"Ma Junxian!" "Chaosheng, you passed the preparatory exam!"
In the square in front of the newly completed auditorium of Beijing Normal University, Ma Junxian, the son of "Martyr Ma Wenying", was slapped hard on the shoulder by the middle-aged man next to him. Then he excitedly pointed to the big list posted on the high wall, happy The ground will jump.
Ma Junxian's eyes were red, and he bowed to the end and said: "Thank you, uncle. Without uncle to take care of me, how would my nephew be today?"
Uncle Ma Junxian smiled and said: "Well, you and me, my nephew and uncle, don't say anything polite. I was going to Beijing to see what the pastry shop in the capital is doing."
After saying that, he wiped his face and said, "Thankfully, Lord Hai Rui has guarantored you. Otherwise, you, the son of a criminal, would never have the chance to be admitted to the Capital University. No matter what you do in the future, you must not forget Lord Hai."
Ma Junxian nodded in agreement. The two of them had not been excited for a few minutes when a young man with a mustache wearing the emblem of the Capital University on his chest came over and said: "Your name is Ma Junxian? Come, come here. Can you afford the tuition? Two years of preparatory school, three years of university, ten years each year." Two. If you can’t get it, come here and fill out the work-study form.”
Uncle Ma Junxian smiled and said: "Thank you, sir. I am this child's uncle, and his tuition fees have been prepared."
Ma Junxian stopped and said: "My nephew has already spent too much on my uncle. My nephew is already a man, so there is no reason to use my uncle's money anymore. Besides, I won't be tired from doing some work -"
His uncle said: "How can this be true! Chaosheng, you are here to study, not to work! Mr. Menghai will take care of you. You still have four acres of good paddy fields at home, so you can make some money. Don't work, uncle. Don’t worry. Besides, if you enter this university in the future, you will be a disciple of the royal family, which is a matter of honoring your ancestors! It’s only a matter of fifty taels, so don’t make any noise.”
Seeing that he couldn't compete with his uncle, Ma Junxian had no choice but to obey. His uncle looked at the second-placed candidate and said, "Oh, I wish I was born ten years later and could come here for a visit. I heard people say that the gentlemen here all know astronomy and geography, and they are five hundred in total." Everything can be done with just a few clicks, and all of them are like Grandpa Liu Bowen. If you can be his disciple, I don’t know how much your abilities will increase!"
After hearing this, Ma Junxian looked at the place where he was studying, with infinite longing in his eyes.
Then he saw his uncle turning his head slightly, cupping his hands in the direction of the Forbidden City and saying, "I just hope that the emperor will live forever, so that we, the common people, will always have hope in our lives!"
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On the first day of August in the tenth year of Wanli, the imperial court promulgated the "Edict on Universal Education" and the "Regulations on the Administration of Imperial Examinations." On the same day, the Ming Dynasty Capital University, the world's first truly comprehensive modern university, opened. Emperor Zhu Yijun attended the opening ceremony and delivered a speech.
In the Ming Dynasty, when basic education was not fully implemented, the application examination and recommendation system was used for admission to Capital University. Anyone who is interested in becoming a new scholar can enter the preparatory program or directly enter the Capital University by applying and taking the entrance examination.
In local prefectures and counties, any talented person under the age of thirty can be recommended for admission by the local government. The construction and operating expenses of Capital University were borne by the royal family and had nothing to do with the imperial government's expenditures.
However, Capital University still charges tuition fees, which is the first of its kind for official fee-based education. Scholars in the Ming Dynasty entered the scholar stage and were divided into Gongsheng, Linsheng and Zengsheng. Gongsheng students went to the Imperial College without tuition fees and were provided with grain and rice subsidies. Linsheng and Zengsheng went to prefecture schools and county schools and there were no tuition fees. There is still Lumi available, which is a small supplement to household expenses.
However, with the current national strength, it is unable to support a modern education system that exempts tuition fees. Therefore, the "Edict on Universal Education" promulgated in the 10th year of Wanli stipulates that for all school-age children, local governments must provide three years of literacy education - knowing two thousand simplified Chinese characters, mastering basic general knowledge and four arithmetic operations. This is preschool education. This is Tuition for section education is free of charge.
After preschool education, primary schools, middle schools and even the universities under construction in various provinces all charge tuition and miscellaneous fees to make up for the shortfall in local finances. Elementary schools and middle schools reformed from county schools and state schools have seen a sharp increase in teaching staff and dozens of times more space, which most places cannot afford.
In order to give poor students a way to make progress, the "Edict on Universal Education" stipulates that for any charity home that supports students, local officials can commend them according to the quota given by the court, grant them the title of Justice of the Peace, build an archway, raise their family status, etc. , granting privileges such as not kneeling when meeting officials.
At the same time, the "Edict on Universal Education" also encouraged local gentry to run their own schools. As long as they used the syllabus and teaching materials uniformly prescribed by the imperial court, they could run their own schools. As long as more than 80% of private kindergarten students pass the literacy test, squires who run their own schools can receive corresponding political treatment.
For private schools above primary school, the imperial court adopted a policy of neither encouraging nor prohibiting them, relying on the people's autonomy.
In order to smoothly connect the imperial examination system, the "Edict on Popular Education" clearly defined the boundary between popular education and the imperial examination. Graduation certificates have nothing to do with fame. Any student who has studied must also take the imperial examination if he wants to receive tax refunds and other political benefits from the court. If you want to be an official, you still have to take the imperial examination.
However, the annex to the "Imperial Examination Management Regulations" issued together with the "Edict on Popular Education" stipulates the syllabus for the imperial examinations at all levels after the 20th year of Wanli - if you want to obtain fame after the 20th year of Wanli, you must not accept new education. Basically impossible. In the imperial examinations between the 10th year of Wanli and the 20th year of Wanli, all candidates had to take the "Tongzhi Zhizhi" test - only fill-in-the-blank questions, and the test content never exceeded the outline.
In this way, Zhu Yijun made a major compromise to deal with the disengagement of scholars that Zhang Juzheng was most worried about when he was on the platform. In addition to giving scholars a ten-year buffer period, this policy would only separate the eight-legged essay from the imperial examination system, and then drive all scholars to study new schools.
After the establishment of the Capital University, in addition to establishing basic disciplines such as philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, physics, chemistry, and biology for college students to further their studies, it also established disciplines such as metallurgy, agriculture, law, economics, and education that are useful in the world economy to cultivate professionals for the imperial court. talent.
As for the future prospects of these professionals, on the one hand, they can work in various clubs that have sprung up now; on the other hand, they can also participate in the "Enke" program specially set up by the imperial court for college graduates and obtain government officials. In order to increase the enthusiasm of scholars to enter university, after passing the special administrative officer examination, the imperial court will grant them the treatment of "beginning with Jinshi".
What makes people all over the world feel funny and literary people feel insulted is that the Capital University, which the emperor attaches great importance to, does not have a literature major. Zhu Yijun has always placed literature and art at the level of "personal cultivation and hobbies", and the lack of a major has always reflected his dislike of "literary people".
The establishment of Capital University is the culmination of Zhu Yijun’s ten years of efforts to implement the concept of “rejuvenating the country through education”. From then on, the Capital University, the Capital Normal University, the Capital Medical College, and the Nanyuan Martial Arts Academy became the highest institutions of learning in this time and space, and no school could shake their status hundreds of years later.
After attending the opening ceremony, Zhu Yijun took a carriage back to the palace city and made a clear judgment. As long as he lives long enough and integrates educational reform into the imperial body, the Chinese nation in this time and space will always stand firm. The place of defeat.
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