In Zhu Yunwen's conception, Jingshi Junior College was equivalent to the six-year primary school in later generations.
The ancient education system was mainly divided into two contents, one was official education and the other was private education.
Official schools are schools directly established and managed by the central government or local courts. They can be understood as national schools. They are called Taixue or Guozijian in the central government, and they are called prefectural and county schools in the local area.
"The Rites of Zhou" records: "There are Xiang (xiang) in the village, order in the state, school in the party, and private school in the village."
Xiang, Xu, Xiao and Shu are the names of local schools at all levels in ancient times. Many people know "school" and "school", but do not understand "Xiu" and "Xu". However, in some historical ancient college monuments, they are often engraved with The four words "Yinze Xiangxu" refer to Yinze School.
Official learning appeared as early as the Western Zhou Dynasty and has continued continuously.
Government schools do not charge tuition fees, but they are responsible for food and housing. After graduation, they are also assigned jobs. It’s not like if you become a disciple of Confucius and have to give bacon as a gift.
What needs to be said is that the original official school was essentially an official school for the powerful. If you are an ordinary person and want to study in an official school, you have no chance.
If you want to learn at this time, the best way is to raise a pig, kill it and make bacon, and send it to Mr. Kong and Mr. Meng...
The opening of official schools to civilians gradually developed with the imperial examination system and existed between the Tang and Song Dynasties.
Although Zhu Yuanzhang came from a grassroots background, he knew the importance of education. In the early days of the Ming Dynasty, he said bluntly:
"To govern a country, education must come first, and the way of education is based on schools. Although there is Taixue in the capital today, schools in the country have not yet emerged. It is appropriate to order all counties and counties to establish schools to teach Confucianism, teach students and disciples, and preach the holy way. Day by day, the moon is changing, to restore the old ways of the previous kings and to eradicate the polluting habits."
Coupled with the war at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, in the Yuan Dynasty, "schools existed in name only" and "schools were in ruins, and human discipline was in ruins." Zhu Yuanzhang paid close attention to education.
Initially, the Guozixue (the predecessor of the Guozijian) was established, and then an order was issued: "Counties and counties all over the world will establish schools together." Schools were set up in all prefectures, prefectures, and counties across the country. Instructors such as Jiaoyu.
In the eighth year of Hongwu's reign, Zhu Yuanzhang issued an edict to "order the world to establish social studies." The emergence of social studies can be said to be Zhu Yuanzhang's greatness, because he popularized education among the people, allowing the common people to read and read.
Zhu Yuanzhang stipulated that every fifty households in Fuzhou and County should set up a social school for children under the age of twenty to attend school.
Zhu Yuanzhang's behavior was good, but he did not accomplish anything good.
The reason is also very simple. The main courses of sociology are two: "Da Gao" and "Da Ming Law".
You ask the young men to listen to you every day about this law, that regulation, and punishments such as beheading and skinning. No one is willing to listen. It will be strange if it does not leave a psychological shadow after a long time.
Without asking whether the children are going to herd sheep or whether the cabbage at home has been sold, they just drag them to attend classes. This is very disturbing.
When Zhu Yuanzhang heard that the children still had housework, he raised his hand and abolished social studies.
Well, Ming Dynasty’s official primary school ended without any problem.
But a few years later, Zhu Yuanzhang felt that children should not delay their studies even if they had housework, so he waved his hand, and in the 16th year of Hongwu, social studies were restored.
However, Zhu Yuanzhang still corrected his mistake after he realized it. Since the official primary school is disturbing the people, then change it to a private primary school. As for the tuition fees, that is your own business. If you want to learn, pay it. If you don't want to learn, then continue to feed pigs and sell cabbage.
In addition to prefecture and county studies and social studies, Zhu Yuanzhang also paid attention to the education issues of ethnic minorities, and established Xuanwei Division Confucianism and Appeasement Division Confucianism in Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan and other places.
In addition to these "undergraduate" schools, there are also vocational schools in Ming Dynasty such as medicine and yin and yang.
The popularization of citizen culture and the prosperity of academic style in the Ming Dynasty are all related to Zhu Yuanzhang's education system.
