muwu kept his word. He did not use Hubble, but actually helped him publish the results of experimental observations at the Nobel Prize Award Ceremony.
After he announced the result at the award ceremony, the audience was talking a lot.
Although there were basically few astronomy professionals present, many people had always thought that the Milky Way was the entire universe.
Now they suddenly heard Chen Muwu say that there are other galaxies outside the Milky Way, which made them feel very novel.
Chen Muwu pointed to the data on the slide and continued: "Dr. Hubble sent me a total of seventeen sets of nebula data, all of which are listed here.
"When I mentioned these rotating galaxies that we previously called 'nebulae,' I suddenly thought of another thing.
“That’s more than ten years ago, another American astronomer, Vesto Sriver of the Lowell Observatory, also observed these galaxies.
"What Mr. Sriver observed was not the distance of these galaxies from us, but that except for a few galaxies, most galaxies are moving away from our earth.
"After more than ten years of observation, in 1917, he had given the recession speed of more than twenty galaxies moving away from us. I have also pulled out these data from the data and listed them on another slide. "
Chen Muwu nodded to the staff to help him switch to the next slide.
"Of the seventeen galaxies Dr. Hubble observed, fourteen of them appeared in Mr. Sriver's data.
“So I was bored and made a connection between the same galaxies that appeared in these two sets of data.
"Then I discovered a very magical phenomenon. The moving speed of these galaxies is basically proportional to their distance from us.
“In other words, the farther a galaxy is from us, the faster it is moving away from us.
"This phenomenon shows that our universe is not actually static, but is constantly expanding."
If people were just a little curious when it was pointed out that there are other galaxies outside the Milky Way.
So when Chen Muwu expressed his point of view, it finally shocked the audience present.
Because this completely overturns the simple view of the universe that people have established since ancient times that the universe is static and infinite.
Chen Muwu didn’t give everyone time to be shocked:
"Everyone, everyone, please be patient. The organizer only gave me twenty minutes to speak, so please wait until I finish speaking before everyone starts discussing. Thank you.
"Now let's go back to the question at the beginning of the speech, which is the point that puzzled Harley. Why is it dark?"
"Time is limited, I will only list one of the reasons.
"These data now irrefutably show that our universe is expanding.
"In other words, distant stars are constantly moving away from us, and the light they emit will continue to move in the direction of longer wavelengths, which is called red shift.
"Please note that this red shift is not a Doppler shift, but is caused precisely by the expansion of the universe.
“The wavelength range of visible light for us humans is very limited, and we can only see visible light in the wavelength range of approximately 400 to 770 nanometers.
"The light emitted by those distant galaxies, after all the hard work of reaching the earth, has long since been red-shifted and turned into infrared rays that we cannot see, or even microwaves with longer wavelengths.
“That’s why at night after the sun goes down, the sky above us feels dark.
“Perhaps, we may be able to detect these infrared rays and microwaves propagating from the depths of the universe in the future.
“At that time, it will be even more clear that the universe is constantly expanding.
“That’s why I say that the cosmological constant term that Dr. Einstein introduced in the gravitational field equation in order to restrict the universe to maintain a constant and static state. Perhaps at some time in the future, we will find other cosmological constants for this cosmological constant. reasonable guess or explanation.
"But for the current situation, the cosmological constant does not have to exist at all.
"This may not be considered a mistake made by Dr. Einstein. It can only be said that he was influenced by mankind's long-standing wrong view of the universe, so he made a wrong choice."
Although Chen Muwu talked about astronomy knowledge, the physics and mathematical calculations involved were not complicated.
Only now did Bohr realize that Chen Muwu had indeed declared war on Einstein, but the battlefield they were fighting was not in microscopic quantum mechanics, but in the vast and boundless universe, where they were arguing over the general theory of relativity.
Although it was not a big deal to watch the excitement, Bohr still felt that after the award ceremony was over, the conflict between Chen Muwu and Einstein must be reconciled, so that the two of them could not turn against each other.
After revealing the conclusion that the universe is expanding, Chen Muwu, who stood on the podium, had no intention of stopping his speech.
He continued his violent theory: "Since the universe is constantly expanding, then I thought of another thing.
“If we started to retrace the process of the entire universe at this moment, what would we find?
"As time continues to go backwards, the size of our universe should be getting smaller and smaller. In other words, if time goes back to a specific moment, perhaps the entire universe will shrink into an infinitesimal size. point.
