As winter turns to spring, everything recovers, and all good things will come back again. But for Hezhong Prefecture this year, all good things should start from this spring.
This spring is different than any other spring, because after a whole year of games, battles, compromises, reconciliations, and preparations last year, the seeds of judicial reform and new laws have been planted. Whether they can bloom depends entirely on this year.
Brand-new laws, brand-new salt banknotes, brand-new tax laws, and brand-new systems are all officially on the stage of Hezhong Mansion this year.
Some people are looking forward to this, and some are worried about it.
However, judging from the first big market of the year, it seems that the effect is not bad.
"Wow, the market is open this year, why are there so many people?"
A scholar stood in front of the market door and was frightened when he saw that there were so many people inside.
Then I heard someone next to me say: "It seems to be true."
The scholar turned his head and saw an uncle, and couldn't help but ask: "Uncle, what's true?"
The uncle replied: "It is said that starting from this year, all city taxes will be exempted."
"ah?"
The scholar was shocked, "Why is this?"
The uncle replied: "It seems that the Department of Taxation has stipulated that all taxes are unified. These incomes are already taxed, so this city tax is also exempted."
"That's it." The scholar nodded.
Now all taxes are under the jurisdiction of the Taxation Department, because starting from this year, the Taxation Department has completely canceled the city tax. No one will stop at the door to collect taxes. The vendors only need to pay a certain amount according to the size of the stall after completing the transaction. Market management fees range from a few cents to more than ten cents.
As a result, there were twice as many vendors this year than in previous years.
"Thief!"
"Thief!"
Suddenly I heard two shouts.
But I saw a thin figure, pushing through the crowd and running wildly outside.
Suddenly, he flew into the air and then fell heavily to the ground.
"Ouch" screamed.
But I saw a young man at the stall next to him put his feet back, then slowly walked forward and mentioned the thief, "You thief are really stupid, you actually rushed in the face of our Royal Police."
The thief looked back at the young man and said aggrievedly: "There are so many people here and you are not wearing a police uniform. How could I have known, Sergeant Ma."
This young man is Ma Xiaoyi.
Ma Xiaoyi shook his head speechlessly, then reached out to him and hooked his fingers.
The thief obediently put a money bag into Ma Xiaoyi's hand.
At this time, an aunt ran over in a panic, "Thief! There is a thief!" Seeing the money bag in Ma Xiaoyi's hand again, she hurriedly said: "It's my money bag, my money bag."
"your?"
Ma Xiaoyi raised the money bag in his hand.
The aunt nodded, "It's mine, it's really mine."
Ma Xiaoyi handed the money bag to the aunt.
"Thank you Royal Police, thank you Royal Police."
"You're welcome, this is what we should do."
With that said, Ma Xiaoyi pinched the thief again, "Let's go! Come with me to the police station."
The thief said with a sad face: "Chief Ma gave me a chance. I couldn't hold it back just now. This is really my first time stealing."
Ma Xiaoyi said: "Stop blabbering! There is a shortage of cleaners in this market recently."
But just as he came out of the market, he suddenly saw a group of people running hurriedly forward.
"What happened?" Ma Xiaoyi couldn't help being stunned, and hurriedly stopped someone and asked: "This little brother, what happened?"
"You don't know, today the Chief Justice is going to give a lecture at the law school, and we have to fight for seats now."
After the young man finished speaking, he hurriedly followed the crowd.
"Yeah?"
Ma Xiaoyi said depressedly: "Third brother didn't even tell me."
As he spoke, he glanced at the obstructive thief in his hand.
The thief rolled his eyes and said, "Chief Ma, I promise that I will never steal anything again. Just spare me this time."
After Ma Xiaoyi hesitated for a moment, he asked, "Really."
"really."
The thief nodded hastily.
Just as Ma Xiaoyi was hesitating, Zhou Jia suddenly came over and said, "Chief Ma."
"Brother Zhou, you came just in time."
Ma Xiaoyi pushed the thief forward and said, "This guy just stole something in the market and was stolen by me. You can take him to the police station to ask for a confession."
