"The Horqin tribe, Kui Meng Ke and Tas Hara, bow to the sky to see His Majesty the Khan! Your Majesty may live forever!"
"The Khalkha tribe, His Majesty the Khan of Hu La Ha Chi Kowtow to Heaven!"
"Duo Luo tribe, Huo Luo Chi knocks to see His Majesty the Heavenly Khan, who has the destiny of eternal life, nurtures all nations, is wise and wise, and wishes you a long life without borders!"
...
Following the sound of the announcement, the Mongolian "Khans" lined up outside the emperor's golden tent, under the guidance of officials from the Ministry of Rites, entered the tent in order according to the day they arrived at Saihanba, knelt down to Zhu Yijun, and expressed their surrender.
Half an hour later, more than eighty "Khans" of various Mongolian tribes filled the big tent. Some of them came from the "Western Sea", that is, Qinghai, and some came from Mobei. They accounted for more than half of the people who came to the court, and they were still the Monan Mongolian tribes that had the most dealings with the Ming Dynasty.
Although there were a large number of people, the chiefs did not whisper to each other. They only smiled and nodded when they met acquaintances. After everyone sat down, they lowered their heads and looked at the golden pot and golden bowl on the wooden table in front of them, which contained amber milk tea. Because the whole ceremony took too long, the milk tea was already cold.
Except for King Shunyi, Zhu Yijun, the other chiefs, did not know any of the other chiefs, so he had no greetings with the Mongolian chiefs who were prostrating, and they sat there like clay puppets and wooden sculptures.
In this way, although the chiefs felt that the emperor was young and somewhat heroic, their first impression was not very good - it was in line with their own imagination of the Chinese emperor, aloof but powerless.
The reason why everyone was not rude was that in addition to the decisive role played by the two heads of Tumen Khan and Kunduliha, the Ying Yangjun guarding them outside the golden tent also left a deep impression on the chiefs. impression.
More than ten years ago, many familiar faces in Yingyang's army were "comrades" who fought side by side with the chiefs of Monan Mongolia, and the proceeds from killing and looting were divided according to the agreed terms.
Now I see them with helmets on their heads and swords on their waists. With their chests and belly protruding out, and their heads raised proudly, the Mongolian chieftains who came with them had mixed feelings: they were envious of the Jurchen tribe who were living a good life, and they were also afraid of the Ming Dynasty court. , more of a confusion about his future and destiny.
When Shen Shixing, the Minister of Rites, saw that everyone had gathered, he asked for an order to proceed with the next step. The emperor replied "yes".
Immediately, an official selected by the imperial court who was proficient in Mongolian stood up and said: "There is a decree, all the chiefs will kneel and listen!" After hearing this, everyone stood up and knelt down beside the small table.
Before the official announced the edict, the chiefs suddenly heard the emperor saying in Mongolian on the throne: "The edict is very long, so you don't have to kneel." The words were spoken in a smooth tone, and many of the chiefs trembled after hearing this.
This is something that is not part of the process, and the chiefs are not trained. The officials of the Ministry of Rites were buzzing when they heard this, fearing that so many people would mess up the rules. The announcer did not dare to delay, so he had to say: "After thanking you, please return and sit down."
What I didn't expect was that although the voices of gratitude were mixed, everyone thanked Tian En before sitting back down, and they sat back without being rude.
The edict officer wiped his forehead with his sleeve and announced the edict in Mongolian: "I, Emperor Taizu, inherited the destiny of the late Yuan Dynasty. The dragon flew to Haoliang and wiped out the heroes. He eliminated violence and saved the people, brought order to chaos, and became an emperor in less than ten years. It has been more than two hundred years since Ke established the great unification!"
"At that time, Emperor Taizu thought that 'I am the lord of the world and China is uninterrupted. Although the surnames are different, they are all the same'. He successively issued edicts to the remnants of the Meng Yuan Dynasty, saying, 'If you are able to lead the people back, you will be promoted as a whole.' etc. He also told the Yuan Lord, 'If you can understand the destiny of heaven and come back with a jade in your hand, you should treat him with special courtesy' and so on."
"At that time, the old Yuan Dynasty left Yuyang in the north and traveled across the desert to restore the old capital without losing the old things. There were no less than a million bowmen, and the tribes who had surrendered were no less than thousands of miles away, and they were equipped to carry out military campaigns. It is still necessary to rely on it, but it is useful, and it is still necessary to have all the camels, horses, cattle and sheep.”
"His ambition is to survive by chance. Emperor Taizu had no choice but to raise troops to clear the desert. The expedition was futile, and he chased death to the north. In the battle of Yu'erhai, the Yuan lord Tuogusi Timur could only ride a few horses He took off his clothes and was hanged by Yesu Die'er within a few days."
...
The entire edict is indeed "very long" as Zhu Yijun said. The main content of the edict is to sort out the two hundred years of grievances and resentments between the grasslands and the Han Dynasty from the perspectives of the Han and Mongolians. It expresses deep regret for the reality that people from both sides are originally from China, but they are constantly fighting each other, and proposes a solution. plan.
This edict of more than 6,000 words became the programmatic document of national policies in this time and space. It abandons the "political correctness" of the Ming Dynasty's previous court documents that "regarded the strong as barbarians", and evaluated the more significant conflicts and "mutual trade" from the perspectives of both sides, thus allowing the audience to Come to a conclusion: If both sides could properly handle conflicts and manage differences at that time, we would not be as miserable as we are now.
