Longjiang Shipyard.
This is a name that has left a strong mark on the history of Chinese shipbuilding, and its legend is inseparable from its superb technology and amazing wisdom that were ahead of its time.
If you want to find a coordinate in the history of shipbuilding to prove the peak of China's shipbuilding industry, the timeline must be the Ming Dynasty, and the coordinate axis must be Longjiang Shipyard.
There is no dispute.
However, the glory and greatness of Longjiang Shipyard did not appear overnight or out of thin air. It was the third peak after the first and second peaks of the ancient Chinese shipbuilding industry.
When it comes to ancient shipbuilding, it can be described as "extremely brilliant". In the course of thousands of years of history, it was far ahead of the world for a long time.
It is recorded in the ancient book "Wu Yuan. Qi Yuan" that "Fuxi first rode on a boat, and Xuanyuan made a boat."
It can be said that during the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors period, people had mastered the earliest "shipbuilding" technology, but they were only floats, rafts, canoes, etc., such as driftwood, sheepskin rafts, and canoes made of "cut wood into boats".
Facts have proved that war has always been a catalyst for technology, from ancient times to the present, without exception.
During the Xia, Shang and Western Zhou dynasties, wooden boats and sails appeared. In order to meet the needs of the princes competing for hegemony, shipbuilding technology has also been greatly improved, and sails, rudders, and oars continued to appear.
The first peak of the shipbuilding industry appeared in the Qin and Han Dynasties.
"Huayang Guozhi" records that Sima Cuo led a hundred thousand people from Ba and Shu, tens of thousands of large ships, six million dendrobium meters, and floated the river to attack Chu...
It can be seen that during the period of Sima Cuo, the eighth ancestor of Sima Qian, the Qin State already had an astonishing number of warships.
The development of the shipbuilding industry in the Qin Dynasty was also related to war. Historical records record that in order to quell the war in the south, the Qin State organized a huge fleet to transport 500,000 shi of grain to support the front line.
Qin Shihuang also conducted five maritime cruises, accompanied by countless ships.
Many people think that Qin Shihuang was looking for Penglai Immortal Island and wanted to ask for immortality.
But I personally think that this kind of understanding underestimates this eternal emperor!
Qin Shihuang's maritime cruise is most likely a manifestation of the awakening of the Chinese people's maritime awareness. Qin Shihuang had an extreme desire for land. Now that the land is conquered, this desire will naturally be transferred to the sea beyond the land.
The evidence is that Qin Shihuang continued to migrate people to the south and coastal areas. If he wanted to live forever, there was no need for Ying Zheng to migrate on a large scale.
The navy of the Han Dynasty was very powerful. Its most important warship was called Lou Chuan. What does Lou mean? There is no need to explain it. It is embarrassing to say that it is two stories high. It is nearly ten stories high!
If someone doesn't feel this height, you can look at the floor you live on and count them to know how majestic the building boats were back then.
These building ships are often divided into three, four or five floors. Each floor is also equipped with a low wall to defend against the enemy's cold arrows, and also has windows for launching crossbows. The hull is covered with leather, just like three stacked city walls. tall buildings...
During the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Quan controlled Jiangdong and built five-story ships. Each ship could accommodate more than 3,000 people and more than 80 horses. The Titanic of later generations only had 2,000 people. Multiple people...
Shipbuilding technology in the Tang and Song Dynasties reached its second peak.
During the Tang Dynasty, maritime trade and water transportation had developed, and there were shipyards in Yangzhou, Jiaxing, Jinling and other places.
Cui Rong of the Tang Dynasty once wrote: "All the rivers in the world are gathered by boats and ships, bypassing Ba and Han, referring to Fujian and Yue in the front, seven rivers and ten rivers, three rivers and five lakes, controlling the Heluo River, and also covering the Huaihai Sea. Xiange giant ship , Thousands of ships, carrying out trade and exchange, will remain ignorant forever."
Look, there are thousands of huge Xiange ships. Putting aside the damn sentimental exaggeration of the literati, there are at least hundreds of ships coming and going on this day.
The ships of the Tang Dynasty were larger in size, with solid structures and good stability. Japan's so-called envoys to the Tang Dynasty learned the shipbuilding technology of the Tang Dynasty many times. Datang was too open and had no sense of confidentiality. A lot of good technology was lost in Japan.
The development of the shipbuilding industry in the Song Dynasty is somewhat due to the people of the Jin Dynasty. The thanks here are not to the Wanyan family for providing technical support, but because the Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed by the Wanyan family and could only go to the south of the Huaihe River, Pian'an In one corner, it became the Southern Song Dynasty.
The Southern Song Dynasty did not pay attention to ships. If someone flew over, the small court of the Southern Song Dynasty would not be able to survive. During this period, model shipbuilding technology appeared, which was to first build a scaled-down model, study it, and then build the ship...
The epoch-making watertight bulkhead technology also appeared during this period (some say it appeared in the Tang Dynasty), that is, cabins were separated by cabin boards, forming one closed cabin area after another that was not connected to each other. Even if one cabin is damaged during navigation, it will not cause the entire ship to sink.
It needs to be said that although the Titanic that sank also learned China's watertight bulkhead technology, it was not learned at home, and the technology was not up to standard. If it sank in a few hours, you can't blame others. Who asked these people to take the class? Not listening to the class well...
It stands to reason that after the Tang and Song Dynasties, it was the turn of Lao Zhu's Ming Dynasty to shine in the shipbuilding industry. After all, the Yuan Dynasty was a dynasty founded by people on horseback. It seems that the shipbuilding skills of the Yuan Dynasty are not worth mentioning.