"yes."
Zhou Jia immediately came over and captured the thief.
The thief is hopeless.
"I still have something to do, so I'll leave first."
Ma Xiaoyi spread his steps and ran towards the flow of people.
Zhou Jia asked curiously: "Has Chief Ma encountered a big case?"
The thief said: "Police officer, if you let me go, I will tell you."
Snapped!
Zhou Jia slapped the thief on the head and said, "You thief, you dare to negotiate terms with me, let's go."
This law school has started as early as last winter, but Cai Bian, Shangguan Jun, and Ye Zuqia have always been responsible for taking classes with them. It is so cold in winter, how could the president of the court take classes with them? Now it is spring, and the flowers are blooming. Today is the first class of the new year, and Zhang Fei plans to take advantage of this opportunity to take classes with them.
When Ma Xiaoyi rushed to the law school in one breath, he found that the area around the law school was already three floors inside and three floors outside. It was so crowded that many people were still carrying vegetables, rice, and wine in their hands.
"so many people?"
Ma Xiaoyi stood behind the crowd and jumped around for a few times. Suddenly, he had an idea. While squeezing in, he shouted: "Give way, give way! This police chief has been ordered to come here to maintain law and order."
As soon as everyone saw it was Ma Xiaoyi, they immediately made way for Ma Xiaoyi to reach the corridor smoothly.
This law school is just a big bungalow. It can even be understood that there is only one classroom. On the one hand, the construction period is too short. On the other hand, the teachers who come to the law school to teach all work in the imperial court, that is, There is no need to set up another office.
Of course, this actually makes it easier for more people to attend classes.
Zhang Fei still hopes that more people will be familiar with the law, and at least be able to judge whether their own interests have been violated. Only in this way can the public prosecutor's law be deeply rooted, and even if he leaves, there will be no problems.
Ma Xiaoyi first looked into the classroom, but saw that the podium was empty, and couldn't help but said: "Fortunately! Fortunately! The third brother hasn't come yet."
I looked around again and found that the corridor next to the classroom had been occupied by officials and scholar-bureaucrats. I thought to myself, you people always want to go against my third brother, but now you are here to listen to the class, you are really unprincipled.
"Prefect Lu is here too?"
Wang Shao walked up to Lu Gongru, Cai Yanqing, Fan Zhen and Yuan Jiang and bowed his hands to them.
Lu Gongru said with a smile: "Now the focus of our entire Shaanxi Road is on your Hezhong Mansion. You see, I am not the only prefect here."
He glanced to the side.
really! There are many prefects and county magistrates coming to Hezhong Prefecture on business trips, because everyone knows that this is a very critical year. If it succeeds, it will definitely cover the entire Shaanxi Road. They have to see what is going on, and Is the Tax Department really as powerful as rumored? It’s better to prepare early.
Wang Shao also had a clear mind and said with a smile: "I heard that when President Zhang gave lectures in the capital, even officials and the Queen Mother Cao attended the lectures. At such an age, he was able to attract the Queen Mother, officials and the prime minister to attend the lectures. Since ancient times, , this is really the first time!”
Lu Gongru nodded and said: "This legal system is already famous far and wide, but we still only know a little about it!"
Wang Shao said: "Didn't Bachelor Yuan and Bachelor Fan listen to these three lectures in the capital?"
Yuan Jiang sighed and said: "Ashamed, ashamed, I just missed the first class, and I don't know much about it at the moment! Otherwise, I wouldn't have been defeated by him again and again!"
"Ha ha!"
Everyone burst out laughing.
Cai Yanqing asked curiously: "Is this legal system so profound and profound?"
They knew about Yuan Jiang's talent, but they only had a partial understanding of it. This was simply incredible!
Fan Zhen nodded and said: "Otherwise, no one would think that President Zhang's legal system belongs to the founding of a sect, and he does have his own uniqueness."
These people are all great scholars, full of knowledge, and their evaluations make the surrounding officials and scholar-bureaucrats secretly smack their lips.
real or fake?
