"Okay, let's continue."
Su Jing spoke again and said: "We already understand a little about this feudal society. Let's push the time forward, to before the Spring and Autumn Period, to the Xia Dynasty."
"Old Liu, you should know more about history than I do. How was the Xia Dynasty established?"
Su Jing has also read history books.
But what I read in my previous life were all large volumes, too many and too complicated to remember much at all.
But now in the Ming Dynasty, there are not many history books for scholars to choose from.
Liu Bowen replied: "In the time of Emperor Yao, the floods surged into the sky. Yu was ordered to control the floods. He passed through the house three times without entering, which was a great achievement. Emperor Shun recommended Yu to heaven as his heir. Emperor Shun died in seventeen years. He died in three years. After that, Yu resigned and sent Shangjun, the son of Shun, to Yangcheng. All the princes in the world went to Shangjun and came to pay homage to Yu. Yu then ascended the throne of the emperor and faced the world from the south. The name of his country was Queen Xia, and his surname was Si."
"Then Yu died and his son Qi came to the throne. This was the establishment of the Xia Dynasty."
Liu Bowen's memory is still good, which is recorded in "Historical Records of Xia Benji".
Su Jing nodded and said, "That's right. Because of his merits in controlling floods, Yu gained a huge reputation and became the emperor. Then his son Qi ascended the throne and established the Xia Dynasty. From then on, the world became a family."
"Starting from the Xia Dynasty, going through the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, until the Spring and Autumn Period, this stage was not yet a feudal society. I call it a slave society."
"Because during this period, most workers in the field of material production were slaves, and only a small number of people enjoyed the fruits of their labor."
"The most striking feature of slave society is exploitation."
"However, unlike feudal society, in slave society, slaves are regarded as the property of the slave owner and can be bought and sold. The slave owner can force the slave to work. Labor activities must be slave-based, without pay, and without personal freedom."
Su Jing slowly told the story. It was not used in feudal society. Liu Bowen had a deep personal experience.
This slave society only existed in records in classics, and Liu Bowen could only listen to Su Jing's description.
What Su Jing talked about was relatively simple. He didn't remember much about slave society and couldn't tell much about it.
"That's about it. In summary, this is the situation in slave society."
Su Jing took a sip of tea and moistened her throat. She was still very tired from the continuous explanation.
Liu Bowen asked curiously: "Master Su, according to you, the emergence of this slave society is actually the emergence of the exploiting class and the exploited class, right?"
Hearing Liu Bowen's words, Su Jing really wanted to applaud.
Liu Bowen's understanding simply exceeded Su Jing's imagination.
Just listening to his own introduction, I have already realized this truth.
"Yes, the same thing between slave society and feudal society is exploitation, but slave society is simpler and more explicit. This is caused by the different use of productivity tools."
Su Jing nodded.
Productivity tool!
Liu Bowen knew this, because Su Jing mentioned this before when she taught about the changes in social form.
The improvement of productivity is the fundamental cause of changes in social form.
"Thank you Mr. Su for clarifying my doubts, but what about before the slave society?"
Liu Bowen asked: "What about before the Xia Dynasty, that is, the period of Emperor Huang and Emperor Yan? What kind of society was that?"
Although there are very few records before the Xia Dynasty, there are still some in the Historical Records.
Liu Bowen also wanted to know at this time how Su Jing defined society in this period.
"Primitive society."
Su Jing replied: "I call this period primitive society. Not only the period of Huangdi and Yandi, but also the earlier period before Huangdi can be regarded as primitive society."
"The productivity of people during this period was extremely low. The main way of combining labor was simple collaboration. The division of labor between people was mainly a natural division of labor based on gender and age."
"Under such circumstances, tribes and clans naturally formed. During this period, there was no exploitation."
"In other words, there are no exploiting classes and exploited classes."
"In order to obtain living resources, all people can only work together, which determines the common possession of the means of production, and the distribution is also equally distributed."
"Because there is no class distinction, naturally there will be no birth of a country. The replacement of the leader of a tribe or clan is not inheritance, but abdication."
"In this period, the world is a public one."
