Wait until the leaders of the four colleges have finished appearing.
William Whewell turned his attention to the subsequent echelons and began to introduce undergraduate and graduate professors.
"classmates."
William Whewell held his hands on the edge of the podium, looked around the classroom majestically, and said:
"The 1850-1851 school year is a special juncture. In the next year, everyone's course schedule will be very tight."
"Everyone must have been prepared for this when they received the class schedule."
Under the ceremonial stage, including Xu Yun and Xiaomai, hundreds of students nodded in unison.
Mentioned a long time ago.
British universities are different from local universities.
They usually have a holiday called 'Christmas Holiday' at the end of December every year.
The entire holiday probably starts in early December and lasts until mid-January or the end of January.
Cambridge University, Oxford University, and Manchester University will all abide by this custom, even in 1850.
However, Xu Yun found in the class schedule he received this year that the duration of the Christmas vacation had been greatly shortened:
The entire holiday started on December 22nd and ended in a hurry on January 2nd.
At the same time, the course schedule during the study period has also been intensively condensed.
In addition to the fixed holiday week on Sunday, there are as many as four days of class in a week!
To know.
Based on previous years’ schedule.
Cambridge University can schedule two and a half days of classes a week, which is too much. Most students spend their time in the library.
It is clear.
Like this year's enrollment expansion, this high-intensity compression of courses is also preparing for the launch of the British national machinery.
Then William Whewell paused and continued:
"In order to instill knowledge and concepts more efficiently, through the school board's resolution, the four seminaries will adopt a cooperative teaching model to start classes this year."
"That is to say, the same courses in the four colleges will be merged and large-group teaching will be conducted at the same time and at the same place."
"As for the college's unique courses, they will remain unchanged, taking into account both aspects to ensure the highest utilization rate of teachers."
Xu Yun listened quietly, his expression not changing much.
This approach of Cambridge University is not particularly novel, and many universities in later generations also did this.
For example, civil engineering majors and garden art majors will have drawing courses, and some schools will combine the two into unified classes.
At the same time, for many monk classes, this kind of course is still the best time to get in touch with a large number of girls. It can almost be called a "single class".
One of Xu Yun's high school classmates found a girlfriend in this way. Now the couple lives a happy life and has two children.
His eyes returned to reality.
After introducing the course model, William Whewell got to the point.
I saw him still pointing to the audience and saying loudly:
"The first professor I would like to introduce to you is Mr. John Ramsay McCulloch, Chief Economics Lecturer at Trinity College!"
"Mr. John Ramsay McCulloch is a highly respected senior who will be in charge of the economics lectures in the four seminaries throughout the academic year."
"The course is compulsory for undergraduates and graduate students who have graduated from other schools. The credit is 3 points!"
The words just fell.
A thin old man with fair skin and slender beard that curved to the corners of his mouth slowly stood up from the front row.
The students in the audience also gave a round of applause to save face.
Xu Yun also clapped his palms politely a few times, with a hint of surprise in his eyes.
Unexpectedly, the first professor introduced by William Whewell was a famous person in economic history.
Xu Yun had taken economics as an elective when he was at HKUST, and he still had memories of this big shot.
McCulloch was the most ardent supporter of the Ricardo school. In order to defend Ricardo's doctrine and honor, he once fired mercilessly at Richard Jones.
After Ricardo died in 1823, McCulloch actively raised funds to organize a series of public lectures on economics in memory of Ricardo.
Another group of people planned to found a university, which later became University College London.
University College London later decided to institutionalize McCulloch's lectures and established the Ricardo Chair in Political Economy. In 1828, McCulloch was appointed as the first chair professor, which lasted until 1837.
But the reason why this person is considered a celebrity is because he raised an interesting question:
Is the fermentation process of wine in wooden barrels labor?
That is to say, it is assumed that a barrel of new wine worth 50 pounds has increased to 55 pounds after being stored in the cellar for one year.
So should this increase of 5 pounds be the time value compensation of 50 pounds of capital, or should it be the added labor value of the wine?