Is it so powerful?
"Hey! Mr. Liang is here too."
Wei Yingfang walked up to Liang Youyi and said slightly surprised.
Liang Youyi hummed: "I'm here to see if that yellow-mouthed boy is really talented and knowledgeable, or if he is just trying to gain fame."
Wei Yingfang has a clear mind, and you are just looking for trouble, but he said: "I heard that when he was in the capital, even the officials and the Queen Mother went to attend his classes in person."
Liang Youyi said: "Maybe it was Sima Junshi who invited him to support his judicial reform."
In fact, many of them are here to cause trouble. In the imperial court, there are rules. It is difficult for them to perform well. If they fail, they will be caught. But in the classroom, haha, this article is not the best. How dare you kid? Starting classes here is like a sheep coming to your door.
While we were chatting, we suddenly heard someone shouting: "The chief judge is here."
Several people immediately looked up and saw Zhang Fei walking this way from the special corridor connected to the imperial court.
In an instant, the crowd further narrowed the circle around the law school. Lu Gongru, Wang Shao, Yuan Jiang and others immediately entered the classroom and stood at the back, occupying the best seats.
"Huh? What are those wooden boards used for?"
Lu Gongru looked at the upright wooden board in front of him and couldn't help but wonder.
Yuan Jiang said: "That is a necessary tool for Zhang San to teach. He will write what he talks on on the wooden board, and he will also draw pictures to explain."
"Draw a picture?" Lu Gongru stroked his beard and said with a smile, "This is quite novel."
At this time, Zhang Fei had already come to the podium. He took a look at it first, "Wow, there are so many people!" But then he added to himself, "Fortunately, I'm used to it."
".?"
This first sentence aroused the contempt of many people.
Do you think we are all here to attend classes?
I’ll give you a nice look later.
Zhang Fei raised his head and said loudly: "Whether you are a law student or someone who comes here to attend the class out of curiosity, I hope you can maintain classroom discipline and don't make any noise. After all, my voice is only that loud."
There was immediate silence inside and outside the classroom.
In fact, there is no need for Zhang Fei to remind you. If there are so many people, if they don't maintain discipline, how can they listen to this class!
The people outside the classroom all shut up and pricked up their ears.
Seeing that everyone was so obedient, Zhang Fei didn't talk too much nonsense and said directly: "Let's start the class now."
As he spoke, he turned around and wrote four big characters on the wooden board with charcoal - the law of law.
As soon as these four words came out, the scholar-bureaucrats looked at each other in shock.
Is this what a teacher should write?
Even if you use charcoal, it won’t look so ugly!
The literati of the Northern Song Dynasty were really obsessed with calligraphy, and this was the first time for many of them to see Zhang Fei's calligraphy, because Xu Zhiqian and Cai Jing were the ones who usually wrote the cases.
I have to say that Zhang Fei's words really surprised them.
Including the students were deeply disappointed.
As expected of Erbi.
Zhang Fei completely ignored this. Regarding this point, he had already compromised himself. No matter how hard he tried, he would be despised by others. All he asked of himself was to know him well. He said to a kind of student: "I will first Let’s see how well you learned last year, what is the rule of law?”
Dozens of students attended the President's class for the first time. They were both excited and nervous. They looked at each other and did not dare to say anything.
Zhang Fei said in surprise: "Don't you know?"
The four little King Kongs sitting at the front were really anxious.
What are you doing? Don't harm us!
The students nodded.
Zhang Fei said: "Since you know, then tell me!"
Those students chanted together: "A consensus to defend the legitimate rights and interests of individuals."
"very good!"
Zhang Fei nodded and said: "Because the source of the law is a consensus among people. To put it simply, everyone thinks that stealing and robbing is wrong, so stealing and robbing is prohibited. Everyone thinks that killing is wrong, so It was necessary to prohibit killing. Later, people like Zichan and Li Kui wrote written laws based on these rules.
