The Ming Dynasty court is like a precision machine. The 70 million people are the driving force. Each official is the gear, large and small. The power drives the gear to rotate, engage, transmit, and operate...which gear is connected to which gear, and how much torque is transmitted. The amount of rotation has been fixed along the system.
The court has formed its own order, and the people sitting in Wuying Hall are just steering the overall direction and deciding to lubricate, repair, and replace certain gears.
When most of the machines were intact, it didn't matter whether the person sitting in Wuying Palace was Zhu Yunwen or Zhu Wenkui, who was walking on a straight road.
Benefiting from the clear planning of the imperial court, the refinement of financial budgets, the clarification of the functions of the six ministries, the continuous governance of the officialdom, the stability of agricultural fundamentals, and the prosperity of commerce, the Ming Dynasty was in a stage of accelerated operation. Primary industries began to appear, and social division of labor followed. Come... Zhu Yunwen left Jinling under this background.
Huang Huai looked at Zhu Yunwen standing on the bow of the boat. He seemed very comfortable, enjoying the wind. The water in front of me is no longer Yangtze River water, but blue sea water.
Zhu Yunwen turned around and waved to the dazed Huang Huai. After Huang Huai approached, he said, "It seems that you don't get seasick. This is much better than Tang Buping." Tang Buping was a little helpless. He was from the north. At first, Not used to the rocking of the ship.
But later on, I got used to it after taking a lot of boat rides. Seeing that Zhu Yunwen was in a good mood, Huang Huai said, "Weichen is from Yongjia, Wenzhou Prefecture. We are close to the estuary, so we can't help but swim in the river and walk on boats." Zhu Yunwen looked at Huang Huai, and the smile on his face slowly faded. : "Yongjia, Huang Huai, you should know about the Yongjia school of thought, right?" Huang Huai's heart was shocked, and he looked troubled.
Zhu Yunwen looked at the struggling Huang Huai, then turned to look at the sea: "After a person dies, there are still descendants who care about him. After the school dies, no one dares to talk about it?" Huang Huai's expression changed and he knelt down: "Your Majesty, I know about the Yongjia School. However, there are some inappropriate things that I dare not talk about."
"Is it inappropriate or against the orthodox Neo-Confucianism?" Zhu Yunwen put his hands behind his back, took two steps, and said to Huang Huai: "You are from Yongjia, and even the Yongjia School dare not talk about it. Is it because Neo-Confucianism doesn't allow you to say it, or do I not allow you to say it? "The corners of Huang Huai's mouth twitched, and his cheeks trembled slightly.
The world only knows Zhu Xi’s
"Neo-Confucianism", Lu Jiuyuan's
"Xinxue", but who still remembers that the Yongjia School was once as famous as Neo-Confucianism and Xinxue, and it was enough to compete with each other, making the entire doctrine a tripartite structure!
However, with the demise of the Song Dynasty and the rise of the Yuan Dynasty, the Yongjia School was completely suppressed. Neo-Confucianism and Xinxue began to talk about the study of body, mind, and life, empty talk about investigating objects, questioning the original mind, and false talk. In the end, people fell into rhetoric, self-cultivation, and neglect of the mission. the point.
In the Yuan Dynasty, Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty promoted Neo-Confucianism, and even regarded Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism as the authentic origin, and did not tolerate other theories.
The theories and ideas of the Yongjia School were not suitable for the reality of the early Ming Dynasty. When the Han people stood between heaven and earth again, the Yongjia School was already dead. Not to mention paying homage publicly, there were only a few people who burned incense secretly.
Huang Huai came from Yongjia, and was influenced by his family's education. He knew about the Yongjia School, but he also knew that the emergence of the Yongjia School was related to the commercial development of Yongjia during the Southern Song Dynasty. However, in the early Ming Dynasty, business was suppressed and maritime bans were implemented. The Yongjia School did not come forward at all. Opportunity.
Later, Zhu Yunwen imposed a maritime ban and shipping companies appeared one after another. The Yongjia School still had no chance, because Neo-Confucianism orthodoxy had been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and the mainstream thinking among scholars was still Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism.
The Imperial College tried to change all this, but in the face of huge resistance, no one dared to break Neo-Confucianism. Even Zhu Yunwen only promoted the reform of Neo-Confucianism, making it more practical and calling for hard work to rejuvenate the country, rather than empty talk about physical and mental life.
At this moment, when Zhu Yunwen talked about Yongjia School, what did he mean?
"Go to Yongjia. I'm going to pay homage to Ye Wending." Zhu Yunwen ordered. Tang Buping took the order and arranged it for the naval sergeant.
Huang Huai swallowed, Zhu Yunwen actually wanted to visit Ye Wending! Ye Shi, his posthumous title has been decided! The master of Yongjia School is an ancestor who can be compared with Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan!
Huang Huai became excited. Zhu Yunwen's move was undoubtedly telling him that the court was likely to let the Yongjia School
"Resurrection" and became an important doctrine affecting the Ming Dynasty! Zhu Yunwen walked back to the cabin and picked up a copy of "Shui Xin Collected Works", which he couldn't put down.
This "Collected Works of Shui Xin" was compiled by Zhonghua Book Company and the Imperial College and took two years to collect and compile. It records many of Ye Shi's views and thoughts. After its publication, it was highly praised by business schools and businessmen, but was not accepted by ordinary scholars and officials. .
