A few minutes passed.
Academician Pan returned the document to the staff:
"Xiao Zhou, there is nothing wrong with the data. Let's let the backend handle the connection."
Except for J-PARC, the data submitted by these seven institutions are relatively normal for the remaining six.
Although the data such as clusters are somewhat increased compared to the verification process of Pangu particles, they are all within the understandable category. After all, they did not calculate dark matter by themselves, and it is impossible to consume too much power to please the Academy of Science. The greater the power of a collider of this magnitude, the machine damage will increase exponentially.
So no one would say anything in this slightly reserved situation, but Neon's approach of hiding several times the magnitude is a bit outrageous. After getting the signal from Academician Pan.
A staff member named Xiao Zhou quickly brought the documents to the backstage and started handovers with other parties.
Although more than eight hours had passed since the opening of the press conference, the hour hand rushed towards nine hours. But after learning that several major institutions would conduct particle verification again, the atmosphere at the scene became much more lively.
Of course.
This also has a lot to do with the "rich experience" of the participants.
The professional environments involved in the two disciplines of mathematics and physics are very complex, so press conferences generally last for a long time.
If you encounter some more humane institutions or universities, they may be divided into two sessions in the morning and afternoon, with a two- or three-hour break in between.
But some organizations don't pay attention to this, and there are countless examples of meetings lasting seven, eight or even ten hours - but generally they don't last more than fifteen hours.
The longest press conference in the physics world is the 2015 International Conference on High Energy Physics, held in Paris. The duration is
14 hours and 37 minutes.
It opens from 9 am Paris time until nearly 12 pm. So for these 'old birds'.
Long meetings are nothing.
After all, the venue for a conference of this kind of specifications is quite large. You can just sleep when you are tired. The key is to be healthy. After receiving the reply from Academician Pan.
The programmers at the backend of the press conference immediately re-established the relevant channels. at the same time.
The headquarters of the seven organizations selected for particle collision are also intensively preparing for various aspects.
Although a lot of lead ion beams were left over from the previous verification process of Pangu particles, there is no need to produce raw materials anymore. But as a very large physical experimental equipment, the collider cannot be built with just one raw material.
The calibration of superconductors, the definition of electromagnetic fields, and the most efficient cross-sectional area are all things that need to be done.
At this moment. Neon thousands of kilometers away. Southern Ibaraki Prefecture. Tsukuba City.
This is a neon city famous for its label of "Academy City", also known as Tsukuba Science City.
Its total area is only 284.07 square kilometers, and there are no less than 50 neon official education or research institutions such as the University of Tsukuba and the Institute of Industrial Technology.
In the entire city of Tsukuba, the total number of people currently engaged in scientific research is as high as 22,000.
Among these dozens of research institutions, Neon High Energy Accelerator Research Institution KEK is undoubtedly the most famous one. KEK was founded in 1971 and has four offices in Asia. ． In other words, it can be said to be the top large-scale equipment in the world:
Pulsed spallation neutron device KENS,
Asymmetric electron-positron collider KEKB, accelerator test facility ATF,
and the proton synchrotron J-PARC.
That's right, KEKB... is the famous Belle detector, which belongs to KEK - it directly contributed to the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics won by Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Masukawa.
As for the proton synchrotron J-PARC?
Let’s introduce it with the most intuitive parameters—its energy level upper limit is 50GeV. That's right.
50GeV.
So sometimes what needs to be acknowledged is that although the little life is disgusting, their investment in scientific research is indeed worth learning from.
Therefore, in the Chinese physics circle, you will often find a phenomenon: many people curse Neon people and envy Neon people at the same time.
The reason for scolding is because of the feelings of family and country, and the reason for envy is because their equipment is really advanced and they really dare to invest... This is why so many people are thinking about CEPC:
That thing is really expensive, but it’s also really important.
The current highest-level accelerator in China is only 3.5GeV, but current front-end particle physics research is all in the 10GeV field. Without equipment of sufficient magnitude, how can it be possible to produce results?
True.
Particle collisions are now, to put it bluntly, a matter of luck. Even with equipment, you may not be able to discover anything - and the probability of this situation is still very high.
But without this equipment, even the so-called "possibility" does not exist. all in all.
If Kamiokande Laboratory is the brain of neon particle physics, then KEK is undoubtedly the heart of neon particle physics. At this moment.
Makoto Kobayashi, who was called out of bed by his assistant, hurried to the main control room of the J-PARC accelerator in Area B3 while wearing his coat, and found Koichiro Nishikawa, the current director of KEK, who was making relevant preparations:
"Nishikawa-kun, how is the situation?"