The source of law is people's consensus, and consensus is born out of protection based on personal interests. People feel that stealing is wrong because they are afraid of being stolen, not because they are worried about others. Therefore, the concept of legal system is a consensus to defend the legitimate rights and interests of individuals. "
Although Zhang Fei's lectures were as rough as his handwriting, the scholar-bureaucrats who were listening in on the matter understood immediately.
"And what I want to talk about in this class is how to implement the law, at this point."
Zhang Fei suddenly looked at the four little kings and said, "Your four teachers often make mistakes in this too."
The four little kings forced out an awkward smile, but they were full of expectations in their hearts. They were indeed a little unskilled in using legal methods.
Zhang Fei asked again: "Did our "Song Xingtong" inherit from...?"
He paused deliberately.
"The Laws of the Tang Dynasty."
A student immediately answered.
Zhang Fei smiled and nodded to show encouragement, and then asked: "Is "Tang Lv Shu Yi" based on...?"
Another student said: "Confucianism."
"good."
Zhang Fei nodded and said: "The "Tang Lv Shu Yi" is based on Confucianism, which is what we often call the rule of virtue. But whether it is the previous "Tang Lv Shu Yi" or the current "Song Xing Tong", it is Doesn’t it include all Confucian thoughts?”
No one rushed to answer this question, and all the students present began to think seriously.
Cai Bian hesitated slightly and said, "No."
"of course not."
Zhang Fei said: "If anything, just based on your attitude towards the teacher in the first class, the four of you would have been in jail long ago, and you can still sit here in class."
Si XiaoJingang lowered his head in embarrassment. This teacher really holds a grudge! How long has it been, he still remembers it.
Many scholar-bureaucrats sneered. With your virtue, you should go to jail. Is this an exchange between a teacher and a student?
That's outrageous!
Zhang Fei added: "Confucianism is profound and profound, and how can it be explained clearly in "Tang Lu Shu Yi" and "Song Xing Tong"? Then can we gather the talents from all over the world to compile a new code of law based on all Confucian thoughts? ?”
The students were immediately confused again. This was the first time they had attended this kind of question-and-answer class.
Many scholar-bureaucrats came here to quarrel, but due to these issues, they did not know how to intervene, so they could only be patient and continue to listen.
Cai Bian suddenly said: "No."
Zhang Fei asked: "Why?"
Cai Bian said: "For example, Confucianism emphasizes harmony among neighbors, but neighbors often quarrel with each other. If this is the law, everyone may commit crimes."
"Good answer."
Zhang Fei asked with a smile: "If Confucianism is really codified into laws, what will it be?"
Those students were all confused. What are these problems? No book talks about these contents!
An old man couldn't stand it anymore. You can't answer such a simple question. No wonder these students can only go to law school and not the Imperial College. He said: "Confucianism is codified into law. Isn't it still Confucianism? What else can it be?" What?"
Zhang Fei glanced at the old man and smiled without saying a word.
The old man was stunned for a moment. Did I answer it wrong?
How can this be?
Ye Zuqia suddenly said: "That is the Legalist method."
Zhang Fei smiled and asked, "Why?"
Ye Zuqia confidently replied: "Because Legalist law is to use laws and regulations to restrain people's words and deeds, while Confucian law is about education and allowing people to restrain themselves. If Confucianism is turned into laws and regulations, to restrain Everything people say and do is not Confucian law, but Legalist law."
Many people were suddenly enlightened, and some people bowed their heads in deep thought.
The old man who had just answered opened his mouth, looked at his friends around him and nodded, and then closed it again.
"right."
Zhang Fei nodded happily, and then wrote "Legalist law" on the wooden board, saying: "Legalist law is to use laws to regulate everyone's words and deeds, so no matter what the content is, as long as it appears in this form Yes, that is Legalist law, so what is the law based on Confucianism?"
"The chief of virtue and the assistant of law." Shangguan Jun replied.
"That's right, it's the German leader and the French assistant." Zhang Fei wrote these words on the wooden board again.