But this is not the case. Although some people deliberately weaken the Yuan Dynasty, the glory of shipbuilding belonging to the Yuan Dynasty is indelible.
You must know that the capital of the Yuan Dynasty was in Dadu, now Beiping. At that time, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal was not smooth enough. When these people came to the Central Plains, they could not eat mutton every day. The main transportation method for the food they needed was sea transportation.
According to historical records, in the early Yuan Dynasty, the number of naval warships reached more than 17,900.
Of course, this is related to some habits of the Yuan army. For example, if a battle is about to be fought, don’t fight it yet. Build hundreds or thousands of ships before fighting...
During the Yuan Dynasty, almost all the ships sailing on the sea were Chinese four-masted ocean-going ships. There was no comparison at all with any Arabian sea-going ships.
The Ming Dynasty further developed on the basis of the shipbuilding technology of the Yuan Dynasty, and later built five-masted warships, six-masted seat ships, seven-masted grain ships, eight-masted horse ships, and nine-masted treasure ships!
The birthplace of the treasure ship is Nanjing Longjiang Shipyard!
Zhu Yunwen took several guards and went to Longjiang Shipyard with Zheng He.
Longjiang Shipyard has a long history, formerly known as the "Longwandu Shipyard" in the Southern Song Dynasty.
According to historical records, in the twelve years from the ninth year of Chunyou to the second year of Jingding (1249-1261) in the Southern Song Dynasty, a total of 3,219 ships were built and repaired, which shows its potential and scale.
When Zhu Yuanzhang captured Nanjing, Longwandu Shipyard still existed and expanded on this basis.
Longjiang Shipyard is divided into two factory areas, the southern area is the front factory and the northern area is the rear factory, both of which have direct waterways leading to the Yangtze River.
Through the promotion of Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Yunwen, Longjiang Shipyard now has nine docks, with five docks in the south and four docks in the north.
There are two main management agencies of Longjiang Shipyard, the Ministry of War and the Ministry of Industry.
The Ministry of War set up a help command office under the Longjiang Shipyard, which was responsible for supervising and supervising shipbuilding to ensure the quality of shipbuilding.
In terms of the Ministry of Industry, the Department of Water Resources is mainly responsible. There is a promotion department under the Longjiang Shipyard, which is responsible for writing shipbuilding plans and taking charge of shipbuilding affairs.
Under this, there are dozens of workshops, such as iron workshop, wooden workshop, fine wood workshop, tent workshop, cable workshop, cable workshop, paint workshop...
Even in order to supply tung oil on board, Longjiang Shipyard also planted hundreds of acres of tung trees outside to supply tung oil specifically.
Entering the dock, there is a dull and hot atmosphere.
Huang Fu, the minister of the Ministry of Industry, had already received the news and led people to wait in advance.
Zhu Yunwen didn't take a few steps when he felt some sweat on his forehead and his ears were filled with tinkling sounds.
After everyone saluted, Huang Fu introduced: "Your Majesty, this is Wan Haiping, the doctor of the Dushui Division of the Ministry of Industry, Xiao Zhi, the head of the assistant command office of the Ministry of War, and Liang Shangcai, the chief craftsman of the treasure ship..."
Zhu Yunwen nodded with a smile. After getting to know a few people, he said to Liang Shangcai: "Although it is my first time to come to Longjiang Shipyard, I have seen your name many times. The Ministry of Industry has requested credit for you several times, and I can remember them all. On."
Liang Shangcai was frightened and even said he did not dare.
Zhu Yunwen looked into the distance and said with some excitement: "I've been looking forward to it for a long time, and it's finally happened. Come on, take me to see it first!"
Huang Fu led the way, and after walking not far, he walked around a wide and long dam, and could see a huge ship docked in the dock in the distance.
"Treasure ship!"
Zhu Yunwen was deeply attracted by the giant boat in front of him.
There is a majestic tiger head relief on the front of the bow, a solemn flying dragon relief on the front of both sides, and a roc with wings spread above the stern plate.
The ship in front of me can be called the aircraft carrier of later generations. It is 44 feet long and 18 feet wide. If converted, the length is roughly 145 meters and the width is nearly 60 meters. This means that on such a ship , you can ride a horse back and forth, hold a 100-meter race, maybe you don’t even need to draw an arc...
The ship is more than ten feet high and is divided into four floors. Each floor has gun emplacements along both sides of the ship's side. The dark windows are open, but no artillery has been installed inside.
"Please also ask the chief craftsman to introduce me to you."
Zhu Yunwen looked solemn and said sincerely.
Liang Shangcai pointed to the wide gangway in front and said to Zhu Yunwen: "Your Majesty, please board the ship and take a look."
Zhu Yunwen nodded and glanced at Zheng He beside him. This guy was also obsessed. After all, he looked forward to the ocean more because of his faith.
Stepping onto the gangway and boarding the treasure ship, you will find a wide deck with a front cabin at the bow and a four-story helm house at the stern.
Liang Shangcai pointed to the direction of the helm and explained: "Your Majesty, this helm is the core of the treasure ship. The first floor is the helmsman's operating room and the residence of the medical officer. The second floor is the residence of officials, generals and foreign envoys. The third floor is There is a shrine dedicated to the Mazu gods, and the top floor is a place for observing the weather, sending signals, and commanding the fleet..."
Zhu Yunwen took a deep breath. The wisdom of the ancients must not be underestimated. Although they did not understand so much physics, they had already made achievements that attracted the world's attention based on their experience and thinking.
ps:
This chapter pays tribute to the ancestors of the ancient shipbuilding industry.
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