Nishikawa Koichiro looked at the Nobel Prize winner who was still working as a consultant at KEK with admiration. He put his hands on both sides of his thighs and bowed straight:
"Senior Kobayashi, the data is being imported now, it should be almost there in ten minutes." "Where is the beam tube?"
"Already pre-activating."
"What about the specification coefficients of the collision section?"
"0.000293, the minimum solid angle of the target is 1.99°." Kobayashi Cheng nodded with satisfaction:
"Yoshi...
Now 78 years old, Makoto Kobayashi is in poor health. He has been diagnosed with renal vascular-interstitial disease and pancreatic cysts in recent years, so he has been undergoing related treatment for a long time.
The reason why he stayed in Tsukuba City was because he really couldn't break away from scientific research.
The second reason is that the University of Tsukuba has a proton beam therapy center, and the current level of proton beam therapy is among the best in the world. Not long ago.
After the calculation team started calculating the Fermi surface data, Kobayashi Cheng went back to his room to rest because he was a little tired. It was not until the experiment was about to begin that Nishikawa Koichiro sent an assistant to wake him up.
Then Kobayashi Cheng found a seat and sat down, took a sip of the teacup handed by the assistant. Looking at the screen, his eyes were a little misty.
Among Neon’s Nobel Prize winners, two people are very special. The first one is Shuji Nakamura.
Of course.
The Nakamura Shuji here is not the Nakamura Shuji in "Weak End Tomozaki-san", but the real Neon Man.
Shuji Nakamura only has a master's degree and graduated from Tokushima University, where Neon is relatively common. After winning the Nobel Prize, he immediately quit Neon nationality and immigrated to the other side of the sea, and criticized Neon in various public places.
On the day Dabaobei was attacked and killed, he also forwarded an emoticon of Dabaobei meeting with John F. Kennedy, which was a clear performance of a traitor. Therefore, many Neon people said that they did not recognize this Nobel Prize winner, thinking that he was a white-eyed wolf, and even Neon hackers hacked the *** for this.
In addition to Nakamura Shuji, the second special person is Kobayashi Makoto. What's special about him is...
His grandfather, father, mother, and sister were all Japanese Communists...but maybe it was because of their rebellious mentality.
Kobayashi Makoto did not become a Japanese Communist, but showed a relatively right-wing tendency in politics, and even attacked Mr. Xiangyu. So you basically don’t see news about Kobayashi’s participation in domestic activities, and there are very few interviews related to him.
There are no autobiographies or books about him - you can even buy Suzuki in China
Atsuto's work, but if you search for Kobayashi Makoto's books, you can only find a manga artist with the same name.
Be it rebellious or really dislike China. In short, Makoto Kobayashi's attitude towards China is not friendly.
It's just that as he got older, he was not as loud-mouthed as Atsushi Suzuki, and he would diss the Chinese physics community every day when he had nothing to do. (Kobayashi Makoto has not expressed political leanings since he won the Nobel Prize, but his previous remarks were indeed very unfriendly, so I followed them by default. At least I don’t think a person who has been hostile to China for more than 60 years will change his attitude for no reason in his old age. .)
By the way, there is another interesting thing.
That is, although Kobayashi Makoto is right-wing, his son also became a Japanese communist. Of course Kobayashi Makoto was so angry that he wanted to sever the relationship between father and son.
It’s not that Neon doesn’t have top scholars who are friendly to China. For example, Hiroshi Amano is a very representative one. It can only be said that the number is relatively small.
all in all.
Now that he has a rare opportunity to dismantle HKUST, Makoto Kobayashi will naturally not choose to let it go. After a while.
Nishikawa Koichiro walked quickly to him, handed him an execution confirmation letter, and said respectfully: "Mr. Kobayashi, the data has been prepared."
Kobayashi Cheng took the execution confirmation and looked at it a few times: "Where is the Academy of Sciences?"
"The Academy of Sciences said the live broadcast is ready and we can start the collision at any time." "Where are the other institutions?"
"It's not turned on yet."
Kobayashi Cheng was silent for a moment and handed back the execution confirmation:
"Then let's wait for dad... ahem, wait for Fermilab to start up before we start." Nishikawa Gong-lang stood at attention again:
"Hai!"
Then Koichiro Nishikawa walked to the operating table with the execution confirmation letter and started the handover with the execution staff. Another five minutes passed.
