Zurich, Switzerland.
In 1914, when Einstein was invited by Planck and Nernst to leave his alma mater, the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, and teach at the Humboldt University in Berlin, the post of professor of theoretical physics he once held was replaced by Peter Einstein. Debye took over.
Debye was a student of Sommerfeld, and he stayed in this position for ten years.
Last month, he received the January "Annals of Physics" and had already noticed Chen Muwu's paper.
Debye found this theory very interesting, and then he started from the radiation quantum theory proposed by his predecessor Einstein in his 1917 paper "On the Quantum Theory of Radiation", and used another method to derive the same theory as Chen Muwu. Scattering formula.
Debye took the paper and his own derivation to find an experimental physicist at the school and asked him to design an experiment for verification.
But a few days later, Debye received the February issue of "Transactions of the Natural Sciences", which not only reappeared Chen Muwu's paper, but also the experimental verification results of the Cavendish Laboratory.
This scattering formula was indeed confirmed by experiments!
So Debye slowly wrote a paper and sent it to Professor Planck's desk in the editorial office of Berlin's "Annals of Physics".
…
Of course, not everyone will start to change their minds about Chen Muwu's scattering theory after reading the preliminary experimental results published by Rutherford, and then try to accept it.
The wave theory, which has been experimentally verified for one or two hundred years, has been deeply implanted in the minds of physicists. Physics sages such as Huygens and Fresnel still have a large number of loyal believers.
When the February "Acta Natural Sciences" docked at the Baltic Sea pier with the mail ship and was delivered to an office at the University of Copenhagen, who would have thought that Niels, the new Nobel Prize winner in physics at the end of last year Bohr, would he get angry after reading the experimental report published by his teacher?
In 1911, after Niels Bohr obtained his doctorate from the University of Copenhagen, he crossed the ocean and came to England.
He first went to the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge chaired by J.J. Thomson. A few months later, he moved to Manchester and entered the laboratory chaired by Rutherford at the University of Manchester.
From 1911 to 1916, Bohr spent five years in Manchester.
During these five years, Rutherford became Bohr's most respected person.
Although he was only fourteen years older than him, Bohr not only regarded Rutherford as his mentor, but also regarded him as a loving father.
Rutherford's laboratory in Manchester has also become the holy place that Bohr most admired, because in this laboratory, there is always a group of energetic young people coming and going.
Among them are George Darwin (the second son of Charles Darwin, author of "The Origin of Species") who comes from a family of prominent scholars, some are traditional nobles, and some are blue-collar kids from the bottom of life...
These young people come from different countries and cultural backgrounds, and have different levels of wealth and status.
But in that laboratory, under Rutherford's high voice and hearty laughter, there was no difference or barrier between them. Everyone lived in harmony and worked together to delve into the mysteries of science and seek the next breakthrough.
It was this atmosphere in the Rutherford Laboratory at the University of Manchester that deeply influenced Bohr.
He feels that although his country, Denmark, is located in Europe, if the two world academic centers of Britain and Germany are compared to polite gentlemen, then Denmark's scientific level is basically equivalent to that of savages in a foreign land.
In order to improve the academic level of his country and promote the country's scientific and technological development, he must imitate his teacher Rutherford and build a similar scientific paradise in Denmark based on the laboratory in Manchester. , cultivating batch after batch of fresh blood for the country’s scientific research.
After returning from Manchester, Bohr entered his alma mater, the University of Copenhagen, and took the position of professor of theoretical physics.
But he was never satisfied with the university professorship he held, because Bohr always had a bigger dream in his heart.
A few years ago, a paper by Sommerfeld successfully demonstrated the value of Bohr's atomic model, which raised the international reputation of Bohr, a Dane who had just become famous in academic circles, to a higher level.
Taking advantage of this strong east wind, Bohr successfully obtained approval from the school. He then persuaded the city government to provide the site and won substantial funding from the Carlsberg Foundation.
Yes, that's the Carlsberg that sells beer.
Carlsberg became a millionaire in Denmark by selling beer. Before his death, he gave part of his inheritance to the Danish government and requested that the money be given to Danish scholars to fund their academic research.
After obtaining the land and funds, Bohr was finally able to realize his dream and build an "Institute of Theoretical Physics at the University of Copenhagen".
For this dream institute, he worked hard and even took the trouble to design the institute's building himself.
But this also caused a little trouble, because just like the process of Bohr dictating papers, he often changed his mind and changed his drafts, so that the construction project was delayed for more than a year, and it was not until the beginning of the year before last that the entire building was officially put into use.
After the house was built, enrollment became an urgent problem to be solved.
Not to mention attracting foreign students, even domestic students have some doubts about Copenhagen's ability.
The children of wealthy families in Denmark are more willing to go to Germany and the British Isles on the European continent to receive the most advanced scientific education than to study in the capital.
But at this moment, Bohr's fortune turned again. Because just at the end of last year, he won the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Today, Bohr can be said to have both fame and fortune, and unlimited glory.
This morning, as usual, he walked out of the house after breakfast and came to his office in the institute.
The secretary who went to work early had already placed the February issue of "Transactions of the Natural Science" on Bohr's desk.
Bohr took out the pipe he carried with him, filled it with new tobacco, struck a match and lit it. After taking a deep breath, he picked up the pipe that his secretary had placed on his desk early this morning. I casually browsed the "Journal of Natural Science" in February.
In the directory, he saw the name of his mentor Rutherford.
But above the teacher's name, he saw the Chinese man again, Chen.
Bohr had already read Chen Muwu's paper in last month's "Annals of Physics".
Bohr scoffed at the idea of light quanta proposed in it.
Quantum of light? Another photon?
What I am fighting is light quantum!
