Once people get older, it is easy to feel sad and miss the past.
Old Bragg is actually nine years older than Rutherford, and he is also an old man in his sixties this year.
Chen Muwu abided by the traditional Chinese virtue of respecting the elderly and caring for the young. He looked very polite and listened carefully to his teachings.
Until, after a period of feeling that British physics was not as good as before, Old Bragg said the following words to him.
"Chen, this year, I plan to write to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to nominate you for this year's Nobel Prize in Physics.
"I think, whether it is the scattering of gamma rays or visible light, or designing experiments to verify the conclusion that electrons are wavelike, it is worthy of getting you a Nobel Prize in Physics, and even one is not enough. If your experiment is slightly If you do it slower, maybe you can get a second or third one..."
Old Prague had a very deep understanding of the Nobel Prize. He only mentioned Chen Muwu's experimental achievements, but never mentioned the various theories he had developed.
This is because although the Nobel Prizes in 1921 and 1922 were awarded to theoretical physicists Einstein and Bohr respectively, the next time the Nobel Prize is awarded to a theoretical physicist in the original space and time, it will have to wait until Davidson-Gemert in the original time and space. After he and Thomson used experiments to prove the wave nature of electrons, the Nobel Prize judges allowed de Broglie to accept the physics prize based on the matter wave theory.
The same is true for the three giants of Heisenberg, Schrödinger and Dirac. If the positron predicted by Dirac in his equations had not been accidentally discovered by Anderson in the United States, the three of them would have just relied on the theory of a few matrices or equations. It is absolutely impossible to win the Nobel Prize in Physics.
But Chen Muwu has no time to think about which is more important, theory or experiment, because just now, the first sentence that Old Bragg said at the end has deeply shocked him.
Are you going to be nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics?
It’s not like Chen Muwu never thought he could win the Nobel Prize.
In his last calculation, he was likely to win the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1927, which was the one that replaced Compton in the original space and time.
How come now, more than three years ahead of schedule, he has been nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics?
This really made Chen Muwu feel a little incredible.
However, if you think about it more carefully, Compton won the prize not because the theory he proposed explained the scattering of gamma rays, but because he found the recoiled electrons in the cloud chamber and experimentally proved that light does Particle nature.
And now I have not only used experiments to prove the particle nature of light, but also used experiments to prove the wave nature of electrons, plus an experiment on visible light scattering. These three major experiments have basically been able to fully satisfy the Nobel Prize jury at this time. Chairman Alva's academic aesthetic.
"Thank you, thank you Sir. It is an honor for me to receive your nomination."
Chen Muwu never forgot to express his gratitude to Old Prague.
However, he also thought that if he wanted to compete for the award this year, in addition to Old Prague's nomination, should he also give a hint to several other previous winners who could nominate to the jury?
But would doing so make him appear too utilitarian?
…
In addition to Old Prague, Chen Muwu also met Bridgeman who came from the United States.
Basically, as soon as he arrived at the venue, he greeted the famous seniors and then went straight to Chen Muwu.
Because he once had a Chinese doctoral student under his command, he did not have any prejudice against Chen Muwu, who was also Chinese, but was very enthusiastic.
After a while of polite greetings, Bridgeman told Chen Muwu that many physics colleagues in the United States wanted to meet him, especially his big boss in the Harvard laboratory, Professor Du An.
Because of Chen Muwu's first paper published at the beginning of last year, although Compton scolded him, Du An had to agree with Chen Muwu's theory after repeating the scattering experiment.
Moreover, Chen Muwu's discovery of the Yellow Emperor's Star at the beginning of this year also set off a stargazing craze in the United States.
While people are enjoying Coolidge's prosperity, many families are willing to spend a few dollars to buy a telescope with a low magnification for their children, so that they can experience the influence of astronomy from an early age.
Bridgman very much welcomed Chen Muwu's study visit to the United States and hoped that he could retract his statement in Time magazine.
Chen Muwu felt that Bridgman, who had always been in the ivory tower, had wrong feelings based only on the polite and personable Chinese students he saw in college. He might not know how the world today views Chinese people. .
But he didn't want to say a few more words to correct his opinion, so he had to laugh and laugh at Bridgeman's words.
…
The venue was basically filled with highly respected physicists, and there were not many young people.
In addition to the trio of Chen Muwu, Blackett and de Broglie who came from Cambridge, and the younger Brillouin, the son of the Brillouin father and son, who came to Belgium with them from France, there was also a man from Switzerland. The youngest people come from Zurich.
