productive forces!
productive forces!
productive forces!
After Zhu Biao listened to Su Jing's words, he couldn't bear it anymore and asked:
"Master Su, how can we improve this productivity?"
Whether it is the cycle of destruction of feudal dynasties, the demise of the feudal system, or the current food problem.
Everything seems to be the only solution in the end, productivity.
Why is the magic of productivity so powerful?
Because Su Jing once said that the development of productive forces would lead to the disappearance of feudal society, Zhu Biao never really thought about it deeply.
But now, Zhu Biao wants to know how to improve this productivity.
“How to increase productivity?”
Su Jing was slightly stunned. Hearing Zhu Biao's question, he was also a little confused.
If I go by the history books I have studied, it is the emergence of new productivity tools.
But this only explains a causal relationship, and cannot be regarded as a suitable answer to Zhu Biao's question.
Su Jing searched the memories in her mind again, but the things that came up were all centered on economic construction.
There seems to be no difference between this and not saying anything.
its not right!
Su Jing's mind suddenly changed and she said: "Niu Yi, didn't I tell you, science and technology are the primary productive forces."
"Have you forgotten what happened just a short time ago?"
Su Jing had already told Zhu Biao about the core point of view.
Zhu Biao replied: "Master Su, of course students remember it, but what exactly is this science?"
Now Zhu Biao is confused and looking for a solution.
He did not think about the relationship between productivity and dynasty. He only wanted to know how productivity should develop.
Su Jing said lightly: "Don't I teach you science every day?"
Studying every day?
Zhu Biao was stunned for a moment, then said: "Students are stupid, please ask Master Su to clarify."
"Go get the telescope."
Su Jing did not answer directly, but gave Zhu Biao instructions.
Zhu Biao immediately went back to the house and took out a monocular telescope and handed it to Su Jing.
Su Jing took the telescope and said, "You still remember what I taught you before I taught you how to make a telescope, right?"
"Of course I remember it. The spread of light makes the students mesmerized."
Zhu Biao replied immediately.
Su Jing's basic science class is both educational and entertaining, which is very interesting.
Zhu Biao was serious about his studies and his memory was very profound.
Su Jing nodded and said: "So, why do you think I don't know how to tell you how much the telescope lens should be polished and how the lens barrel should be made?"
Zhu Biao paused for a moment and said: "Master Su often said that it is important to know what is happening, but it is even more important to know why."
"Yes, it seems you remember it very clearly."
Su Jing nodded and asked: "Then, where do you think the knowledge about the spread of light that I told you came from?"
"Didn't Master Su tell the students that they all get it from books?"
Zhu Biao said a little strangely.
He really didn't understand what Su Jing meant when he kept saying this.
Su Jing asked again: "Then how did you know the authors of these books?"
Zhu Biao was a little stunned now, thought for a moment and said, "They figured it out."
But as soon as he said these words, he felt something was wrong.
Because he has learned about the propagation of light, he may not be able to figure it out just by thinking about it in his head.
"They saw it, so they knew it."
Zhu Biao changed his words.
"Just seeing it?"
Su Jing smiled and asked: "Do I need to think after seeing it? After thinking, do I need to verify it? After verification, do I need to summarize the rules and find the principles?"
A series of rhetorical questions left Zhu Biao stunned.
"Is this science?"
Zhu Biao was silent for a while and then asked.
Su Jing said lightly: "Strictly speaking, this is part of science."
“Science is an orderly knowledge system based on testable explanations and predictions about the form, organization, etc. of objective things. It is knowledge that has been systematized and formulated.”
"Start from the phenomenon, explore the reasons, summarize the rules, organize systematically, and form scientific conclusions."
Listening to Su Jing's words, Zhu Biao could only try hard to understand. He could understand these words individually, but putting them together required some understanding.
"So, Master Su means that science needs to be developed?"
Zhu Biao understood for a while and then slowly spoke.
Su Jing nodded and said: "Yes, if you want to develop productivity, science needs to be at the forefront, and science education is particularly important."
These things that focus on economic construction are really too broad.
Su Jing still feels that developing science is the most practical.
“In today’s Ming Dynasty, there are many schools and colleges, and people taking official positions through the imperial examinations, isn’t that the development of science?”