Liu Bowen listened to Su Jing's story attentively. He did not expect that Su Jing could talk about this period so clearly.
Although there are some records about Huangdi and Yandi in "Historical Records", it is not possible to know what Su Jing described by simply reading them.
At first glance, it seemed that Su Jing was talking to herself, but Liu Bowen carefully followed Su Jing's ideas and found that they were all logical.
These are a complete closed logic.
“Without class distinctions, there would naturally be no birth of a country.”
Liu Bowen asked Su Jing, "What does this sentence mean? I don't quite understand."
During Su Jing's narration, Liu Bowen was still able to ask his own questions, which shows that he was really listening attentively.
Su Jing explained: "The state is the product of irreconcilable class contradictions and is a tool for one class to oppress another class. The state is a historical phenomenon that arises with the emergence of classes."
“The essence of the state is a class dictatorship backed by huge profits, and it is a machine for maintaining order that is beneficial to the ruling class.”
Facing Liu Bowen, Su Jing didn't bother to explain too much.
The thinking ability of Old Liu in front of him was far beyond Su Jing's imagination.
It is simply not like the thinking and vision that a Ming Dynasty person should have.
Liu Bowen also fell into deep thought after listening to Su Jing's explanation.
Faced with such highly summarized and refined words, even he needs to be patient to think and understand.
Class conflict.
Class oppression.
Class dictatorship.
In Su Jing's explanation, classes appear three times.
The emergence of the state is inextricably linked to the emergence of classes.
Productivity, Liu Bowen thought of the productivity that Su Jing once mentioned.
From primitive society to slave society and then to feudal society, the improvement of productivity was the fundamental reason for its change.
Primitive society practiced slash-and-burn farming, slave society began to use bronze tools, and feudal society turned to iron tools and cattle farming.
These are the emergence of new productivity tools, which have greatly improved productivity levels and led to social changes.
But what does this have to do with the emergence of class?
Liu Bowen looked puzzled. He turned to Su Jing again and asked, "Mr. Su, what is the relationship between productivity and class?"
As Liu Bowen asked questions again, Su Jing was also used to the shock.
This Liu Bowen's thinking is so fast!
Su Jing thought for a moment and replied: "What is class in terms of productivity and production relations in the existence of class? To put it simply, class is the result of different divisions of labor."
"One is in management and one is in management. This is class."
"As I said just now, there is no class in primitive society. Why? Because the level of productivity is too low, forcing a group to survive, and all members must work together."
"Even if there is a leader, he still has to participate in actual production activities. All production materials are shared, which is necessary for survival."
"At this time, the materials necessary for survival are also distributed equally, without class distinctions."
"But with the improvement of productivity, production efficiency has been greatly improved, and the large-scale materials produced have begun to have a surplus in addition to maintaining basic life."
“The emergence of surplus products, on the one hand, provides the possibility for some people to get rid of heavy physical labor and specialize in social management and cultural and scientific activities, thereby promoting the development of production; on the other hand, it also prepares the conditions for the emergence of private ownership.”
"Thus, some people appeared who did not need to work, but only needed to manage others. Classes were born."
"And every time productivity increases significantly, surplus products will also increase, and class relations will change accordingly, leading to social changes."
“But once a class is created, its core exploitation will not change.”
Regarding the relationship between class and productivity, Su Jing cannot guarantee that what she said is correct.
He could only rely on his memory and understanding to describe it.
How much Liu Bowen can understand depends on him.
This is still very different from chatting with Zhu Biao. Su Jing can feel that Liu Bowen has really thought about this issue, and his thinking is quite profound.
Therefore, Su Jing was worried that there was something wrong with what she said, and she would be a little embarrassed if Liu Bowen heard it.
Liu Bowen's brows sometimes furrowed and sometimes relaxed.
Obviously, he was also carefully digesting what Su Jing said.
"The increase in productivity...the changes in class..."
Liu Bowen murmured to himself, his thoughts turning faster and faster.
"Master Su, I understand!"
Liu Bowen's eyes suddenly lit up and he looked at Su Jing and said: "The feudal society we live in now relies on feudal private ownership of land. It is precisely because land is the means of production that determines production relations. The landlord class who owns the land exploits the common class. .”