At first, because of their age, the group did not even think of saying hello to this young physics colleague. Instead, they gathered around Madame Curie and wanted to be introduced by de Broglie, who was just like Rutherford. The founder of radioactive physics says hello.
Chen Muwu stared at the notebook on the table in front of Madame Curie, and suddenly thought of a popular science article that said that the notebook used by Madame Curie in the laboratory was still radioactive after more than a thousand years.
When he was wondering whether to wait for the adjournment of the meeting, he should remind Madame Curie that she must take personal protection when doing experiments again.
Or simply apply to give a speech at the conference and briefly describe the dangers of radioactive materials to the human body to colleagues in physics?
Not only did Marie Curie suffer from regenerative anemia due to radioactivity, but her teacher Rutherford also died young when he was still in his prime.
Although Chen Muwu couldn't remember clearly whether Rutherford was suffering from radiation or excessive smoking.
…
After Lorenz, the chairman of the conference, delivered the opening speech of this Solvay Conference, he began to invite the participants to come to the stage to speak.
Because the meeting schedule is very tight, everyone's speaking time is limited to no more than twenty minutes, and then another twenty to thirty minutes are allocated for discussion by everyone on site.
After Lorenz's introduction, Chen Muwu learned that the peer who was a few years older than them in the morning was actually Schrödinger from the University of Zurich. He had won the first prize in 1911 with de Broglie's brother Maurice. The same office held at a Solvay meeting, will serve as clerk at this meeting.
After the meeting is adjourned, should we also go up and ask this cat abuse master whether he has a cat or not?
…
Within the first two days of the meeting, the proceedings of the meeting were very serious, following the theme of the meeting. Many people came on stage to talk about their discoveries on metal conductivity.
At this time, more than ten years have passed since Professor Kamerlin Onnes of Leiden University discovered the phenomenon of superconductivity in 1911.
Therefore, most of these lectures are about the superconducting phenomena and temperatures of various metal elements and alloys.
Chen Muwu was actually not very interested in these things. After he wrote down a phrase like "Meissner Effect" in his notebook, which seemed unclear to others, he continued to hide in a corner of the venue, polishing his plans for the meeting. The paper was read.
The reason why he didn't sit with his teacher was not because Rutherford was sitting in the center of the venue with all kinds of big shots gathered around him, but mainly because these people liked to take a few cigarettes and discuss in a group. At that time, the area in the venue was always filled with fairy spirit, as if entering the heavenly palace of the Jade Emperor.
The place where Chen Muwu is staying is not only far away from the center of clouds and fog, but also has a certain amount of air circulation, keeping him as far away from tar and nicotine as possible.
…
Starting from the morning of the third day of this meeting, the content of the meeting is no longer limited to the issue of metal conductivity, but allows everyone to speak and discuss freely.
That afternoon, Chen Muwu finally got his 20-minute opportunity to speak on stage.
Because he had already met most of the physicists present on the morning of the first day, Chen Muwu's reappearance did not cause much surprise to the audience.
Although time was tight, Chen Muwu still spent the first few minutes reminding colleagues that they must take personal protection when doing radioactive experiments in the future.
He didn't expect everyone in the audience to listen to what he said, but as long as one person listened to what he said and could make corresponding improvements and precautions after returning to the laboratory, then his move would have been in vain. .
After saying this, Chen Muwu got to the point.
"Ladies and gentlemen, more than half a month before I came to Brussels, I followed my classmate Stoner in the Cavendish Laboratory to do research on the outer electron shell and orbit of the atomic nucleus. experiment.
His paper based on the experimental results will be published in the "Transactions of the Natural Science" next month. Regarding the content of this experiment, I will briefly describe it here:...
"...
"Why can there be a maximum of 2 (2L+1) electrons in an electron subshell, but only a maximum of (2L+1) orbitals? I think I have found an answer.
"That is to add a fourth quantum number on the basis of the three quantum numbers n, the principal quantum number n proposed by Bohr, and the angular quantum number l and magnetic quantum number m proposed by Sommerfeld.
In an atom, there can never be two or more electrons of the same family. For them, all their quantum numbers are equal in the external field. If an electron appears in an atom and their quantum numbers have definite values in the external field, then this state is said to be occupied.
"This was inspired by the atomic solar system model proposed by my teacher Rutherford..."
Chen Muwu, who took the stage to speak, still did not forget to flatter his teacher.
"...Although this model has been replaced by the more advanced Bohr model, I was inspired by the fact that the earth rotates on its own axis while orbiting the sun."
"I compare the electrons outside the nucleus to the earth, and I think this fourth quantum number should be the spin of the electron."
(End of chapter)
