The Fubing System is an inescapable topic for all studies on the history of the Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui and Tang Dynasties. Michio Tanigawa, a famous historian of the Kyoto School in Japan, simply put forward the national theory of the Fubing System: that is, the series of Western Wei - Northern Zhou - Sui and Tang Dynasties originated in the Guanlong area The dynasty itself was established by the Fubing Group, that is, the influential local right-wingers in the countryside broke down the old class barriers and gained their own upward path by submitting their armed forces directly to the emperor.
It is generally believed that in the ninth year of the reign of the Western Wei Dynasty (AD 543), Yuwentai suffered heavy losses after the Battle of Mangshan. He began to establish rural commanders in various states to recruit soldiers, which was the beginning of the government army system. At that time, the person who was responsible for the task of recruiting soldiers was deeply trusted by Yuwentai, and There are famous surnames with great prestige in Guanlong: such as Su Chun, Wei Qi, Guo Yan and others. However, it is the powerful right-wing class with lower reputation and status than them who really lead the rural soldiers to join the Western Wei Dynasty. These powerful right-wingers follow the The order of the generals of the army - commander of the army - military leader - chief governor - commander-in-chief - governor - Kaifu Yitong - general - Zhu Guo's sequence is promoted based on meritorious service.
Lai Hu'er, Zhang Dinghe, Fan Zigai and others are their outstanding representatives, thus breaking the situation since the Wei and Jin Dynasties that the top class had no Han family and the bottom class had no aristocratic family. At the same time, it also supported the unification war of the Long Dynasty. The official ranks at that time also prove this point. According to the official system of the Tang Dynasty, the Zhechong Xiaowei of Yizhou Zhechong Prefecture had only more than a thousand people under his command, but he was a fourth-rank official, on the same level as the governor of Yizhou.
The collapse of the government army system is believed to be due to the continuous decline in the economic and political status of the government soldiers. Households began to flee, morale was low, and the number of soldiers that could be recruited was getting smaller and smaller. Finally, during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong, there were no more soldiers to recruit. It can only be replaced by recruiting troops. But Wang Wenzuo, who was in the military, saw a more cruel reality - too many people in the household died, which was beyond the capacity of the military service class. According to the requirements of the Tang Dynasty's military system, soldiers must bear their own military supplies, clothing, light weapons and pack animals. Only the powerful rightists and wealthy farmers who accounted for a small number of the total population were able to undertake military service.
Although the Tang army had more victories than defeats in foreign wars during the reigns of Emperor Taizong and Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, it could not withstand the blossoming of three sides of the Tang Dynasty: Liuzhao, Tubo, Tuyuhun, East Turks, West Turks, Tiele, Khitan, Uighur, Xueyantuo, Goguryeo, Baekje, etc. The country was the enemy of the Tang Dynasty. Starting from the conquest of the Turks in the fourth year of Zhenguan (630), they had been fighting almost every day for thirty years.
The economic losses of the households can be made up with tax exemptions and rewards, but the dead cannot be resurrected, and even if they give birth to children, it will take time to grow up. The reason why Wang Wenzuo was forced to join the army to conquer Baekje for the son of the family leader was because his eldest son, second son, and third son had all died in the previous wars against Goguryeo and Seoyanduo, leaving only the last son. In a sense, the large-scale foreign conquest wars in the early Tang Dynasty gradually changed the nature of the empire. The Fuhu group that originally formed the backbone of the empire was drained of blood, and naturally it was no longer a "state with a military system."
"Then what should we do?" Cui Hongdu's question was almost squeezed out of his throat, trembling slightly.
"Ascend!"
"Go up?"
"Yes, if we cannot be promoted, sooner or later we will turn into a pile of withered bones and be buried in a foreign land. Even if we are not here, we will be in Mobei, Anxi, Liuzhao, and Tubo. Sooner or later!" Wang Wenzuo whispered: "Only when we are promoted to the rank of Zhechong, Protector of the First House, General Manager of the First Class, and under the disciples of Zhongshu, can our voices be heard directly by the heavens and our destiny can be changed!"
"Yes, you are right!" Cui Hongdu was completely convinced by Wang Wenzuo: "I understand what you mean. No matter how dangerous it is to guard Jin Renwen this time, at least there is hope, which is better than endless fighting with barbarians! "
Quan Gaesumun wore a gold crown on his head, gold rings on his ears, a gold necklace on his neck, and a dark purple brocade robe. When he stepped into the main entrance of the hall, all the nobles bowed their knees respectfully to him - except the King of Goguryeo on the throne. . As if he didn't see it, Quan Gaisuwen strode through the crowd of ministers and stopped only three steps away from the throne. The King of Goguryeo subconsciously shrank back, his back pressed against the hard backrest.
"Your Majesty! I have defeated the Tang people at Sheshui and killed the Tang people's generals. The Tang people's army is retreating north, and the Mohe people are pursuing them!"
"Okay, very good!" The King of Goguryeo was a thin young man with slender shoulders that could not hold up the gorgeous court uniform. He tried his best to straighten his chest and make his voice stronger: "Da Molizhi, what are you doing? You have made great achievements, and I will reward you heavily!"
There was a burst of sneers from the crowd on both sides. Quan Gaisuwen had long been a very popular minister and could not be promoted. Even the official position of Da Mo Li Zhi was specially created by him. How else would the King of Goguryeo reward him? ? Do you want to give up your throne to Izumigasu Wen?
This is not impossible.
"Thank you for your kindness, Your Majesty!" There was no trace of gratitude on Quan Gaisuwen's face. He immediately turned around, with his back to the King of Goguryeo on the throne, and said to the ministers in a deep voice: "Although the Tang Army on the North Road Retreat, but the Tang Army on the South Road is still under Pyongyang City. This is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity, and we must kill them to pieces so that they will never dare to invade our border again!"
"Kill all without leaving a single piece of armor behind, don't dare to invade our border!" The voices of the ministers hovered under the hall, bringing echoes. Looking at the generous and majestic back of Quan Gaisuwen, the King of Goguryeo felt very conflicted. He That is to say, he hoped that Quan Gaisuwen could defeat the Tang army and eliminate the threat to the country; but he was also afraid that Quan Gaisu Wen would usurp the throne with his huge prestige after defeating the foreign enemies. It is difficult to describe the feeling in his heart.
"Let's have a military meeting next!" Quan Gaisuwen gave the order as if no one was watching, then turned around and bowed his head to the King of Goguryeo: "It's getting late, your Majesty must be a little tired, please come and help your Majesty return to the palace to rest! "
As the King of Goguryeo left the hall, the atmosphere became tense. The people around the long table were all members of the kingdom's ruling core. Quan Gaesumun's two sons occupied his left and right hands respectively. The second son, Quan Yuan Nanjian, hung on the table. His hands were shaking slightly - he was a little nervous about his father's next question.
"Yuan Nanjian, please tell me what happened these days!"
"Yes!" Quanyuan Nanjian stood up. He was obviously well prepared. He stuttered a little at first, but soon became fluent. He introduced each mountain city, each one in order from south to north. Although the situation of the Goguryeo army in each section of the barrier is somewhat trivial, it is quite detailed, and it obviously took a lot of effort.
"You didn't send troops out of the city to attack!"
"ah?"
The person who interrupted the speech was Quan Gaesumun. Quan Yuan met his father's bottomless eyes and felt his mouth was dry: "Yes, but you only ask me to defend Pyongyang City!"
Lewen
