While Chen Muwu was working hard in the Cavendish Laboratory, the new issue of "Nature" weekly had quietly gone on the market.
Different people have different views on Chen Muwu's paper on "Chen Exclusion Principle" plus "Electron Spin" published above.
Like Lorenz, Bohr had long heard of this conjecture of semi-quantum numbers. Not only had he read the papers published by Land, but Sommerfeld had also written to him a few years ago.
Sommerfeld introduced that he had a student named Heisenberg. When he was reading early papers, he believed that if a half-integer was introduced into the quantum numbers, the theoretical problems caused by the anomalous Zeeman effect could be solved.
I heard Sommerfeld said that this Heisenberg was also a genius. Like Sommerfeld's former student and his former assistant Pauli, he received his doctorate directly after entering university for three years.
After Kramers left, Bohr, who was currently short of an assistant, extended his claws to Heisenberg in Germany.
In March of this year, Bohr invited Heisenberg, who had already obtained a doctorate, to come to Copenhagen during his vacation and took him with him to hike in the Danish forest for three days.
During this excursion, Bohr showed the side of a mentor and helpful friend.
Not only did he take Heisenberg to visit the legendary palace where Hamlet lived, but he also talked freely with the young man about everything in heaven and earth.
Bohr also had an annoying thing recently, that is, the Institute of Theoretical Physics building that was built a few years ago has no empty rooms as the number of students continues to increase.
He obtained another sum of money from the Carlsberg Foundation and took over a vacant land next to the institute to prepare for an expansion of the institute.
Therefore, he had to stay in Copenhagen throughout the spring to supervise the work, and therefore was unable to attend the Solvay Conference in Brussels at the end of April.
This excursion with Heisenberg could be described as "three days of leisure" for him, allowing Bohr to temporarily relax from the pressure of construction site supervision.
It was this excursion that made Bohr decide that Heisenberg was a good assistant candidate. He decided to help Heisenberg apply for a scholarship to let him do research in Copenhagen.
Bohr's invitation made Heisenberg, who was in Germany, the center of the economic depression, also very happy.
As long as he gets a sum of money from Bohr, in addition to his own daily expenses, he should be able to support the rest of his family.
A few days after sending Heisenberg away and letting him pack his luggage back to Germany, Bohr received the latest issue of the journal Nature.
After reading Chen Muwu's paper from beginning to end, he realized that the fourth quantum number was not a half-integer, but only two numbers, one-half and negative one-half.
Although there had been some unpleasantness between Bohr and Chen Muwu regarding the particle nature of light.
But Bohr now felt that his junior brother, whom he had never met before, was simply his greatest blessing.
Chen Muwu first proposed that electrons are wavelike, and gave a perfect explanation to several assumptions in the atomic model he proposed.
Then, now he proposed a fourth quantum number and explained it, further improving the explanation of electron orbits in the atomic model.
Bohr felt that although Chen Muwu was now a student in the Cavendish Laboratory, his theoretical achievements were far superior to his experimental discoveries.
Other experimentalists discover a phenomenon by accident and repeat almost the same work every day, just to summarize a pattern, and then hope to find a corresponding explanation for this pattern.
But Chen Muwu is different. He basically puts theory first every time. Even if he occasionally does a few experiments, these experiments are just for the sake of theory.
Bohr felt that Chen Muwu was really underestimating his talents by following his teacher Rutherford and staying in Cavendish's laboratory.
He considered whether he should wield his little hoe and dig his direct junior brother into the Institute of Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen?
But this time Bohr still only accepted half of Chen Muwu's paper.
He believed that the proposed fourth quantum number to explain atomic orbits was shrewd, but the concept of electron spin was stupid.
If electrons really have spin, wouldn't the linear velocity on its surface exceed the speed of light?
Bohr did not attend the Solvay Conference, and Chen Muwu was too lazy to include the relativistic explanation of electron spin in his paper because he was writing on the ship.
So this made him make the same mistake as Lorenz did at the meeting.
But this time, fortunately, Bohr did not act impulsively and cause an incident similar to the BKS paper, publicly refuting Chen Muwu's theory in the magazine.
He chose to pick up his pen and write a letter to Chen Muwu. He tactfully mentioned in the text of the letter that he discovered a "small" error in his paper.
…
Pauli also held the same view as Bohr.
When he received the new issue of Nature magazine, Pauli was still immersed in sadness after watching the movie.