A staff member with Chinese characters and a beard raised his right hand high: "Mr. Saikawa, Fermilab has been turned on!"
See this situation.
Nishikawa Koichiro waited for another half a minute and then said: "Then...Mina-san, let's turn on the phone too!"
"Hai!" After the order was given.
A series of announcements began to sound in the main control room: "Point D1 is in place!"
"The beam tube is ready!"
"The ion beam is being charged... The energy levels in zones three and two have reached the baseline!" "The collision points are being fitted in real time... 2364 theoretical scattering points have been locked..."
Although each position was only three or four meters apart from each other, these announcements were shouted hoarsely, as if Corporal Morishita was possessed.
By the way.
This is a real thing - in a documentary filmed by Fuji TV for Masukawa Toshihide, there was a scene like this, which looked horrifying.
That documentary was so popular between 2008 and 2010 that Neon people were a little confused when they saw the Tianguan-1 launch scene: Are all Chinese people so calm when igniting?
Objectively speaking, this approach cannot be said to be right or wrong. Perhaps it is some kind of difference in ideology. Both sides feel a little confused when they look at each other's actions...
Then quickly.
After all instructions have been entered.
The two lead ion beams were quickly launched toward each other, completing the collision at a speed close to the speed of light.
Taking into account the relevant properties of the 11.4514GeV particle, this time KEK also designed a very delicate link: the left beam of light is emitted normally, and the right beam of light is emitted with a delay of 7.4 nanoseconds.
This way.
The point of collision will then be slightly to the right. In other words...
In the speed range near the speed of light, the ion beam on the right can be regarded as a target farther away from the bombarding particle to a certain extent - note that it is a certain extent.
Therefore, the total energy of the system is almost equal to the energy E0 carried by the bombarding particles. At the same time, this energy can be decomposed into the energy E of the relative motion of the particles and the energy of the two particles.
The energy E' of the particle's center of mass, that is, E0 = E + E'.
Assume that there are several particles bombarding the bull's eye per unit time and unit area - the bull's eye is directly regarded as a single particle. For example, if 5 particles bombard a single particle in the bullseye during the period, then record: N=5-2s-1.
N can be called flux, representing the intensity of bombardment. If it is represented by No0 (00, φ0) Δ0Δt, it is:
After scattering for Δt time, the number of particles entering the small solid angle Δ0 in the 00, φ0 direction. Then define σ0 (00, φ0) as the differential scattering cross section, which has area dimension.
The previous small solid angle has been determined to be 1.99°, which means that the only variable that affects the optimal value of the differential scattering cross section is Δt.
See here.
Many smart students must have figured it out for the fifth time. That's right.
At Δt=7.4 nanoseconds, both the center-of-mass scattering cross section and the dispersed particle angle have optimal solutions at the same time. Of course.
This optimal solution is still a probabilistic solution. At present, no one can accurately predict the trajectory of particles. The description of the track example given before is...
Among the 10,000 possible tracks, KEK first eliminated 1,999 impossible tracks, and then selected 3,999 of the remaining tracks to ensure sufficient probability.
Boo hoo hoo--
A large number of accelerated lead ions pass through the beam tube. The cross-sectional area of each cluster is 16x16μ㎡2, which is thinner than a hair.
There are about 1.15x10＾9 lead ions inside each cluster. About 30 groups of lead ions in each pair of clusters will have strong collisions, bursting out giant river crabs of life.
Bang bang bang - after the collision started.
Soon lead ions collided with each other.
The collided particles were magnetically constrained to a relatively narrow range, and each impact produced 2,300 instances.
These examples include various particles.
For example, protons, leptons, bosons, etc. half an hour later.
A total case list of more than 1.28 million was gathered into the supercomputing backend and quickly screened.
Kobayashi Makoto sat leisurely on the chair. He had also calculated the magnitude of this particle before, and the results were exactly the same as Suzuki Atsushi's.
Coupled with the similar results of several other Nobel Prize winners, Kobayashi Makoto even began to think about the name of this particle. The magnitude of 11.4514GeV.
Or are they called beast particles? Or Koer particles?
And just when Xiao Lincheng's thoughts were diverging.
On the main console not far away, Nishikawa Koichiro's exclamation suddenly sounded: "Nani? Is the information false? Those particles don't exist?"
Note:
The good news is that it’s not COVID-19. The bad news is that it’s bacterial pneumonia and it will take about 7 to 10 days.
Another comment said that in this case, don't make promises easily. I find this a bit confusing. Can I predict that I will get sick... scratching my head.