"This means that the entire time regression stops abruptly here. Before this moment, there was no universe and no time.
“This point is the origin of the universe, and this moment is the origin of all time.
"In my country, there is such a myth and legend:
“According to legend, a long time ago, there was neither sky nor earth in the world, and everything was condensed together, like an egg.
"There is a person sleeping in the egg, his name is Pangu.
"Pangu suddenly opened his eyes one day. He touched an ax at hand and split the whole egg into two parts.
“The lighter part of the egg gradually rose and became the sky, while the remaining heavy part gradually descended and became the earth.
“Every day the sky increases by one foot, and the earth sinks by one foot every day.
"Pangu was afraid that one day, heaven and earth would merge into one again, so he put the sky above his head and his feet on the earth. The distance between heaven and earth became farther and farther, and his height also grew longer and longer.
"The name of this story is 'Pangu created the world'. Although it is just a myth and legend in ancient my country, I think it is very similar to the origin of the universe deduced from the expansion of the universe.
"So I call the process of the universe changing from a point with infinite mass and infinitely small volume to the state we are in now as the 'Pangus process', and it starts from that point to the point where it transforms into the universe. time, call it 'Pangu's time'."
The word "big bang" sounds ugly, and it can easily make people think of some bloody and violent scenes.
In comparison, the word Pangu's time is much cuter, isn't it?
Chen Muwu really never forgets his mission of cultural export.
"This concludes my acceptance speech. Thank you for your patience in listening. I would also like to thank the Nobel Prize Committee again for awarding this year's Nobel Prize in Physics to me."
Chen Muwu bowed to the surrounding audience and said a few words, and then left the stage of the City Hall.
Although he was calm and calm, it seemed as if nothing had happened.
But the audience at the venue was experiencing a shock no less than an 8.0-magnitude earthquake.
Chen Muwu just said that the universe is constantly expanding, but now he actually said that time has an end!
The theological implications of this view are too strong.
Who is interested in listening to the next Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine, Einthoven?
Everyone was whispering and discussing in their seats. Not leaving immediately was the greatest respect for another Nobel Prize winner.
Only the reporters in the press box ignored him. Chen Muwu did not deceive them and indeed delivered a shocking acceptance speech.
So these reporters left their seats one after another in order to spread this news to all parts of the world as soon as possible.
…
"Henry Kimball Hadley's New Opera "Nights in Old Paris" Premieres at the Metropolitan Theater in New York"
"The Chancellor of the Exchequer, Winston Churchill, wrote to Prime Minister Baldwin, discouraging the strengthening of the defense of the Singapore colony, believing that Great Britain would never go to war with Japan on the other side of the world in his lifetime."
"The 24th Nobel Prize Award Ceremony was recently held in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden"
"Chinese physicist Chen Muwu won the physics prize, and Dutch doctor Einthoven won the physiology or medicine prize"
"Smarter than Dr. Einstein, declares that Einstein made a mistake?" 》
"Who is the smartest person in the world?" Chen or Einstein? 》
"Did the Universe Have an Origin?" Our reporter conducted an exclusive interview with Fellow Eddington"
"Light of East Asia!" Chen Muwujun wins Asia's first Nobel Prize medal in physics"
"Yoshio Nishina, a doctor living in Europe, talks about Chen Muwu: He pointed out to me the future development direction of physics"
…
The day after the acceptance speech was delivered, news with various headlines appeared in major newspapers around the world.
But the vast majority of these news are related to Chen Muwu's Nobel Prize acceptance speech.
These days, Hubble has been counting the days on his fingers.
He had previously seen what Chen Muwu said in an interview with reporters in the Swedish port city of Malmo that a major research result would be announced to the world.
Hubble thought to himself that Chen Muwu was indeed a gentleman who kept his word. This important research result was probably that the Andromeda Nebula he observed was a galaxy outside the Milky Way, right?
So the day after the Nobel Prize Award Ceremony, he even got up early and stayed at the newsstand outside the Carnegie Institution, just to get the latest newspaper as soon as possible and see if Chen Muwu kept his appointment. Published his research results to the world.
Hubble indeed saw the word "universe" in the news headline, but it was not followed by "there are other galaxies out there", but "does it have an origin?"
Is this different from what was promised? Could it be that Chen Muwu suddenly changed the content of his speech to something else?