The people around were dumbfounded, including the students. They had agreed to sing the oboe here.
We didn’t even understand our questions, but you answered them.
Are we idiots?
Lu Gongru also gradually understood why Yuan Jiang was half-informed after missing one class. Just now they heard Zhang Fei talk about the concept of legal system. They thought they understood it immediately, but when they asked, they were completely confused.
These questions directly describe the Legalist method and the Confucian method.
The key to thinking about this is that this is really the case!
Fan Zhen whispered: "In the beginning, Cai Bian and the others were just like these students now, they had no clue at all."
Lu Gongru said: "Does that mean they didn't discuss it?"
"no."
Fan Zhen shook his head and smiled bitterly: "This is the result of training."
Lu Gongru nodded slightly.
After finishing writing, Zhang Fei suddenly drew a few waves on the bottom of the board, then turned sideways and said, "If Confucianism is like the Yellow River, nourishing the Chinese civilization, who in the world can take the entire Yellow River?" Come and use it?”
Everyone shook their heads.
"Of course not."
Zhang Fei nodded with a smile and said: "This is one of the reasons for the failure of Legalist law. Legalist law attempts to use laws to regulate all behaviors, but how is this possible? Everyone's thoughts, beliefs, and knowledge are all It’s different. There are differences in right, wrong, good and evil in everyone’s mind. For example, when it comes to lying, everyone knows that lying is wrong, but many people think that some lies are harmless and require more moral restraint rather than punishment. Legalism The Dharma tried to wield the entire Yellow River for its own use, but this was obviously impossible. Confucianism changed this, and therefore had the last laugh."
This explanation caused many scholar-bureaucrats to nod frequently. This interpretation was quite novel.
The key is that Zhang Fei is praising Confucian methods.
Zhang Fei added: "Then how do we usually use the Yellow River? We dig canals for irrigation and carry water for laundry. We only use a little bit of it to solve the problem instead of waving the entire Yellow River, right?"
Everyone nodded.
"Then we can also explain our "Song Xingtong" from this perspective."
Zhang Fei drew another bottle on the wooden board, "We take a little bit from Confucianism and put it into this bottle to form our "Song Xingtong". Can you understand it?"
Everyone nodded.
Zhang Fei said: "So, do you think, in the process of law enforcement, which one is more important, the bottle or the water inside?"
"ah?"
Everyone was dumbfounded again!
This jump in thinking is really confusing and has no context. What is going on with this bottle?
Seeing that no one answered, Zhang Fei asked: "Is this question difficult?"
"water!"
"Of course water!"
Some students who had just woken up from a dream quickly spoke and showed off.
Zhang Fei turned his head and looked over, "Li Si."
"coming!"
I saw Li Si coming up with a tray with two bottles on it. One of the bottles was similar to the one painted on the wooden board, while the other was rounder.
Zhang Fei first picked up the bottle on the tray that resembled the pattern on the wooden board. "Assume that this bottle is the bottle on the wooden board. The water contained in it is Confucianism and represents Song Xingtong."
As he spoke, he poured water into the round bottle, and then asked, "Has Song Xingtong changed?"
Many people shook their heads, but many others nodded.
Zhang Fei asked: "Can you give me the basis for shaking your head?"
One person immediately said: "There is still the same amount of water, it is also the water in the bottle just now, so there is no change."
Zhang Fei asked again: "Can the person who nodded please tell me your reasons?"
"The shape of the water changes."
"good."
Zhang Fei said: "Although the amount of water has not changed, the shape of the water has changed. Because water has no permanent shape, do you think that the Dharma can also have no permanent shape?"
"Well."
"Um?"
"cannot."
All the students shook their heads in confusion.
In fact, they don’t understand it very well, but their common sense holds that the Dharma cannot be impermanent.
Zhang Fei asked: "Why not?"
".!"
The answer to him was silence, including the four little kings looking at Zhang Fei blankly.
Zhang Fei looked at the scholar-bureaucrats again.