"History of the Ming Dynasty" gave Zhu Yuanzhang high praise in this regard:
"There is no place to build but no place to build
The learning style of the Ming Dynasty was so prosperous that it was unmatched since the Tang and Song Dynasties. "
Although what the historian said may seem flattering and flattering, it is an indisputable fact that Zhu Yuanzhang valued education.
The later sage Wang Yangming admired Zhu Yuanzhang's civilian education and integrated it into his own educational philosophy.
Zhu Yunwen established the Capital Junior College, firstly to fill the gap in government-run elementary schools and to cooperate with the subsequent reform of the Imperial College; secondly, to deal with the White Lotus Sect.
In the strategy proposed by the cabinet and the Hanlin Academy to deal with the White Lotus Sect, in addition to advocating severe punishment and monitoring, it also proposed one point, which is to enlighten the people's wisdom.
This point of view was put forward by Yao Guangxiao. He believed that people who are uneducated will not obey management. If you don’t believe it, look at it. The Tatars and Oaras in the north and the chieftains in the south are often noisy in the mountains. Most of them are simple-minded and well-developed limbs.
Looking back at history, literate people rarely rebel.
If you don’t believe it, go to a history book and make a list of rebels since ancient times. Illiterate and semi-illiterate people make up the vast majority...
Zhu Yuanzhang was also illiterate at the beginning, but he became self-taught during the rebellion. Even at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, he could not write imperial edicts well.
For example, when the Japanese came, Zhu Yuanzhang wrote an imperial edict:
Emperor Fengtian Chengyun issued an edict: Tell the people to prepare their knives. These guys are coming. Kill them first. Admire this.
Such domineering vernacular...
Yao Guangxiao's suggestion was adopted by the Hanlin Academy and approved by Zhu Yunwen. In addition, it was a foregone conclusion that the victims of the disaster would enter the capital. Those who brought their families with them had to be accommodated.
The officials are wary of women enrolling in school, feel uncomfortable, and will object, so let's find another way.
Disaster victims come to the capital to work. Isn't it appropriate to leave their children at home?
Taking them to study together in a college can not only solve the children's learning problems, but also relieve the victims of the disaster from worries, so they can devote themselves to work, right?
Everyone has become victims of the disaster, but you still care about boys and girls?
Their current identity is only one, that is, the people affected by the disaster in the Ming Dynasty.
Xu Miaojin looked at Zhu Yunwen in surprise, then lowered his head to look at the architectural drawing in his hand. After thinking for a while, he asked: "Your Majesty, brother is not joking, is he?"
"I will not joke about this kind of thing. The location of the Capital Junior College should be arranged around the Imperial College. All expenses can be spent in the name of the Queen."
Zhu Yunwen said seriously.
Ma Enhui turned her head and glanced at Zhu Yunwen without any objection.
The queen was considerate of the people and spent her own money to take care of their children. No matter how much the officials acted, they could not explain why.
Xu Miaojin looked at Zhu Yunwen who had picked her off completely, and couldn't help but admire him: "The emperor's strategizing is extraordinary. The minister then went to find the address, and then went to the palace to ask the queen sister for money."
"This is the first time I don't want to see you..."
Ma Enhui said with a smile.
Xu Miaojin laughed and left the palace without staying long.
A few days later, on the north bank of the Yangtze River.
Li Laosan looked at the majestic Yangtze River in front of him and couldn't help but feel fear. Compared with Luohe River, the width of the Yangtze River in front of him was really rare.
"Old squad leader, which door do you think we should go to?"
Li Jiu pulled his son over and asked while looking at the water of the Yangtze River.
Li Laosan was too lazy to pay attention to Li Jiu. This guy was just a lackadaisical guy. He didn't want to go to the capital at first, but later he wanted to go, but when he saw that no one was moving, he gave up.
Later, when there were more and more people, he went to report it.
"I've asked about it. There is a large granary outside Jinchuan Gate. I heard that it will store millions of stones of grain. Should we go there to work? At least we won't be hungry."
"The Exotic Land Development of Vegetable-Growing Skeletons"
Li Jiu believed that his choice was right and urged Li Laosan to join him.