Hubble randomly grabbed a handful of coins, "robbed" a newspaper at a price much higher than the selling price, and read the article carefully.
Only then did he realize that Chen Muwu had not deceived him and indeed mentioned Hubble's astronomical discoveries in his speech.
Chen Muwu just went a step further based on his research and put forward an even more surprising idea that "there are other galaxies outside the Milky Way."
Sriver's study of the nebula's receding speed may be somewhat unfamiliar to Europeans on the other side of the Atlantic.
But in the American astronomical community, his research results have long been recognized.
So when Hubble read the full text of Chen Muwu's acceptance speech in the newspaper, he immediately ran back to the database, dug out Sriver's previous data, and compared it one by one according to what Chen Muwu said.
Soon after, Hubble came to the same conclusion as Chen Muwu. The farther away the galaxies are from the earth, the greater their receding speed.
Hubble lamented that Chen Muwu's knowledge base and keen intuition in astronomy were able to connect these two research results in such a short period of time.
He picked up the phone and booked a ticket from the train station.
Hubble decided to rush back to the Mount Wilson Observatory in California immediately to conduct more observations and research on Chen Muwu's conclusion.
He didn't even want to go to New York to attend the New Year's Day meeting of the American Astronomical Society and argue with those old-fashioned astronomical masters on the boring question of whether Andromeda is a nebula or a galaxy.
Obviously, the expansion of the universe interests him more.
Unlike Hubble, most intellectuals who have received systematic education are still not able to accept the expansion of the universe proposed by Chen Muwu.
The view that the universe is infinite and unchanging has long been ingrained in their brains. It is not easy to suddenly change it now - even if Chen Muwu has listed more than a dozen sets of data to prove it.
…
Chen Muwu's Nobel Prize speech even alarmed people in the religious circles who had always been incompatible with science.
They even divided into two groups for this reason. One group criticized Chen Muwu verbally and writtenly, while the other group believed that the "Pangu Process" proposed by Chen Muwu was excellent evidence to prove the existence of God.
Some conservative religious people believe that Chen Muwu's statement that the origin of the universe was a point with infinite mass and infinitesimal volume is completely unreasonable.
As it is said in "Genesis", the universe should have been created by God, definitely not the pagan Pangu lying in the egg.
However, some religious people who are flexible in thinking and willing to adapt believe that Chen Muwu's view is not unreasonable. Perhaps it is also a means for God to create the entire universe.
But that Pangu must not exist. If he must exist, he can only be an apostle of God.
The Holy See, which has been trapped in the tiny Vatican City by the Italian government since the mid-19th century, has even made some noise of its own about the Big Bang theory.
Vatican staff revealed the news in the Vatican's official newspaper "Osservatore Romano" that Pope Pius XI wanted to invite Dr. Chen Muwu and Dr. Hubble from the United States to the Vatican City for a visit, hoping that they could communicate with the Vatican. Theologians sat down to discuss the origin and development of the universe.
Although he had completed all the official work for the Nobel Prize in Stockholm, Chen Muwu still had no free time to read what was written in the newspaper.
Therefore, he missed the opportunity to understand the dynamics of the British government. He did not know that Macdonald of the Labor Party had resigned, and his old senior at Trinity College, Baldwin, had re-entered the administration of No. 10 Downing Street and formed a second party. Baldwin Cabinet.
It is actually not important to know who will be the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. The most important thing is that Chen Muwu missed the news that Churchill would become the Chancellor of the Exchequer.
The biggest mistake this fat British man who loved cigars and scissorhands made in his life did not happen during World War II, nor was it the judgment that appeared in the newspaper headlines that Britain and Japan would never go to war. It happened during Next year is 1925.
In order to restore the British Empire to its former glory before World War I, Churchill forcibly returned the pound to the gold standard after becoming Chancellor of the Exchequer.
This "patriotic act" of his was considered by later generations to be one of the main causes of the world economic depression in the late 1920s.
But Chen Muwu knew that if the pound returned to the gold standard and the U.S. dollar remained on the gold standard, the exchange rate between the two would reach a fixed rate of one pound to four dollars eighty-six cents, which is much higher than the current real exchange rate.
If he had known about Churchill's coming to power, Chen Muwu could have asked his second brother to convert all his wealth into pounds before the fixed exchange rate was implemented, and then make a small fortune.