He was a Chaplin fan, so when he heard that his idol's new movie would be shown in a nearby theater, Pauli couldn't wait to go see one.
As a result, not only did Chaplin not appear in the film "A Woman from Paris" produced by United Artists, but he only acted as director, it was also a rare tragedy of the Chaplin family.
Although it had been two days since he watched the movie, Pauli still couldn't get over that emotion.
So when he finished reading Chen Muwu's paper, he completely ignored the first half of the paper, which was originally supposed to be named after him and belonged to his own theory.
Instead, it fired directly at the electron spin in the second half.
Pauli was very opposed to this seemingly absurd theory. He never believed that electrons had intrinsic angular momentum, and he never wanted to retain any classical concepts in quantum theory.
Although he once served as Bohr's assistant in Copenhagen, Denmark, Pauli never agreed with Bohr's old semi-classical and semi-quantum quantum theory.
He even complained about Bohr's theory as "the heresy from Copenhagen" in a private letter to a friend.
As for Chen Muwu's paper in the journal "Nature", Pauli even picked up his pen and wrote in the margin of the paper "This idea is very clever, but nature cannot be like this, NEW".
"NEW" does not mean new, but is the abbreviation of "Not Even Wrong".
In addition to pride, one of Pauli's characteristics was his sharp tongue.
If he says to you, "Oh, there's nothing wrong with that," he's not mocking you, he's complimenting you.
Pauli also divided criticism of others into three levels: "Wrong" (wrong), "Very Wrong" (very wrong) and "Not Even Wrong" (not even a mistake).
The score given to Chen Muwu's paper was just the last.
Putting down the "Nature" journal, the proud "Whip of God" smiled.
They also said that Chen Muwu was some kind of Chinese genius, but now it seems that he is nothing more than mediocre!
Einstein's vision was as good as, or even inferior to, his physics level.
Pauli always thought that he was smarter than Einstein when he was a child, so he always thought that Einstein was inferior to him.
In his heart, there were only two and a half people who could be respected by Pauli.
One is his teacher Sommerfeld, and the other is Bohr in Copenhagen.
The remaining half was another student of Sommerfeld's, his junior fellow student.
…
However, Pauli's younger brother and Bohr's upcoming new assistant, Heisenberg, became interested in Chen Muwu's paper.
He even wrote a letter to Chen Muwu in the Cavendish Laboratory, expressing his approval of the exclusion principle and electron spin theory.
He also believes that being able to use electron spin and orbital coupling to explain the fourth quantum number is a very great work.
But Heisenberg didn't understand how to use this spin theory to explain the extra factor 2 in the double-line formula.
…
While the two letters from Bohr and Heisenberg were still floating on the postal road, Chen Muwu and Kapitsa had already completed the Schiff-Ger experiment using ground-state hydrogen atoms.
It’s really cool to do this experiment where you don’t have to design it yourself, you just need to improve on the previous ones.
And no matter how poor the Cavendish Laboratory is, it is still richer than the Germany where Stern and Gerlach worked two years ago.
Now that the experiment has achieved the expected results, Chen Muwu's next work is to complete this graduation thesis independently.
Before, Best came to the laboratory almost every day to find Chen Muwu and asked him to find time to swim in the Kang River to warm up.
Kapitsa also advised him to go and just stay and stare at the vacuum pump. After all, this machine was the most time-consuming part of the entire experiment.
But after all, this was Chen's own graduation project. It was really inappropriate to just leave and become the boss. Therefore, Chen Muwu always refused Best's invitation again and again.
As a result, Best, who was unwilling to give up, rushed to Chen Muwu's place every day before work ended at 6 o'clock in the Cavendish Laboratory to monitor the progress of his experiments in real time.
Chen Muwu is the only face of their Cambridge University Swimming and Water Polo Club this year, so there must be no chance of any accidents happening.
Although Chen Muwu regretted it, there was nothing he could do about it.
Because at the beginning, he took the initiative to join the Cambridge University Swimming Club, just for the one hundred pounds athlete scholarship.
But now it is different from the past. He can spend four thousand pounds to set up a publishing house. After getting used to spending money lavishly, he no longer takes this one hundred pounds seriously.
But he had already promised Best before, and it was hard for him to change his mind and refuse.
A few days later, Chen Muwu finally completed the hydrogen atom experiment, and he had no reason to escape.
Chen Muwu could only follow Best and go to the Cam River to warm up three days before the competition.
(End of chapter)