This issue was very controversial in the early days of economics. It is roughly similar to the sentence in "Zhuangzi: The World" that "take half of it every day, and it will last forever."
In addition, Xu Yun also had another thought in his mind:
William Whewell is so cruel...
When he followed Thomson to visit William Whewell, Xu Yun had seen Prime quarreling and throwing an axe. The two were arguing about the opening of economics courses.
William Whewell once said that it was impossible for Prime to take office smoothly, and Werner, who was responsible for the reception, also revealed Whewell's intention to find another candidate.
But Xu Yun always thought that these were just angry words, and the two sides would most likely compromise, which was nothing more than a concession in interests.
The result was unexpected.
William Whewell really hired McCulloch to Cambridge, and even made him responsible for the economics courses of the four seminaries. This was undoubtedly a severe slap in the face.
I don’t know if Prem will be so evil that he will take an ax and find William Whewell for offline PK?
And the other side.
After introducing McCulloch, William Whewell began to introduce other professors:
"Zarul Murray...Chairman Professor of Humanities and Social Sciences..."
"Delio Arteaga...Lecturer in Art History..."
"Sstacia Adkins...Professor of Ancient Greek and Roman Literature..."
"Gandalf...Professor of Physical Defense..."
After continuing with McCulloch, William Whewell introduced seven or eight professors, all of whom seemed to have high reputations.
But Xu Yun didn't know these people very well.
At most, he has a slight impression of Stacia Adkins, who looks a bit like Mrs. Weasley in "Harry Potter".
This aunt was the first female professor in the history of Cambridge, but Xu Yun remembered her name mainly because of the cause of her death:
She was hit by a train while outing.
To know.
After the Paris train accident in 1842, the train speed across Europe was reduced to more than 20 kilometers per hour. It was not until 1879 that it returned to more than 60 kilometers per hour.
So after hearing about this incident, Xu Yun tried his best to figure out what happened.
Then soon, he heard the name of his cheap mentor again:
"Stokes...Professor Lucas of the Department of Mathematics...Doctoral Supervisor of Trinity College..."
Bang bang bang——
Xiaomai and Xu Yun immediately increased their intensity, and they still deserved praise for their mentor.
Aveline on the side frowned, looked at Stokes who was waving, and muttered:
"Why do you have to study mathematics when you go to graduate school? This subject shouldn't exist at all, right?"
Xu Yun glanced at the girl lightly and said nothing.
joke.
You haven't seen the math problems of later generations, right?
Especially the 2022 national volume, believe it or not, it will make you cry and become a Leilani...
And right now.
William Whewell's expression on the podium suddenly became solemn, and his tone became more solemn than ever before:
"Students, we all know that the European scientific community is in an era of rapid development, and various practical technologies are gradually appearing in our lives."
"Like trains, like electric lights."
"In order to keep up with the cutting-edge science, most universities in the UK, including the University of Cambridge, have established two emerging subjects, natural science and moral science."
"However, the candidate for the chief professor of natural sciences at the University of Cambridge has been undecided for a long time, and other professors can only serve as public lecturers."
"But today I am very happy to tell you that under the care of Prince Albert, the discipline of natural science finally welcomed its first chief professor!!"
Hearing William Whewell's words, Xu Yun couldn't help but straighten his body.
Anyone who went to university in the UK 200 years ago knows this.
In the European university system, which is dominated by classical subjects, mathematics has always been a very important teaching content.
As for the courses of physics, chemistry, and biology, they were not taken seriously at the beginning and were collectively called natural philosophy.
For example, in addition to theology, this is another elective major that Lao Da took.
But after entering the 19th century.
Under the influence of political, economic, technological, cultural and other factors.
The classical education tradition of British universities has been violently impacted, and it has begun to transform from a bastion of classical education into a center of scientific education.
1828.
The University of Cambridge built an observatory at the entrance of Trinity College at a cost of up to 17,000 pounds, and later expanded the buildings in the Botanic Gardens.
