"Quie Miaochun! How dare you sleep in my class? Stand up and answer the questions." The old teacher on the podium had silver hair.
The purple-haired boy stood up disdainfully, looking a little leisurely and lazy.
"Bipolar disorder." The teacher tapped the blackboard.
"Bipolar disorder (BD), also known as bipolar disorder, is a common mental disorder characterized by both manic or hypomanic episodes and depressive episodes (typical features). The first onset can occur at any age.
During a manic episode, patients have symptoms such as heightened emotion, increased verbal activity, and high energy; during a depressive episode, patients often exhibit symptoms such as low mood, loss of pleasure, decreased verbal activity, and fatigue.
The patient's clinical manifestations are complex. The complexity is reflected in the repeated, alternating, and irregular presentation of low or high mood, accompanied by symptoms such as distraction, rashness, exaggeration, wandering thinking, hyperresponsiveness, decreased sleep, and increased speech. . Anxiety, obsessions, and substance abuse are also common, and psychiatric symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, or catatonic symptoms may also occur.
The course of the disease evolves in many forms, ranging from episodic, cyclical, mixed migratory, and ebb and flow, such as three depressive periods followed by two manic periods. The intermittent period may be long or short. During the intermittent period, social functions are relatively normal, but social functions may also be impaired. After repeated attacks, the frequency of attacks becomes faster and the condition becomes more complex. "
What is the prevalence of bipolar disorder in the population?
In 2011, WHO launched a mental health survey plan. 11 countries and regions in the Americas, Asia and Europe, including Shenzhen, China, conducted this survey. The results showed that the global lifetime prevalence rate of bipolar disorder was 2.4% (bipolar disorder). The lifetime prevalence rates of cognitive disorder type I, type II and unspecified are 0.6%, 0.4% and 1.4% respectively).
age
Bipolar disorder mainly occurs in early adulthood. Survey data shows that the average age of onset of bipolar disorder type I is 18 years old, and the average age of onset of bipolar disorder type II is 25 years old.
gender
Bipolar I disorder is almost equally prevalent in men and women, while rapid-cycling, bipolar II disorder is more common in women.
Male patients mostly suffer from manic episodes, while women mostly present with depressive episodes for the first time, or more depressive episodes or mixed episodes during the course of the disease. The onset time is more likely to occur during menopause and postpartum, and may be related to endocrine system dysfunction, etc. related factors.
What are the types of bipolar disorder?
The American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) classifies bipolar disorder into:
Bipolar I disorder
At least 1 manic episode.
Bipolar II disorder
Never had a full-blown manic episode; had at least 1 hypomanic episode and at least 1 major depressive episode.
cyclothymic disorder
The patient presented with multiple episodes of hypomanic symptoms and multiple episodes of depressive symptoms; however, the severity, pervasiveness, or duration of the symptom episodes were insufficient to meet full criteria for a manic episode or a major depressive episode.
bipolar and related disorders
Patients with substance/drug-induced bipolar and related disorders experience elevated, abnormally euphoric, or irritable moods, which may or may not be accompanied by depression during periods of substance intoxication or withdrawal. "
"Yes, your learning attitude needs to be improved. Sit down." The teacher waved his hand and Que Miaochun sat down.