For example, when describing that Mongolia had been at war with the Ming Dynasty for many years, resulting in a state of fragmentation and endless attacks and killings, the edict said: "There was great chaos in the grasslands, and the people with the different surname "Site" dominated the army and frequently abolished and established. Since ancient times, Timur thought of Afterwards, the commanders of the army took possession of him and passed it to Kun Timur, where he was killed. In such troubled times, the armor and stomach never leave the body, and the bow and knife never let go. They move east and west. The old cannot live their whole life, and the young cannot live in peace. Also. If there is any disaster, the deceased will rest on his pillow." [Note 1]
The imperial edict did not mince words about the Ming court's own failures and existing problems: "After it gained momentum, it demanded Chinese property, and the age increased... And the envoy sent by the imperial court, A Mei, also went first to demand No one is allowed to do anything, but since the income is only four or five tenths, it is therefore a complaint."
"When the people of Han and Mongolia were trading with each other, the silks of the Han people were not enough to be cut; the boots and hats could not be worn alone, and they were broken. The quarrels, insults, and threats with bows and knives accumulated over time, resulting in military disasters - the Civil War Changes , the pain is so deep!”
Although the edict was translated into Mongolian, it was translated into Chinese by an interpreter while reading it. The senior officials in the Golden Account, such as Zhang Siwei and Shen Shixing, had read the original text of the imperial edict before, but their expressions remained unchanged at this time. Han officials, who had never seen the content of the imperial edict before, changed their minds when they heard that the edict talked about the Tumu Fort incident and contained many self-criticisms.
As for the Mongolian chiefs who listened to the emperor's edict, their faces turned red and their breathing was heavy. It was obvious that they were all uneasy in their hearts. They never expected that the emperor's edict viewed the conflict between Mongolia and Han so objectively.
In fact, the imperial edict was not objective. Before and after the Tumubao Incident, there was an intention to restore the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty. Therefore, this war was inevitable, but it was not the accumulation of contradictions that led to conflicts as mentioned in the imperial edict. But to be honest, not one of the Mongolian chiefs here is proficient in history. They couldn't hear the edict's tone of avoiding the important and taking the easy.
...
Subsequently, the edict reviewed the relationship between Han and Mongolia after "Ida paid tribute": "Thanks to our emperor, we can calm down the troops and calm the people. We can stop the ravages of the land and avoid the poison of the living beings..." and analyzed both sides. The necessity of mutual trading:
"You are scattered in the deserts and grasslands. People do not cultivate and weave, and the land has no other products. The pots, cauldrons, needles and threads for daily use must be cast by the Han people; the silks, satins, and silks can only be purchased from each other. If the imperial court denies tribute and closes the market, the only option is to plunder. That’s all.”
"...The only thing that was gained by the plan was to plunder and pay tribute to the city. After Dayan Khan, every time he invaded the bandit, the older generation would have hundreds of thousands, the middle generation would have more than ten thousand, and the younger generation would have several thousand. But how much did he get? But the men and horses were more likely to kill and injure them. When the imperial troops and horses were strong, as was the case with Tumen Khan and Kunduliha the year before last, they were of no different kind."
When all the captives heard the words "excellent in kind", they all trembled: The Chahar tribe is so powerful. It is controlled by the eldest son of Dayan Khan, the most powerful golden family after Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty. It is known as the Central Ten Thousand People. household. Sunit, Ujumqin, Haqite, Keshiketeng, Aohan, Naiman and other tribes all respected Tumen Khan. Although the various ministries cannot fight for Tumen Khan, their strong momentum is completely sufficient - the total number of people who control the strings exceeds 50,000.
However, the previous wars were lackluster for Ming Dynasty. Bangkok's vicious tactics are a joke in front of the Wanli 14-type musket. There was no use rolling up yurts and migrating. The Han people used four-wheeled carriages to carry soldiers' supplies. Not only did they move faster than tribes migrated, they could also use carriages to form vehicle formations.
Times have changed! The Mongolian soldiers who escaped with their lives after the battle with the Ming army all said that their biggest feeling was that the morale of the Ming army was extremely high and their desire to fight was extremely strong, which was completely different from the weak state of the Han people for more than a hundred years.
Forty-two years ago, in the 21st year of Jiajing, Anda Khan led 50,000 cavalry and marched in, plundering Shanxi. He "broke ten guards, thirty-eight prefectures and counties, and killed and plundered more than 200,000 people." Jiajing II In the 19th year, during the famous "Gengwu Rebellion", Anda Khan besieged the capital. Along the way, the Ming army "did not dare to fire a single shot" and "plundered more than two million people and animals."
The Mongols at that time recorded this period of history in the form of lyrics: "The dazzling Altan Khan led 30,000 households to fight, / surrounded the city of Suburgatu in the Han region and reached the Blongir River, / the drunken Han people went on their own Come and surrender, / and make them file away, with women and children riding in cars. When they were released, the first of the captives arrived at Ulan Mulun, / and the last of them had not yet left the Great Wall."
Until the time of "An Da Feng Tribute", the Mongolians in Monan also believed that one Mongolian soldier could defeat five Han soldiers. In order to preserve the political achievements of "Anda Tribute", Anda Khan made thirteen agreements with various ministries, all in detail - the main content was to restrain the Mongols from bullying the Han people in mutual trade.
However, everything has changed. At this time, the emperor who was sitting on the throne, whom they called the "Khan of Heaven", turned all the soldiers and horses on the nine sides into killing machines in just seven or eight years. With a fierce look, waiting for the tribes outside the border wall to make fatal mistakes - mistakes like those of Tumen Khan and Kunduliha.
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