“Okay, gentlemen, it seems that this year’s Nobel Prize in Physics is the only nominee left, Chen Muwu.
"If he fails to pass the qualification review of our review committee, then in this year's selection, the review committee did not find important enough work results. According to the provisions of the "Nobel Foundation Charter", we may We will regretfully have to report it to the Nobel Prize Committee, and this year’s selection of the Physics Prize winners will be temporarily shelved and will be discussed next year.”
Gulstrand’s proposal is not a whimsical one. As he said, Article 5 of the Charter of the Nobel Foundation clearly states: “If (in a given year) no sufficiently important work is found, As a result, this award will be retained until the following year. If even then the award cannot be awarded, its amount shall be added to the funds of the Foundation.”
And this is not the first time that the Nobel Prize in Physics has been delayed. There have been three delays in history (1917, 1918 and 1921).
Chen Muwu's participation in the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1924 can be regarded as taking advantage of the timing and the people.
Needless to say, Rutherford connected so many physicists from all over Europe and the United States to jointly nominate Chen Muwu. It can be said that he is the favorite of the people.
The reason why it is said to be the right time is that historically, this year's Nobel Prize in Physics was postponed to the second year because no sufficiently important work results were found, and was finally awarded to a Swedish physicist. Mane Sigbarn.
In fact, Sigbarn had been studying X-ray spectroscopy for ten years, but his name did not appear once in the 1924 Nobel Prize in Physics nomination.
Why did a person who was unknown a year ago suddenly win the Nobel Prize in Physics the next year?
On the one hand, it is because he only published "X-ray Spectroscopy" in 1925, and on the other hand, it is because his nationality is Swedish.
Since the Nobel Prize in Physics began in 1901, a Swede has won it only once, in 1912.
Niels Gustav Dahlen, who was awarded the prize for inventing the gas automatic regulator that ignites navigation lights and buoy lights, is recognized as the most prestigious person in the entire Nobel Prize in Physics - it is not misinformed. The doctoral thesis of the young Duke de Broglie, who had been studying it for many years, was not just a few thin pieces of paper, but more than seventy pages.
This led the jury to award the 1924 Nobel Prize in Physics to Siegbahn within a year of the publication of his monograph, in order to support the organizers.
However, Chen Muwu did not take advantage of the location this time.
Gulstrand never wanted to award this year's physics prize to Chen Muwu, a loyal believer in Einstein, a supporter and certifier of the deviant photon heresy, and an evil Chinese from the Far East.
That's why he thought about the qualification review. If the review committee can unanimously agree that Chen Muwu's research results are not enough to win the Nobel Prize in Physics, what's the use of having more nominations?
The last academic news Gulstrand heard about Chen Muwu was that he created a new branch called quantum mechanics in the microscopic world, and also proposed a mathematical tool called a matrix, and an incomprehensible wave. equation.
If these nominators use this reason to nominate Chen Muwu for the Nobel Prize in Physics, then they are playing into his hands.
In the early selections such as the Nobel Prize in Science, theoretical research was always looked down upon.
This was the ethos of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and was even reflected in Alfred Nobel's will.
Regarding the selection of winners, Nobel wrote in his will that the Nobel Prize in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine will be awarded to the "most significant discovery or invention", "the most significant discovery" in the three disciplines. or improvement” and “the most significant discovery”.
Therefore, according to this will, there is no problem at all for Le Chatelier of France to nominate the Lumiere brothers who invented cinema.
And this can also explain why there is no Nobel Prize in mathematics.
It’s not because of the long-circulated scientific legend that Nobel’s fiancée ran away with a mathematician, so he didn’t establish a mathematics prize. This is completely nonsense.
In fact, it was because Nobel, a chemist and inventor, was limited to the general environment of the times and believed that mathematics was a purely theoretical subject and could not make outstanding contributions to mankind like physics and chemistry, so he did not establish it in his will. Mathematics Prize.
Gulstrand also grasped the fact that the Nobel Prize emphasizes experiments and neglects theory. If the reasons for Chen Muwu's nomination are all related to theory, then he can reject Einstein because of the theory of relativity like before. Like Stan, he refused to award this year’s Nobel Prize in Physics to Chen Muwu.
However, the reasons for nomination in the nomination letter once again disillusioned Gulstrand.
Although some people do nominate theories. For example, the reason for nomination given by Planck is that Chen Muwu proposed Chen statistics that can deduce Planck's law of thermal radiation. The reason given by Bohr is that Chen Muwu proposed and experimentally confirmed that electrons have natural properties. spin, proposed the Chern exclusion principle regarding electron energy levels, and proposed the fourth quantum number of Bohr's atomic model.