The preface was written by a gentleman from the business school: "His sincerity in thinking about the king and his patriotism is beyond the expression of his words. It is a pity that the front and back are missing, and there are no readers. I have tried to seek the complete collection, but it is not available...Collect his notes. , memorials, memorials, discussions, notes, prefaces, poems, and inscriptions were mixed into chapters, and there were more than 800 chapters, which were compiled into "Shuixin Collected Works"..." Zhu Yunwen turned over one of the pages and read slowly: "Husband If you want to compromise the principles of the world, you must thoroughly examine the things in the world and then be correct. Doesn't this mean that without investigation, you have no right to speak? Reading does not follow the unified thread, although it is useless, it is not just to oppose empty talk and pay attention to the study of academic traditions and Practice? Commerce and industry, using the power of the state to support merchants, and currency circulation, are not the strategies to develop commerce?" Faced with each realistic theory, Zhu Yunwen had to admire Ye Shi and the former Yongjia School.
Of course, the core view of the Yongjia School is
The word "merit"! so-called
"Since there is no utilitarianism, morality is a useless talk... There were no ancient people who were not good at managing money but could be saints and wise ministers." Promote utilitarianism and practice it
"Managing the world for practical purposes, emphasizing both righteousness and benefit" is the most distinctive proposition of the Yongjia School. This is unlikely to be accepted by the dynasty that focused on agriculture and suppressed commerce, but in the era of developed commerce in the Southern Song Dynasty, each and every
In the era of "the study of profound principles and principles", the Yongjia School's propositions can be said to be appropriate and appropriate. Zhu Yunwen understands very well
"merit",
"Giving equal attention to justice and benefit" means that you can't just talk about morality and moral cultivation, but you also need to give people a sense of utilitarian satisfaction.
The reason why officials are officials is that they are not
"Be worried about the world's worries first, and be happy after the world's happiness." Rather, through being an official, you want to obtain a stable and generous life, a higher social status, including certain rights. In a word, being an official means moving towards Go for utilitarianism.
Although this may not sound good, it is the reality for most officials. In future generations, five to six thousand people will compete for a civil servant position. Do you dare to say that they are
"Concerned about the country and the people",
"Taking the world as our own responsibility"? No, they practice the ideas of the Yongjia School
The word "merit" means that doing things is for utility. Without so many guarantees and benefits, who can squeeze their heads to grab a position?
Huang Huai looked at Zhu Yunzhen, who admired Ye Shi's writing, and bravely said: "Your Majesty, I believe that Yongjia's learning teaches people to understand things, to be practical step by step, not to say anything, and to practice what they say. Pragmatism We should be based on profit and righteousness, and not suppress profit with righteousness." Zhu Yunwen looked at Huang Huai and nodded slightly: "In the early years, I wrote an article "On Cats" and proposed to demote talents in an eclectic way. Nowadays, I still use cats. Theoretically speaking, Neo-Confucianism is a black cat, Yongjia School is a white cat, and other schools are calico cats. It doesn’t matter what color the cat is, what’s important is that it can catch mice. If a black cat can’t catch it, a white cat can catch it, but a white cat can’t. Anyone who dares to catch them will be attacked by Tabby Cat.”
"If the Ming Dynasty wants to be strong, it needs to raise a lot of cats. Although there are many cats, they must have one thing in common, that is, they all catch mice, rather than cats catching cats and cats fighting cats. Cats belong to the Ming Dynasty. They are a family and do not fight among themselves or conflict. The problem is the mouse, the mouse comes out, solve the mouse..." Huang Huai listened to Zhu Yunwen's complete discussion on governing the country for the first time, and remembered it excitedly in his heart. After Zhu Yunwen finished speaking, he said: "Your Majesty, if the Yongjia School is a white cat , but it has four abilities."
"Oh, tell me." Zhu Yunwen put down the book and looked at Huang Huai expectantly. Huang Huai knew that his opportunity had come, and he calmed down: "First, we must work hard to rejuvenate the country, oppose empty talk, and value practice. Second, justice and utilitarianism should be unified, and the two cannot be separated. Third, agriculture and business are integrated. To make the people rich and the country strong, both agriculture and commerce should be emphasized. Fourthly, the country should be rich and powerful to protect the mountains and rivers." Zhu Yunwen smiled. Huang Huai not only knew about the Yongjia School, but also had an in-depth understanding of this official who passed the Neo-Confucian examination. I have two sets of knowledge in my heart.
The Yongjia School is of great reference value to the current Ming Dynasty, especially since it emerged in the era of highly developed economy in the Southern Song Dynasty. It has very incisive analysis and rational understanding of industrial and commercial development, public relations, private ownership, trade, etc.
The emergence and growth of Wen Shang in later generations is inseparable from the Yongjia School. With the development of business in the Ming Dynasty and the emergence of the talent employment market, capitalism has actually sprouted. Coupled with the emergence of steam engine power, the development of steam engine textiles, steam engine ships, steam engine forging, etc., the Ming Dynasty urgently needs to change the concept of focusing on agriculture and suppressing business. Change the fixed thinking that has been accumulated among the people for thousands of years.
It is inevitable to let business develop, let capital flow, form market allocation, and promote the progress of Ming Dynasty's national strength, science and technology, culture, and society.
But at this time, one thing must be done, something similar to the West. The key to the Western revolution lies in the Renaissance, and the key to the Ming Dynasty revolution lies in the destruction of Neo-Confucianism.
In a word, we must emancipate our minds. Zhu Yunwen knew that blindly improving Neo-Confucianism and relying on the shell of Gewu would not be able to promote business and break through barriers and constraints. At this time, learning from the Yongjia School and letting the Yongjia School come to light became an option.
The thoughts of the Yongjia School are full of practicality and are in line with the reality of the embryonic stage of capitalism. Although the theory of merit is easily despised by the Confucian school, it is not important. What is important is that Zhu Yunwen needs it and Ming Dynasty needs it.