Many scholar-officials chose to dodge, and some of them looked at Zhang Fei with open eyes. I am not your student. What do you think we are doing? If possible, we can hold a debate.
Zhang Fei waited for a while and then said: "Suppose a good man learns that a farmer was deceived by a big landowner into signing a usury contract, forcing the farmer to sell his wife and children. So this good man helps the strong and the weak. , killed this big landlord, and spread all the wealth of this big landlord among the people who were exploited by the big landowner, is this hero breaking the law?"
Ye Zuqia said: "Of course it's illegal!"
Zhang Fei said in a eloquent voice: "But everything he did was completely in line with Confucian ethics, hoeing the strong and supporting the weak, being philanthropic, and perfect."
"But if you kill someone, if it is not self-defense, then it is illegal." Cai Bian replied.
Shangguan Jun also added: "Although the big landowner is guilty, if he follows the law, his crime will not lead to death."
"You think so?"
Zhang Fei asked others.
The rest of the people were still a little dazed and did not dare to answer this question rashly.
This is when someone outside the window shouted: "Even if it is illegal, you have to be extraneous to the law. This good man has done a great good deed."
"That's right, that's right."
Zhang Fei looked out the window, smiled slightly, and asked: "Assuming that this good guy doesn't break the law, do we still need laws?"
Everyone shook their heads.
"Why?"
"Because. Because everyone can kill people to eliminate evil, and justice is useless." Shangguan Jun replied.
“Everyone kills people to eliminate evil, isn’t that bad?”
"But who can guarantee that the person he killed must be a villain."
“Really good return.”
Zhang Fei asked again: "Do you think this hero has violated the law now?"
"Illegal."
Everyone answered in unison.
"Of course it's illegal."
Zhang Fei said: "If it is not illegal, everyone can kill, as long as he thinks he is promoting good and punishing evil, but what kind of consciousness is this?"
There was silence in the classroom again.
Zhang Fei rubbed his forehead with a headache, "Is my problem too difficult?"
Cai Jing suddenly said: "It's personal consciousness."
"Yes, this is a kind of personal consciousness." Zhang Fei said: "What does the law come from?"
"consensus!"
This time everyone reacted.
It's terrible!
Within a short time, many students were already sweating profusely. Without the support of the four teachers in front, they would definitely not be able to bear it.
Ye Zuqia saw it and thought, you are happy.
No one stood in front of us at the beginning, and every class we had was a mixture of pain and joy.
"This is where the problem lies."
Having said this, Zhang Fei suddenly glanced at the four little kings, and then said to the students: "Your four little teachers often make this kind of mistake, and are very easily affected by their own views of good and evil on the case. This It is typically based on water.
Whatever the shape of water is, what container it is in, that’s what it looks like. If the bottle can be changed, then you can still imagine it by yourself, as long as you have a clear conscience, but this is more terrifying than the hero who just promoted good and punished evil. , because they are the presiding judges and can legally kill people. "
Instead of being ashamed, the Four Little King Kongs felt a sense of enlightenment.
Zhang Fei asked again: "Do you think now, which one is more important, the bottle or the water?"
"bottle."
Everyone answered immediately.
Zhang Fei raised the bottle that was the same as the one on the wooden board, "Remember, the legal system emphasizes the bottle, the unchangeable rules, not the water inside. Good people who break the law and bad people who break the law should be punished accordingly. Although The size of the punishment can be considered as appropriate, but it is also based on the circumstances of the case, not whether he is a good person or a bad person. Breaking the law is breaking the law, and this is non-negotiable.
You must remember that for a presiding officer, morality is very important, but a professional presiding officer must put his own moral values into this bottle, rather than use his own moral values to shape this bottle. Bottle, because that is just your personal opinion, not the opinion of the world, let alone the legal method, because the legal method emphasizes consensus, and consensus exists objectively. This does not allow individuals to imagine or judge subjectively. Once you judge a case based on your personal views of good and evil, you may save one good person, but you may harm thousands of people. This is a taboo for a presiding judge. "
(End of chapter)