Zhu Biao looked at Su Jing and said.
Daming has always been advocating learning.
Su Jing shook her head and said: "The Ming Dynasty's academy is the way to get an official position. Strictly speaking, it cannot be regarded as science, or in other words, it is only a very small part."
Is Ming’s education not scientific?
Zhu Biao was really surprised. He immediately retorted: "Since the Sui Dynasty, the imperial examination has been the path for countless scholars to enter the imperial examination and become officials. Schools have become more popular because of this. How can it not be regarded as science when knowledge is spread among the people?"
The imperial examination is what countless scholars pursue throughout their lives, and schools continue to spread knowledge.
In Zhu Biao’s view, isn’t this developing science?
Su Jing smiled and was not in a hurry to refute. She just said lightly: "Since we are talking about the imperial examination, let's talk about the imperial examination."
"Okay, Master Su."
Zhu Biao nodded. He also wanted to know, in Su Jing's eyes, what was the imperial examination?
Su Jing asked: "Before the imperial examination, what method did an ordinary citizen usually use to become an official?"
Zhu Biao thought for a while and replied: "The Zhou Dynasty was a recommendation system, and the Han Dynasty was a chakra system and a conscript system. Later, filial sons and honest officials were added. By the time of Emperor Wei Wen, it was a nine-rank Zhongzheng system."
Zhu Biao is still very clear about this kind of historical knowledge, especially related to the method of selecting talents.
Because when I was in the main hall, this was what I needed to focus on.
As a prince, it is necessary to know these things.
"Yes, you know these very well."
Su Jing praised, and then said: "Then what do you think the imperial examination is for?"
Why did the imperial examination appear?
When Zhu Biao heard Su Jing's words, he did not hesitate and replied directly: "Of course it is to allow scholars to serve as officials, so that there will be more capable people in the court, so that talented people will not decline."
As soon as Zhu Biao finished speaking, he felt something was wrong.
Su Jing smiled and said: "So, you also know that science does not appear for education, right?"
Zhu Biao was stunned for a moment, but immediately retorted: "But the imperial examination made the people realize the importance of reading, and didn't education become more popular because of this?"
Don’t look at the starting point, but look at the actual results.
Zhu Biao became more and more pragmatic.
Su Jing nodded and said, "Yes, because of the emergence of the imperial examination, the number of schools has increased. More people have sent their sons to study in the schools, and the number of scholars has also increased."
"The fate of many people has changed because of studying and the imperial examination."
"No matter how you say it, the imperial examination is a good move that benefits the country and the people."
Su Jing followed Zhu Biao's words and praised the benefits of the imperial examination, which also confused Zhu Biao.
Shouldn't it be said that the imperial examination was not good?
"but!"
Su Jingfeng changed his mind and said: "The imperial examination hinders the dissemination and development of scientific knowledge."
As soon as he said this, Zhu Biao's eyes widened with an expression of disbelief.
The imperial examination obviously made education more popular, so how could it hinder the dissemination and development of scientific knowledge?
"Master Su, students don't understand."
Zhu Biao directly expressed his doubts. He couldn't understand.
Su Jing said lightly: "It doesn't matter if you don't understand. You will understand after I finish speaking."
"We have just discussed the general situation of the imperial examination, Niu Yi, so now think about it, why has it been implemented in every dynasty since the emergence of the imperial examination?"
Why will the imperial examination continue to be implemented?
What kind of problem is this?
Zhu Biao's doubts became even worse. He replied: "Of course it is because the imperial examination is good, so it will be continued."
"No no no."
Su Jing shook her head and pointed her finger: "What do you call good? Good is not just what you say it is."
"Taxation and corvee are not good for the people, and they have not disappeared."
"It is a great thing to benefit the country and the people, and it is a great thing for the government and the gentry to pay the grain together. Why has no one proposed to implement it until now?"
Su Jing simply asked back, leaving Zhu Biao speechless again.
He realized that what he just said was too simple.
"Master Su, why on earth can the imperial examination be carried out all the time?"
Zhu Biao could only ask Su Jing for advice.
Su Jing said calmly: "Because the imperial examination is good enough!"
good?