But more nomination letters gave various experiments that Chen Muwu had done.
Rutherford and Einstein nominated Chen Muwu's gamma ray Chern scattering experiment, and Thomson Sr. nominated Chen Muwu's visible light Chern scattering experiment.
Langevin and Marie Curie of France, of course, nominated the electron diffraction experiments conducted by Chen Muwu and de Broglie. The former also added the name of his student de Broglie in the nomination.
Even the president of Harvard University, Abbott Lowell, who was rejected by Chen Muwu, wrote to the Nobel Prize in Physics review committee to nominate Chen Muwu as this year's candidate for his contribution to the discovery of the ninth planet in the solar system.
Of course, in Gulstrand's opinion, his reason was completely nonsense.
Because in today's academic view, astronomy is astronomy and physics is physics. The two are inseparable and cannot be confused at all.
Chen Muwu discovered a new planet. In the eyes of Rutherford, Einstein and others, it was like his own children went to the astronomy shop next door to have fun in their spare time when they were tired from studying.
Excluding cosmic rays in 1936 and stellar nuclear reactions in 1967, these two controversial physics prizes should be regarded as physics or astronomy.
The first time that astronomy could justifiably win the Nobel Prize had to wait until the invention of the radio telescope and the discovery of pulsars in 1974.
In fact, the first time could have been brought forward to 1953.
Edwin Hubble, the American astronomer who discovered the expansion of the universe and proposed Hubble's law, advocated that astronomy should be included in the scope of physics. For this reason, he hired a publicity agent to publicize the matter.
Hubble's propaganda was very effective. In 1953, after several rounds of voting, the Physics Prize Review Committee decided to award him the physics prize that year.
But in September of that year, Hubble died of a sudden cerebral hemorrhage, and the Nobel Prize is not awarded to the deceased.
…
Chen Muwu had so many important physics experiments under his name, which made Gulstrand's wish come true again.
It seems that Chen Muwu's Nobel Prize nomination can no longer be justifiably rejected. If you don't want to award this year's Nobel Prize to him, you must use some crooked thinking.
Of course, not all of the five judges on the review committee are like Gulstrand, who wears racist glasses.
The person who stood up to speak out for Chen Muwu was Xigbarn mentioned in the previous article.
As a Swedish physicist, it is normal for him to be on the Nobel Prize in Physics review committee.
It was impossible for Sigbarn to predict that he would win this year's Nobel Prize in Physics a year later.
So naturally he didn't know that if he stepped forward now and stood up for Chen Muwu, he would give up his own Nobel Prize in Physics.
Xigbarn, who was sitting on the chair, said: "Mr. Chairman, I think I can see where your anxiety lies. The reason why you are so resistant to Chen Muwu now is not because the relationship between you and him is like the relationship between you and Ai. Mr. Einstein’s academic views were inconsistent, but not because of his race and color.
"I find your present behavior to be ungentlemanly and contrary to Mr. Nobel's wishes expressed in his will that 'no consideration should be given to the nationality of the candidate for the prize, that is to say, whether he or she is The Scandinavians who are the most qualified should receive the prize, and I hereby declare that it is my urgent desire to grant the prize in this way...'
"If our current review committee cannot treat Chen Muwu, a rookie in physics, fairly and fairly, and cannot correctly evaluate his contribution to physics. Then I think I may withdraw from this review committee, and I will not rule out reporting to the news The media exposed what you did at this impromptu review meeting."
…
The Nobel Prize jury in Stockholm, Sweden, was chattering endlessly, but Chen Muwu had already boarded the evening train and arrived at King's Cross Station in a dusty atmosphere.
It's getting late, and the purchase of gifts can only be arranged until tomorrow.
As a stranger in London, in addition to finding a hotel, he currently has two places to spend the night.
The first step was naturally to go to the Republic of China's Embassy in Britain. Whether it was Zhu Zhaoxin, the charge d'affaires, or the staff member who sent Zhao Zhongyao and Shi Ruwei to Cambridge University a few days ago, they could always arrange a place for Chen Muwu to live.
The second is the residence that Lao She left to Chen Muwu at the Oriental College of the University of London when they parted ways in the port of Dover.
After a brief thought, Chen Muwu decided that he should not bother Lao She, but instead go to the embassy to spend the night.
After all, just like Chen Muwu lived in Mrs. Brown's house last year, Lao She probably also rented on the second floor of a local British family.
It was already evening, and if he went to interrupt now, he might cause unnecessary trouble to Lao She.