Li Laosan glanced at Li Jiu and said, "How did you find out?"
Li Jiu was stunned for a moment and said: "How else can I ask? Isn't it just asking the capital's three gates, which gate has the most food? We ordinary people are afraid of starving, so we will dig wherever the food is."
"Are you a rat?"
"yes."
"I……"
Li Laosan wanted to kick Li Jiu into the Yangtze River. He looked around and whispered: "I tell you, don't go to Jinchuan Gate, go to Dongshui Pass. That's the treasure there. Trust me."
"Tsk, Dongshui Pass. Just hearing the name means you know that it is next to water. What good can it do?"
Li Jiu was unwilling.
Li Laosan smiled quite confidently and said: "Jinchuan Gate is no longer close to the water? Do you know where you enter Dongshui Pass?"
"where?"
Li Jiu asked.
Li Laosan whispered: "After entering Dongshui Pass, not far away is West Chang'an Street. From West Chang'an Street to the east, there is East Chang'an Street. That's where the imperial government office is located, and the palace is there. Let's Since we are all here in the capital, we naturally want to be closer to the emperor."
Li Jiu widened his eyes, became excited, and said: "Then let's go to Dongshui Pass, next to the palace, so we won't be beaten to death. If we have time to go to the city, haha, we can be considered people who have entered the capital. .”
"It depends on what you said. The government asked us to come here to work. As long as we work hard, no one will hit us. Follow the old brother and when we get to the other side, we will go to Dongshui Pass, but don't go to Jinchuan Gate. Listen That place is ten miles away from the palace."
"so far?"
Li Jiu was in disbelief.
Li Laosan laughed and said wistfully: "There are many merchants in Dongshui Pass. Although merchants have a bad reputation, they will never be mean to us in front of the official's house. Let's go, the ship is coming."
At the court meeting, Zheng Cihui, Minister of Industry, reported: “Since the construction of Sanmenwai Residence began, more than 30,000 migrant workers have been recruited and a total of 10,000 simple residences have been built. There are still 5,000 under construction, which consumes the country’s resources. There are more than 80,000 taels of infants."
The so-called simple residence is the original courtyard house. A yard is built around it, and dozens of houses are built in the yard. The houses are built to the standards of being habitable and not collapsing. They build a few pillars, lay a few wooden boards, and surround them. , put a large water tank in the yard, and that's basically it.
It's too simple, so it's very fast.
This kind of building is not suitable for long-term living, but it can be more or less rainproof, snowproof, and windproof.
There was no time to customize a personal bed, so in order to keep up with the schedule, the Ministry of Engineering directly made mounds of soil, piled them into a kang, and covered them with straw. Then, this was the place to sleep.
Zhu Yunwen is also aware of the problem of simple residences, but time waits for no one. If he builds them carefully, when the victims arrive in the capital, they will have to build floors outside.
"How many disaster victims from various places have entered the capital? Can the reporting results be calculated?"
Zhu Yunwen asked.
Zhuo Jing, the left minister of the Ministry of Revenue, left his shift, glanced at the numbers on the wat board, and said: "Back to the emperor, floods in Fengyang have affected 180,000 people. A total of 46,000 victims have been reported from various places in Beijing. There are more than 5,300 victims who have entered the capital. On the other side of the Yangtze River, there are about 18,000 victims waiting to be picked up. The remaining victims will arrive in the capital one after another."
"Huang Zicheng, the Minister of Household Affairs, is not here. Then you will be responsible for the disaster relief in the capital. You must not bully the people or practice favoritism. If there is a problem, I will only ask you."
Zhu Yunwen said solemnly.
"I must be attentive to bring peace to the people."
Zhuo Jing received the order and returned.
Zhu Yunwen saw that there was no more original memorial, so he said: "Zheng Ci went to the Wuying Hall to wait and retreat from the court."
Wuying Palace.
Zheng Ci saluted Zhu Yunwen, who had changed into regular clothes. Zhu Yunwen asked directly: "Zheng Aiqing is the minister of the Ministry of Industry of the Ming Dynasty. He should know the distribution of mountain stone minerals. Do you know where there are limestone mines near the capital?"
