Outside Lishui County.
Under the trees on the edge of the field.
Su Jing and Zhu Biao were sitting cross-legged on the ground, with farmers working in the fields not far away.
Although Zhu Biao was sitting, he was very reserved, or serious.
Because Su Jing may speak casually, but if he accidentally misses something, he will not understand it.
"Upper decision decided by the economic background."
Su Jing said calmly: "If you want to understand this sentence, you must first understand what the economic base is and what the superstructure is."
"The so-called economic base refers to the sum of production relations determined by the productive forces at a certain stage of social development, and is the basis for a certain society."
"The superstructure is the ideology built on the economic foundation and the systems, organizations and facilities corresponding to it. In class society, it mainly refers to the political and legal systems and facilities."
"The two are causally related, the economic base is the cause, and the superstructure is the effect."
“At the heart of it all are the relations of production.”
"Production relations refer to the social relations formed by material means in the production process. It is the social form of production methods, including the form of ownership of production means, people's status and mutual relations in production, the form of product distribution, etc."
“The most important of these is the form of ownership of the means of production.”
"Okay, Niu Yi, please understand and digest these definitions first, and then I will continue."
Zhu Biao nodded, closed his eyes and carefully recalled what Su Jing had just said.
It's a mouthful, and it's also very novel.
Fortunately, Zhu Biao's memory was good. After about half a stick of incense, Zhu Biao opened his eyes and said, "Master Su, I'm fine."
"good."
Su Jing said calmly: "Then let me ask you a question. What do you think is the most important means of production in the Ming Dynasty now?"
Zhu Biao thought for a moment and then replied: "Land."
Su Jing nodded and said: "Yes, in agricultural society, land is the most important means of production, and the land ownership system in the Ming Dynasty was land private ownership. Not only in the Ming Dynasty, but also since the unification of the Qin Dynasty, feudal private land ownership has continued to this day. .”
"Therefore, feudal private ownership of land was the main economic basis of feudal society."
"Since it is feudal private ownership of land, the ruler must firmly control the land rights in his hands."
"So since the Qin Dynasty, a centralized autocratic system with a high degree of political concentration has emerged, until today's Ming Dynasty."
"The centralized feudal autocratic system is a manifestation of the superstructure."
"This is how the economic base determines the superstructure in the Ming Dynasty."
Su Jing tried to make everything as simple as possible, because Zhu Biao was not a modern person, and he might not be able to understand many things.
At this moment, Zhu Biao only regretted that he did not bring a pen and paper. He kept memorizing everything Su Jing said in his heart, for fear that he would miss a word.
Scholarly man!
These things are things that Zhu Biao could not learn from all his teachers, including his father Zhu Yuanzhang.
"If you have any doubts, you can ask now."
Su Jing looked at the farmers not far away and said lightly.
Zhu Biao thought for a while and said: "Master Su, you said that feudal land ownership and feudal autocracy were formed only from the Qin Dynasty. What was the situation before that in the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties? The most important means of production at that time was not land. Has it happened? The land should not have changed."
Su Jing turned to look at Zhu Biao. This student made him more and more satisfied.
He smiled and said: "That's a good question. The land has indeed not seen any changes, but during the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, production tools were backward and collective labor was more efficient."
“At that time, the most important means of production was no longer land, but people.”
"So, the society at that time, I call it a slave society."
"Because the main means of production became people, their land systems were correspondingly different. The well-field system was a product of the slave society."
"The economic base is people, and the superstructure is the well-field system. This is why the economic base determines the superstructure at that time."
Zhu Biao listened carefully, and was also thinking carefully about the correctness of the argument in his heart.
Su Jing was still very calm and had no worries at all.
Ma Zhezhong's economic foundation determines the superstructure, but this is a classic theory that has been argued and praised by countless big figures in later generations.
It is impossible for a mere ancient boy to find any loopholes.
"Master Su, if the students are educated, the economic base determines the superstructure. This is indeed a wise saying."
Zhu Biao raised his hands towards Su Jing and said seriously.
Su Jing looked at Zhu Biao and said, "Niu Yi, it's quite good to be able to understand these, but these are just the expressions of the theory, and its core is far more profound than what you heard."
"However, those things are not suitable for you."
Zhu Biao immediately bent towards Su Jing and said with great sincerity: "Master Su, please give me some advice!"
"You really want to know?"
Su Jing asked rhetorically.
Zhu Biao raised his head, looked at Su Jing solemnly and said, "The road lies ahead. I hope Master Su will fulfill the students' wishes."
Su Jing waved her hand and said: "That's all, let's talk to you. You are just a child anyway, just listen."
"Thank you Master Su."
Zhu Biao saluted Su Jing again.
Su Jing continued: "As I said just now, Xia, Shang and Zhou belonged to a slave society, but after the unification of the Qin Dynasty, it became a feudal society."
"Do you know what was the root cause of this change?"
Zhu Biao briefly recalled it and replied: "It is a change in the economic foundation. Master Su just said that during the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, the production tools were backward, so the main means of production was people, and starting from the Qin Dynasty, the main means of production was land. .”
"But why did the Qin Dynasty start?"
As he said that, Zhu Biao fell into doubts.
Su Jing nodded and said: "That's a good question, why did the Qin Dynasty start?"
"Because during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, iron tools appeared, and a new production method emerged, which was plowing with cattle."
"People at that time discovered that the efficiency of iron cattle farming was much higher than that of pure manual labor, and productivity was greatly improved, so it began to spread continuously."
“The well-field system of collective labor was severely impacted and began to disintegrate.”
"After the Qin Dynasty unified the six countries, production relations were redistributed, and the well-field system completely disappeared from the stage of history."
"Iron cattle farming led to the improvement of the economic base, thus turning the slave society into a feudal society."
"And when new productivity tools that change the way of production appear next time, the economic base will change again, the superstructure will also change accordingly, and feudal society will also disappear!"
"This is the trend of history and an eternal truth."
Feudal society will disappear!
Zhu Biao was directly shocked by these words.
Doesn’t the disappearance of feudal society mean the demise of the Ming Dynasty?
Obviously, Master Su raised the problem of Ming Dynasty before and also gave a solution.
In this way, can't we prevent the fate of the Ming Dynasty?
Ming Dynasty will eventually die?
