Planck didn’t know why this Cavendish Laboratory paper in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences happened to appear after Bohr’s paper.
But he knew that he had not followed Einstein's advice and invited Chen Muwu to study at Humboldt University in Berlin. It was the biggest mistake he had made this year to let go of this amazing boy from China who published two papers in one month. thing.
Planck was also a patriot in science. He once said, "Even if the enemy deprives our motherland of its defense power, even if a crisis is happening before our eyes, or even a more serious crisis is coming, one thing remains. What neither domestic nor foreign enemies can take away from us is the position of German science in the world. Our first task is to preserve this position and, if necessary, defend it at all costs."
So when he saw Chen Muwu being overtaken by Cambridge University, he felt a little unhappy.
This little unpleasantness is just an episode in Planck's recent life.
He is currently facing a bigger trouble, but after seeing Chen Muwu's name in the "Transactions of the Natural Sciences", Planck felt that he seemed to have found a solution to the problem.
He thought for a while, picked up a pen and wrote a short message to Chen Muwu, and asked his secretary to put it in an envelope, put a stamp on it, and send it to the University of Cambridge in England.
…
The spring semester ended and midsummer arrived. Rutherford also left the Cavendish Laboratory where he had been staying for two months, and took his family to the seaside in Cornwall, a British resort, to enjoy a leisurely summer vacation. .
Bohr sent his paper on the BKS theory directly to the Royal Society's "Transactions of the Natural Sciences".
Perhaps out of guilt, he did not write a letter to tell his teacher Rutherford about this paper.
So when Rutherford, who was far away at the seaside, received the journal forwarded from Cambridge University, he discovered that it contained this magnificent work by his most proud disciple.
He saw this paper a few days later than Planck in Germany.
Rutherford knew that several young people in the Cavendish Laboratory had not been doing their own jobs some time ago, but were tinkering with using a cloud chamber to take pictures of recoiled electrons.
Because this experiment was proposed by Chen Muwu, Rutherford turned a blind eye to it.
After all, Chen came all the way from China to the UK, and it was understandable that he wanted to repeat the experiment he designed.
But Rutherford never expected that Bohr would hit the muzzle of Chen Muwu's gun this time, and would be hit completely by the recoil electrons ejected from the gun.
The palms and backs of his hands were full of flesh, and Rutherford really couldn't say anything.
After thinking for a while, he could only write a letter to Bolshoi to comfort his beloved disciple who had been humiliated this time.
…
On the evening of July 11th, Gothenburg, Sweden.
The celebration meeting for the 300th anniversary of the founding of the city of Gothenburg is being held in the auditorium of the city hall. The scale of this celebration is so large that even King Gustaf V of Sweden rushed to the meeting in Gothenburg from Stockholm in person.
But the protagonist today is not a citizen of Gothenburg, nor the king, the head of state, but a man who has just finished a series of lecture visits in East Asia, Palestine and Spain, and was invited to Gothenburg to attend the Nordic Naturalists Conference. Einstein.
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences does not dare to neglect the world's most famous physicist.
They invited Einstein to the City Hall to attend this event, and decided to award him the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics again.
The King of Sweden rushed to Gothenburg today largely because he wanted to attend the award ceremony.
It may be because the results of the total solar eclipse observed by the American astronomer Campbell in Australia last year were much more accurate than those observed by Eddington in 1919. Moreover, his results irrefutably proved that the general theory of relativity predicts that gravity causes light to deflect. Correctness of folding.
So this time, the Nobel Prize jury finally nodded and allowed Einstein to talk about the theory of relativity in his speech.
So in front of a large audience and the King of Sweden, Einstein stepped onto the stage of the city hall and gave a speech entitled "Basic Ideas and Problems of the Theory of Relativity".
Regardless of whether everyone in the audience understood it or not, they all applauded Einstein without hesitation after the speech.
In the next few minutes of free question time, someone mentioned Chen Muwu again.
The craze for time travel may have gradually dissipated in the UK due to the passage of time, but in Sweden, which is located in a remote area of Europe, it is still on the rise.
The audience in the auditorium of the auditorium came from all walks of life, and the questions they asked were far less professional than the group of reporters who had prepared questions in advance when Einstein was in Spain.
Therefore, he dealt with this kind of question very easily, until a professor from the University of Gothenburg raised his hand to ask a question.
"Dr. Einstein, what do you think of the paper published by Professor Bohr from Copenhagen, Denmark in the latest issue of "Transactions of the Natural Sciences"?"
No one knew whether the professor was sincere in his question or just wanted to make someone angry.
After all, at last year's Nobel Prize ceremony, Bohr severely criticized Einstein's light quantum theory.
"I'm sorry, I haven't read this paper yet. Can you briefly tell me what is the central idea of this paper?"