After hailing a taxi outside the train station, Chen Muwu went straight to Portland Street.
When he arrived at the Republic of China's Embassy in Britain, Zhu Zhaoxin's attitude could not be said to be that of demotion, but he could still be regarded as a courtesy corporal.
He did not put on any airs, but complimented Chen Muwu as soon as they met: "Hanchen, you won four gold medals in a row at the World Games in Paris, France. It really increased the prestige of our country and destroyed the foreigners." ambition. The domestic Ministry of Foreign Affairs has sent an official document some time ago. President Cao Gong was also very happy to hear the news that you won the championship. He will upgrade the two badges that were awarded to you not long ago to one level and upgrade them to Congratulations, congratulations!"
If it were placed in the former Qing Dynasty, this honorary medal would still be equivalent to a marquis.
In the Republic of China, in the first few years, we could barely follow the rules and regulations of the "Order of Honors". But then, as the rights continued to change, the speed and number of medals awarded continued to expand, and the medals became less and less valuable.
To Chen Muwu, these two medals are nothing more than two small cards.
After being polite to Zhu Zhaoxin, the two walked to an office in the legation.
After the guests and hosts were seated, a staff member served tea.
"Hanchen, I wonder why you are here here this time?"
"Mr. Ding, I really don't dare to take this seriously. Mu Wu came to London this time just to buy some personal items. It was only because it was getting late that he came to the embassy to spend the night."
Chen Muwu revealed that he wanted to buy a birthday gift for his teacher Rutherford.
His original intention was to go to Chinatown and buy a piece of Suzhou embroidery with the meaning of "songs and cranes extending longevity" and "longevity as compared to Nanshan Mountain". These good meanings could be used as birthday gifts, and they were also part of his appreciation for being a student.
After Zhu Zhaoxin heard about it, he patted his chest and promised that he would let the staff handle it and Chen Muwu would never have to worry.
The two were polite in the office for a long time. In the end, Chen Muwu couldn't hold it back and told him what happened a few days ago in a roundabout way.
"Ding Gong, I have a merciless request from this junior. Now that I have obtained a teaching position at Cambridge University, I want to do something to repay the country.
"I plan to personally fund and invite domestic students to study physics in Cambridge, and I have written a letter explaining this matter to Professor Ye Qisun of Southeast University in China."
His statement was naturally regarded as a request for credit in the ears of the charge d'affaires, who was bent on promotion and fortune.
Zhu Zhaoxin was also happy with the beauty of adulthood, and immediately expressed his attitude to Chen Muwu: "Hanchen is not only a great talent, but also a high righteousness. Zhu will send someone to send a report to the country tomorrow and let them commend you for your dedication to serving the country."
"Ding Gong, there is no need to bother. This junior does not intend to invite fame, but sincerely wants to help the development of physics in our country.
"My only request is that if there are students from China who can come to the UK in the future, I hope Ding Gong can make it easier and provide more help and support to the students."
Chen Muwu did not say that Zhao Zhongyao and Shi Ruwei had arrived in the UK, so naturally he did not mention the past conflicts between them and the staff.
But his words changed again in Zhu Zhaoxin's ears.
Cao Pi made three concessions before accepting the abdication. Chen Muwu's refusal was nothing more than retreat in exchange for advancement.
"I understand, Hanchen, then I will do as you say. When the students you invite come to the UK in the future, our embassy will definitely give us our full support!"
"Thank you Lord Ding!"
Early the next morning, Chen Muwu was still invited to have breakfast with Zhu Zhaoxin, and the embassy staff had already delivered gifts to their dining tables.
The handkerchiefs that Chen Muwu originally wanted have now turned into beautifully packaged boxes one after another.
As for what’s inside…
Chen Muwu was about to reach out and open it to take a look, but was stopped by Zhu Zhaoxin again.
"Hanchen, your teacher deserves the greatest credit for cultivating such a great scientific talent in our country. Originally, for the old man's birthday, I should also represent the government of the Republic of China and go to congratulate and express my gratitude in person. That's right. Unfortunately, the embassy is busy with official business, and I really can't get away.
"You can only give me a small gift to show your sincerity. I hope that Han ministers will not shirk it."
Yes, taking advantage of Rutherford's birthday, Zhu Zhaoxin did not forget to flatter herself.
He didn't think he was going to congratulate Rutherford on his birthday, but he just wanted to borrow flowers to offer to the Buddha.
As long as Chen Muwu can stay comfortably in the UK and continue to make more achievements in science, Zhu Zhaoxin will be able to accumulate more political capital and get along more openly with the British.