Liu Bowen's span is still huge.
Su Jing nodded in astonishment and said, "Well, Old Liu, you are right."
"Then what happens next? What will the social form after feudal society look like? What are the new productivity tools?"
Liu Bowen asked Su Jing excitedly, as if he had seen the truth in this world.
However, Su Jing was silent at this moment.
He didn't answer, just sat silently, his mood obviously a little low.
The social form after feudal society.
What emerged in Su Jing's mind was a century of humiliating history.
"Mr. Su, what's wrong? Is there any problem?"
Liu Bowen noticed Su Jing's emotional changes and asked strangely: "Is it because of me?"
"Huh~"
Su Jing let out a breath, shook her head towards Liu Bowen and said, "Old Liu, it has nothing to do with you, it's my own fault."
"Master Su, if you're tired, let's call it a day. I think it's getting late now."
Liu Bowen said to Su Jing.
After chatting for a long time, it was getting dark outside and it was time to have dinner.
"Indeed, we talked too much today, and everyone is a little tired."
Su Jing stood up and stretched, throwing away the messy things in her mind.
What’s the point of thinking about things hundreds of years from now?
"Niu Yi, Niu Su, it's almost done. Let's go out for dinner."
Su Jing shouted directly.
At this time, Zhu Biao and Zhu Xi were no longer in the courtyard. The sky outside was still not bright enough to read. Besides, it was cold in late autumn, so they couldn't stay in the courtyard for a long time.
"Here we come, Master Su."
"Okay, Master Su."
Zhu Biao and Zhu Xi each walked out of their rooms.
Zhu Ji had always focused on his studies. Zhu Biao came to the living room and listened to Su Jing's explanation for a while.
However, for him now, these contents are still a bit too deep.
Not everyone is Liu Bowen. Living in the Ming Dynasty, he can still have such a forward-looking vision.
Zhu Biao was very aware of current affairs and chose to give up temporarily.
He knew very well who Liu Bowen was, and even he had to think hard about something that he was not suitable for now.
Anyway, I am Su Jing's student, so I will have plenty of time to ask questions in the future.
"Old Liu, let's go."
Su Jing turned to look at Liu Bowen.
"Okay, Mr. Su will just make arrangements."
Liu Bowen nodded.
The group of four people set off immediately.
Forbidden City, inside Fengxian Hall.
From Zhu Yuanzhang's side, the latest news about Liu Bowen was also passed on.
"We talked all afternoon."
Zhu Yuanzhang looked at the secret report and his eyes moved slightly.
Whether it is Liu Bowen or Su Jing, Zhu Yuanzhang is a very talented person.
However, there is still a big difference between the two people's status in Zhu Yuanzhang's heart.
When he was fighting for world hegemony, Liu Bowen was naturally Zhu Yuanzhang's most relied-upon counselor. It can be said that Liu Bowen's contribution to his success in ascending to the throne of the Ninth Five-Year Plan cannot be overshadowed.
But now that the world is settled, Liu Bowen has become the most suspicious object in Zhu Yuanzhang's heart.
Zhu Yuanzhang was also suspicious of Su Jing's words at first.
But because Su Jing was in the court, she had no foundation.
Compared with Liu Bowen, Su Jing is much easier to control since she is white.
But even Zhu Yuanzhang was worried about spreading the shocking knowledge in Su Jing's mind.
Naturally, he was extremely concerned about the meeting between these two people.
He must grasp any situation immediately.
So far, the development of things has not changed much from what Zhu Yuanzhang expected.
This is a test for Liu Bowen, but it is also a test for Su Jing.
"Su Jing, what is it that you don't know?"
Zhu Yuanzhang stood up and walked slowly in Fengxian Hall.
At this time, Queen Ma appeared, holding a food box in her hand: "Chongba, why are you so busy that you forgot to eat? If I hadn't gone to the imperial dining room to take a look, I wouldn't have known you hadn't eaten."
Model worker Zhu Yuanzhang is well-deserved!
(End of chapter)