Einstein, who returned from the Far East, has recently traveled around various countries on the European continent. Not to mention the latest physics journals, Einstein even returned the copy of the paper that Bohr sent him after writing the BKS paper. Did not receive.
"Professor Bohr said in the paper that he had found a new theory that could explain the scattering effect of gamma rays while denying the existence of photons.
"His new theory believes that the law of conservation of energy and the law of conservation of momentum do not apply at the atomic scale. These two conservation laws in classical physics are just the result of the statistical average of a large number of particles."
absurd.
This was Einstein's first reaction after listening to the brief description of the people in the audience.
In order to maintain the orthodoxy of electrodynamics, he abandoned the conservation of energy and momentum. Einstein wondered whether Bohr's brain was damaged by a football flying at high speed while guarding the goal on the football field.
Or was it the gibberish recorded by his assistant after he drank too much Carlsberg beer and was not clear-headed?
After sorting out his thoughts, Einstein said: "Well, sir, I think the conclusion proposed by Bohr is quite arbitrary, and even makes me feel a little disgusted. If his theory is proven to be true, then I would rather I don’t want to go back to my hometown to be a shoe repairman or work as an employee in a casino, but I don’t want to be a physicist anymore!”
"Doctor, you are very lucky. There will not be one more shoe repairman or casino worker in the world, and the world of physics will not be missing a great figure like you, because someone has already confirmed Botany with irrefutable experimental phenomena. How absurd is your theory."
After the celebration, Einstein received his Nobel Prize.
This huge amount of money totaled more than 120,000 Swedish kronor, which was about 32,000 U.S. dollars when converted into U.S. dollars. It could basically cover the ten-year salary of an ordinary university professor.
But the complete Nobel Prize bonus only stayed in his hands for one night, because early the next morning, Einstein transferred all of this huge sum of money (some say it was only part of the bonus) to his ex-wife Mileva. in an account opened in a Swiss bank.
After leaving Gothenburg, Einstein turned to sea. After nearly a day of sailing, the ship arrived in the Danish port city of Helsingør that afternoon.
Einstein abandoned ship here and went to the train station to change trains.
After sitting on the rails for more than an hour, he finally arrived at his destination, Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark.
Copenhagen, located between Gothenburg and Berlin, was Einstein's only way home.
He came here not only to rest and stay, but also to visit an old friend whom he had only met once, but whom he had known for a long time.
Bohr arrived outside the train station early, and people waiting to get off the train poured out of the exit. As a tall man, he spotted Einstein in the crowd at a glance, with some fluffy and curly hair and a trademark beard.
"Doctor, I'm here!" Bohr waved to Einstein.
Apparently Einstein had also seen him and walked quickly towards Bohr with a smile.
Throughout July, or rather since the receipt of the July issue of "Transactions on Natural Philosophy," Bohr suddenly encountered many ups and downs in his life.
He also didn't expect that the Cavendish Laboratory, which he and his teacher Rutherford ran, would actually run into a paper.
Moreover, the papers of these three junior brothers hit the nail on the head of his BKS theory.
I had just mentioned in my paper that the conservation of momentum and energy did not apply under microscopic conditions, and my fellow students found conclusive evidence that momentum and energy were equally conserved within the atomic range.
In this way, not only did his thesis become a joke, but the particle nature of light that he had always resisted has become a definite fact!
Bohr lowered his always proud head like a defeated man.
He wrote to the Royal Society overnight, whimsically asking whether the paper published in the July issue of the Natural Philosophical Transactions could be withdrawn.
However, "the house leaked and it rained all night". Perhaps due to the shock, Bohr's assistant, Kramers, who was under great pressure, suddenly suffered from depression and was once again admitted to the ward of Copenhagen University Hospital.
His wife submitted her resignation to Bohr, the director of the Institute of Theoretical Physics, on behalf of her husband. As soon as Kramers was discharged from the hospital, the family would leave Copenhagen and return to Leiden University in the Netherlands.
Although Bohr was reluctant to part with him on the surface, he couldn't help but murmur in his heart: The Dutch's ability to withstand pressure is really not good, and he now misses his other assistant, Wolfgang Pauli.
The down-to-earth and hard-working Germans left a deep impression on Bohr. Taking advantage of the crazy depreciation of the German mark, could he go to Germany to find a few smart students and use his reputation and wisdom to fool them? What about Copenhagen?
As for Slater, another young man from Harvard in the United States, Bohr had already been relegated to the sidelines.
Anyway, as soon as the one-year gilding trip to Europe is over, he can return to the United States and get an associate professor position at a good university.
He shouldn't bother me, and I won't bother him either. Let's keep it to ourselves and keep it this way until the end of time.
(End of chapter)