Didn't you just deny the imperial examination? Why do you agree now?
Zhu Biao was stunned.
Su Jing continued: "But it is good, it is good enough for the rulers of the feudal dynasty."
"Things that are beneficial to the ruler will naturally be vigorously promoted."
"This is the most fundamental reason why the imperial examination system can continue to this day."
"It is in the interest of the ruler. To put it bluntly, it is good for the king, and it is a great benefit."
Although the imperial examination is a great initiative in Chinese history and has many good meanings, the fundamental reason for its long-lasting prosperity is that it meets the ruler's needs for governance.
Zhu Biao frowned, listening to Su Jing's words, he was also thinking.
Is this really the reason why the imperial examination can continue to this day?
"Master Su, students believe that the imperial examination gave countless scholars the opportunity to become officials. Only by supporting the imperial examination after they become officials can the imperial examination continue."
Zhu Biao slowly said: "I am afraid that just a king cannot do this."
I have to say that Zhu Biao still has some thoughts.
Su Jing smiled and said: "Oh, your idea is from another angle. Yes, you are good at thinking."
"But unfortunately, your idea has a fundamental mistake."
Fundamental mistake?
Zhu Biao didn't know how to answer for a while, so he could only say: "Master Su, the student doesn't understand, what's wrong?"
Zhu Biao believed that he did not refute Su Jing's point of view, at most he only supplemented it.
He really didn't know what was wrong.
Su Jing said calmly: "The mistake is taking it for granted. Let me ask you, Niu Yi, why do you think that scholars will support the imperial examination system after they pass the imperial examination and become officials?"
Zhu Biao said matter-of-factly: "Is this an obvious truth? If a scholar does not pass the imperial examination, no matter how much he studies, he cannot change his background, and he cannot become an official."
"But after taking the imperial examination, he can change his own destiny with his own efforts. Wouldn't he be grateful to the imperial examination?"
The imperial examination changes destiny, this is Zhu Biao's point of view.
He didn't think there was anything wrong with what he was thinking.
Su Jing smiled and did not answer Zhu Biao's question directly, but said: "Niu Yi, let me ask you another question now."
"If a boat carrying a boatload of people capsizes in the middle of a river, a boatman comes to rescue them, but his boat is small and cannot hold everyone. If they are forced to load them, the boat will also capsize. "
"At this time, the person underwater must want to get on the boat, but after he gets on the boat, what do you think he will do?"
Boats and people.
Zhu Biao thought carefully about the story Su Jing told. He was a little surprised at first, but after a while, his expression suddenly shook.
"Master Su, are you saying that the imperial examination is a small boat, and the people on the boat are the scholars who passed the imperial examination and became officials. After they get on the boat, the first thing they want to do is expel those who are still underwater?"
Zhu Biao said fiercely towards Su Jing, speaking very quickly and quite excitedly.
"Yes, I understood it quickly."
Su Jing nodded and said, it is really easy to teach such students.
Zhu Biao looked shocked and asked: "But how can the imperial examination be a small boat? If latecomers continue the imperial examination, it will not affect the scholars who have already passed the examination?"
"The imperial examination is the best way for scholars all over the world. The students think what Master Su said is very inappropriate."
In Zhu Biao's heart, the weight of the imperial examination was still very heavy.
Although he could understand Su Jing's description, not many agreed.
"This has nothing to do with the imperial examination itself."
Su Jing said calmly: "As for you saying that you can't influence those who have passed the imperial examination, you are wrong. For the scholars who have changed their destiny through the imperial examination and jumped from the civilian class to the official and gentry class, what they want is Consolidate your own class.”
"Not only themselves, but also their descendants, all must remain in the official and gentry class."
"For them, from the moment they change their destiny through the imperial examination system, the imperial examination is useless and it is their obstacle."
"Dragon slayers will eventually become evil dragons. This is human nature."
Su Jing's plain words shocked Zhu Biao even more.
He had never thought about it from this perspective before, but now with Su Jing's reminder, he realized that this was the case.
Just like his father wanted the world to always be in the hands of the Zhu family, those officials must also have the idea of hereditary neglect in their hearts.
As a result, the imperial examination ship immediately became a small boat, unable to carry so many "people".
(End of chapter)
