There was a consensus in Europe that war was going to happen between Portugal and Spain, and that war was inevitable.
However, Portugal and Spain did not go to war quickly. The main reason for this was that it took time for Portugal to complete its military mobilization, and Spain had the same reason. At the same time, Spain still had a glimmer of hope that the peace talks would succeed.
While everyone speculates when Portugal and Spain will go to war, Italy steals the headlines.
The bombshell news that Italy declared war on Ottoman Turkey grabbed the attention of Europe, and temporarily pushed the Spanish-Portuguese conflict and the second Moroccan crisis out of the spotlight.
Compared to slow negotiations, a fierce and confrontational war is more attractive.
On September 28, 1911, the Italian government issued an ultimatum to Turkey on the pretext that its interests in Tripoli and Cyrenaica had been violated, requiring Turkey to agree to its entry into Tripoli.
Faced with Italy's unreasonable demands, Ottoman Turkey chose to refuse. Italy, which was rejected, stopped acting and formally declared war on Ottoman Turkey the next day.
Because the Italian government had been well prepared, Italian troops appeared off the coast of Tripoli on the evening of September 28, 1911, but the real attack did not begin until October 3, 1911, when they began bombarding the port.
No one knows what happened to the Italian army during this period. It could obviously attack quickly, but it wasted so much time. However, under the matching mechanism of the African region, Italy was still a little higher. Then the city was destroyed by 1500 people. The Italian army occupied it.
When the news of the Italian occupation of Ripoli was sent back to Rome, the enthusiasm of the Italians who were keen to expand their colonies was high. They were proud of it and looked forward to greater victories.
After the Turkish army captured Tripoli by the Italian army, it was determined to defend its province.
However, the Turkish army did not concentrate all its troops for a decisive battle, but spread out in all directions to harass the Italian army. On the diplomatic front Turkish government officials continue to travel throughout Europe to express their wishes. They organized the local Arabs and Bedouins to mount a defense against the Italian invasion.
However, the Turkish army waited for a long time, and only on October 10th did the Italian landing troops appear in large numbers (the ⅹ1 Revolution officially broke out the day before).
After the arrival of the main Italian army, all countries believed that the Italian contingent of 20,000 men was considered sufficient to complete the conquest. Because the local Ottoman army only had one division with more than 7,000 troops, it not only lacked weapons and ammunition, but was also mainly scattered in various cities and ports. Moreover, most of the people in this division are from the mainland and are unwilling to fight in North Africa far away from the mainland. Therefore, the will to fight is generally low, and they will be defeated in the face of the modern army carefully selected from Italy.
When attacking Tobruk, Beda, Sirte and other cities, the Italian army performed at a normal level in line with European expectations.
But Italy’s crotch stretching will always catch you off guard.
On October 19, the Italian fleet covered an infantry division landing in Benghazi. After two days of fierce fighting, the city was captured. Faced with the situation of people occupying all the major cities along the coast, the Italian army began to make mistakes.
On October 23, 1911, a force (about 1,500 men) deployed outside Benghazi was almost completely surrounded by mobile Arab cavalry.
These local armed forces who resisted Italy, led by the regular troops of the Ottoman Empire, severely damaged this army. This attack was portrayed by the Italian media as a simple resistance, but the actual situation was that in this battle, the Ottoman Turkey almost completely annihilated this army. Support the Italian army.
As the war continued, the Italian North African Corps expanded to 100,000 people, while the Ottoman Empire, the other side in the war, had only 20,000 Arab tribal armed forces and 8,000 Turkish troops.
In this Italian-Turkish war, many new weapons appeared, among which the role of aircraft in this war attracted the most attention.
Among the armies of both sides, Turkey has no aircraft, while Italy has about 20 military aircraft and more than 30 pilots, including the Italian Army's First Aircraft Company. The Italian Army mobilized 9 aircraft and 11 pilots to participate in the battle. The planes were packed and shipped to the Gulf of Tripoli on October 15.
From 6:19 to 7:20 on the 23rd, the captain, Captain Piazza, flew a Brillo XI aircraft to conduct reconnaissance over the Turkish army positions between Tripoli and Azizia for more than an hour. This marked the beginning of aircraft participation in the war.
On the 25th, when deputy captain Mo Yinzuo flew a "Newport" aircraft for reconnaissance, the wing was wounded by three rifle bullets. This was the first time that the aircraft was damaged by enemy ground fire.
On November 1, Lieutenant Gavoti flew a "Dove" aircraft and dropped four 2-kg "Sipelli" grenades on Turkish army positions in the Tajira Oasis and Ain Zara areas of North Africa, which became a historic incident. First bombing.
However, this bombing was a bit disgraceful, because afterwards Turkey accused Italy of committing the crime of bombing the hospital.
Although these aircraft did not perform very well in the war, all countries can see their huge role in the future. In this case, countries without manufacturing capabilities choose to purchase them, and those with the ability to step up the development of practical aircraft.
Portugal, on the other hand, started relatively early, with the earliest foundation laid when Tang Ning was in Brazil.
However, Portugal's accumulation of aircraft is still a little behind, and it is still continuing to work hard to learn from Britain and France, which are the strongest in the aviation industry.
"These Italians still show their bad side." Looking at Italy's poor performance in the newspaper, Tangning commented speechlessly.
Tang Ning, who came from a later generation, had a clear understanding of the qualities of Italy, a so-called great power.
I don’t know how to explain it, but it may be that Italy exhausted the male blood of the Apennine Peninsula during the Roman Empire, so in the days that followed, Italy has been the target of aggression by various ethnic groups.
"The Romance of Fairy Wood"
From the Germanic barbarians in the past to France and Austria in modern times, they all regard Italy as their own back garden, and they can come and go as they please.
Fortunately, God blessed Italy. With the help of practical things and the efforts of three outstanding heroes, Italy completed its reunification.
But after reunification, Italy still did a lot of bad things after being promoted to a great power.
In the process of colonizing Africa, Italy failed miserably when launching attacks on the Ethiopians in Africa, humiliating the European colonists.
Tang Ning knew that Italy's performance in the coming World War I and II would be the worst among the participating countries. Although this was related to the characteristics of the Italians, it might also be related to Italy's national strength, which was at the bottom among the great powers.
Putting down the report on the Italian-Turkish war in her hand, Tang Ning picked up a telegram about the uprising of the new army in W Chang in country Q.
At a familiar time and in a familiar place, drastic changes occurred in the East. It seemed that although Tang Ning had done many things in this world, she had little impact on the far East.
Although Tang Ning and her parents were active in East Asia during her childhood and made a lot of money, this did not touch the essence of this country, so what happened still happened.
The Chang Uprising certainly attracted the attention of Europe. After all, it was a revolution that took place among a population of more than 400 million.
Regarding this uprising, Europe now generally believes that this uprising will promote country Z and make it more civilized.
Only Tang Ning knew that this was the beginning of country Z's suffering. What followed was decades of warlord warfare, and the people's lives were miserable. It was not until the birth of a red force that this situation ended.
Under the governance of the red forces, this old country was reborn, and it took decades to lead the country step by step to stand at the forefront of the world again.