Chen Muwu did not reject Zhu Zhaoxin's "kindness". Even if these officials of the Republic of China were allowed to bleed, their money would not be so clean anyway.
He pretended to refuse and said: "Ding Gong, it's really costing you money. But these gifts are too many and too expensive. I can't bring them back to Cambridge alone. Why don't I just pick one and pass it on to my teacher?" Duke Ding’s mood has improved.”
"Hey, Han Chen, why are you so polite to me? Don't worry about how to bring the gifts back. I will arrange for a few staff members to accompany you back.
"The return ticket has been purchased. After finishing this breakfast, I will send someone to take you to the train station."
Well, Chen Muwu now feels that Zhu Zhaoxin is a little too considerate.
After finally coming to London, he also wanted to visit Lao She.
As a result, now that something like this has happened again, it seems that I will not be able to go to Oriental College, and I will have to look for opportunities later.
"Then junior, I would like to thank Mr. Ding."
Chen Muwu came in a hurry yesterday and left in a hurry today. He experienced firsthand what "special forces tourism" is.
After returning to his room at Trinity College and unpacking the gifts one by one, Chen Muwu realized how luxurious the things Zhu Zhaoxin had prepared this time were.
There is an Antarctic fairy carved from ivory, and a large blue and white vase with five blessings and longevity printed on it.
In comparison, the Suzhou embroidery of Songhe Yannian that he asked Zhu Zhaoxin to buy should be considered the cheapest item among them.
He was shocked by the generosity of the legation, and wondered if he was a little too greedy, asking for so many gifts from them.
But then he thought again, since these gifts had arrived at the embassy, even if he didn't want them, there was no reason to return them to Chinatown.
Moreover, most of these gifts were not purchased from the vendors in Chinatown at regular prices. If Chen Muwu didn't want them, the cheaper ones would still be from the people in the legation.
Thinking of this, Chen Muwu finally felt better.
He began to imagine Rutherford's behavior after seeing these gifts again, and he didn't know whether he could surpass Bohr in one fell swoop this time and become the teacher's favorite student.
…
Rutherford's birthday will not be until the end of the month. Before that, Eddington, who had not seen him for a long time, came to Trinity College in person to find Chen Muwu.
However, he came on this trip not because of astronomy, but because of the matrix mechanics and wave mechanics proposed by Chen Muwu.
It is difficult to say whether Eddington, who is the director of the Cambridge University Observatory, is a physicist. After all, he also has profound knowledge in the study of the second law of thermodynamics.
Eddington was not here to ask questions. In fact, he was not very interested in these issues, whether the electron orbit was observable or what the wave function in the wave equation was.
Eddington simply realized that the quantum mechanics established by Chen Muwu, as well as the matrix mechanics and wave mechanics proposed by Chen Muwu, seemed to be achieving great results in the future.
Just like when he wrote a popular science book after reading Einstein's general theory of relativity during World War I, Eddington's addiction to popular science has come back again this time.
He came here this time to discuss with Chen Muwu whether he could write a popular science book on quantum mechanics and introduce to science enthusiasts the recent major progress made by physics in the microscopic world.
Like Ramsey of the Apostolic Society, Eddington was also the chief wrangler of his class at Trinity College, the one with the best math scores.
Chen Muwu had no doubt whether his mathematical skills could successfully write this popular science book, so he decisively agreed to Eddington's request.
It's just none of Chen Muwu's business how well his popular science book sells after it's written.
…
In Berlin, Germany, which is not too far away, Chen Muwu and Einstein, Eddington's good friend, have not been enjoying themselves recently.
The reason that made him upset was still Chen Muwu's previous and subsequent papers.
Einstein couldn't understand why the Chinese genius who had always been in the same trench as himself, from photon theory to Chen Statistics in quantum statistics, had become more and more deviant recently.
He just brought up the fact that electron orbits are unobservable. After all, he had used Mach's philosophical theory in the theory of relativity before.
But why did he put forward such an unreasonable explanation for the wave equation he proposed not long ago in a paper recently published in the journal Nature?
Although the explanation of probability waves looks very similar to the ghost field that I introduced more than ten years ago to explain the wave nature of light quanta, I have already abandoned that theory long ago!
Why did he pick up the ghost farm again, package it, and put it on the electronics?
The more Einstein thought about it, the more absurd he felt this theory became, so angrily, he walked to his desk, picked up a pen and wrote a letter to Chen Muwu that would go down in the history of physics in the future.
I'm a few minutes late today, sorry.
(End of chapter)