It can only be said that Chen Muwu was not destined to make this fortune.
The day after he completed his entire schedule for the Nobel Prize, Prince Gustaf Adolf, Crown Prince of Sweden, finally got to have a good chat with the Chinese genius Chen Muwu.
Ever since Chen Muwu left for Stockholm, the Crown Prince of Sweden took him and Eve home.
Just because they were afraid of disturbing Chen Muwu's preparation for his Nobel Prize speech, the two of them did not have a good conversation for so many days.
Even if Prince Gustav Adolf didn't come to visit, Chen Muwu still had something to ask the Swedish Crown Prince for help.
The meeting between the two was arranged in a collection room in this villa.
Calligraphy, calligraphy and paintings are hung on the walls of the collection room, and the room is filled with blue and white porcelain, bronzes, and other cultural relics from China.
This scene may mean that the Swedish Crown Prince wants to express his importance to Chen Muwu.
But it caused Chen Muwu some discomfort.
Those cultural relics were a silent reminder to him that although he has made great achievements personally, his motherland far in the east is still in the situation of "people are used as swords and others as fish and meat".
"Dr. Chen, congratulations again on winning the Nobel Prize in Physics."
A smile appeared on Chen Muwu's face: "Thank you very much, His Royal Highness."
"The physical theory you proposed in your speech yesterday is very interesting, especially the Chinese allusion you mentioned named Pangu. This is the first time I have heard of it.
"The ancestors of your country really had imagination and were able to imagine such a wonderful fairy tale.
"And if it is true, as you said, that the universe we live in started from one point in the beginning, then I think the ancestors of the Chinese may have seen through the mystery of this universe thousands of years ago."
Chen Muwu knew that the cultural output he had always insisted on was not without any effect.
You see, it has only been a day, but haven’t you already caught a “Chinese culture enthusiast”?
"Mr. Chen, I am now more and more curious about distant China."
Chen Muwu then remembered that after the Paris Olympics, the Swedish Crown Prince once told him that he wanted to go on an inspection trip to China to learn more about Eastern culture.
At that time, I advised him to build a Chinese culture school in Stockholm, but I don’t know what he is thinking about it now.
But he was too embarrassed to ask directly, so he could only make insinuations.
"Your Highness the Crown Prince, I am very grateful for your interest in our country's culture and history. In fact, I have something to ask of you today.
"I heard from others that the islands near Stockholm are actually allowed to be bought and sold by private parties? Decades ago, there was an old man named Kang Youwei in our country, and he bought an island here with a sum of money that was fraudulently obtained. The island.”
"It is true, Chen. Do you also want to buy an island to build a villa? Then Stockholm is definitely a good choice."
Prince Gustav Adolf very much hoped that Chen Muwu could stay and be his neighbor.
"Your Highness the Crown Prince, I am different from that person named Kang Youwei. I am not doing it for my own enjoyment. I just want to buy a small island of moderate size and build a school on the island to help my compatriots learn advanced science. Knowledge.
"You also know that my country is still at war. At the end of this year, they just ended a military war that covered several provinces. In that environment, students have no way to study with peace of mind."
What he said was also an eye-opener for the Crown Prince of Sweden, reminding him in an insinuating way that there was no peace in China, and that the only serious thing to do was to cancel the visit to China as soon as possible.
“That’s why I wondered if it was possible to build such a school abroad.
“I previously wanted to build such a school in the UK, but after coming to Stockholm to attend the Nobel Prize ceremony, I fell in love with this place and wanted to locate the school here.
"I wonder if His Royal Highness the Crown Prince can do me this favor and introduce me to government staff who can handle the matter of purchasing the island, so that I can get to know him?"
After hearing Chen Muwu's question, Prince Gustav Adolf also laughed: "Chen, this is exactly what I want to tell you.
"You advised me not to travel to your country before, but I didn't take it seriously at first. It wasn't until I saw the war you were talking about in the newspaper that your warning made sense. Guns and guns are ruthless, and I don't need to Take the risk.
“You also told me at the time that the money from the trip could be used to build a school in Stockholm so that Swedish citizens can better understand Chinese culture.
“I have been thinking about this proposal recently, and I didn’t expect that it coincides with your idea today.
"Then why don't we just jointly run a school? And you don't have to worry about the location of the school or the funds needed to build a house. Someone is willing to bear all these expenses."
(Woof.)
(End of chapter)