Later generations also characterized these two events as milestones in the transformation of teaching at Cambridge University.
By 1848.
In order to break the dominance of mathematics in the Cambridge University examination system, Cambridge University established two sciences, natural science and moral science.
The scope of the Moral Science Honors Degree Examination includes moral philosophy, political economy, modern history, common law, English law, etc.
The natural science honors degree examination includes mineralogy, anatomy, physiology, chemistry, botany, geology and other subjects.
Yes, you are not mistaken.
There is no physics.
At this time, physics was still a subordinate subject of chemistry, and it would not officially become an independent subject until 1873 - and the important reason for its sudden death was the Cavendish Laboratory built by Wheat in 1871.
It goes without saying that the natural sciences and the moral sciences are more important, but in terms of chief professors, the moral sciences are much more interesting.
Historically, the first professor of moral science at Cambridge University was William Wadsworth, a famous Romantic poet.
He took office in October 1849 and died six months later.
Therefore, the University of Cambridge could only urgently call in Tennyson to save the situation, but it turned out that this guy was not a worry-free person either:
Tennyson is one of the most popular and distinctive poets of the British Victorian era.
In 1850, he happened to write "In Memoriam", which is also recognized as the greatest elegy in English literature.
At that time, Tennyson was an iconic figure, and his popularity was roughly equivalent to that of the four kings of the 1990s combined.
As mentioned before, the University of Cambridge has no walls in the town of Cambridge, and it is not difficult for interested people to sneak in.
Therefore, in just a few months, Tennyson encountered a large number of bastards and was followed 24 hours a day.
The most outrageous thing is that at that time, Cambridge University still had public bathhouses, and Tennyson secretly wanted to take a shower at 3 o'clock in the morning.
Finally, when he got to the bathroom, he took a look.
Good guy, more than a hundred naked gay men were staring at him with dazzling eyes...
So in desperation, Tennyson had to find Prince Albert.
He said that I am almost married for this imperially appointed position, so you should hire someone else, and then leave reciting English poetry.
Then the third moral science professor Will Cook was also extremely outrageous. He was brainwashed by his students and went to the Scottish Borders to fight with soldiers in a duel. Can you believe it?
So Xu Yun has always wondered whether the prototype of the Defense Against the Dark Arts professor in "Harry Potter" came from moral science...
Compared with the twists and turns of moral science, natural science is much calmer.
Its first professor was William Hamilton.
That's right.
He is the author of the book "1650-1830: Two Hundred Years of Jump in the History of Science" that Xu Yun checked before, and the inventor of quaternions.
This can be regarded as a kind of coincidence, so Xu Yun is quite interested in this big boss.
But what surprised him was...
The next second.
The name that came out of William Whewell's mouth was not Hamilton, but...
"Michael Faraday!"
Wow——
With the announcement of the name.
There was a burst of discussion and gasps in the classroom.
Xu Yun's pupils shrank and he almost stood up from his seat.
After coming back to his senses, he suddenly thought of something.
He turned his head sharply and stared at Xiaomai.
Xiaomai was a little frightened by what he saw. He subconsciously shrank his neck and asked:
"Mr. Luo Feng, what's wrong with me?"
Xu Yun took a deep breath, forced himself to calm down, and shook his head:
"Nothing, I just thought of something else."
Then he cast his eyes on the ceremony stage again, and the shock in his heart still did not fade away.
Unexpectedly, the candidate announced by William Whewell was not Hamilton, but...
Faraday! ?
In 2022, when Xu Yun traveled through time.
If we were to rank one in terms of electromagnetics, the position would be as follows:
Maxwell > Faraday > Ampere = Gauss > Oersted > Hertz = Coulomb > Ohm ≈ Kirchhoff > Green > Weber > Joule.
Faraday’s origin and past were introduced in Chapter 223, so let’s summarize his contributions here.
Speaking of Faraday's contribution, the first one is naturally the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction.
Faraday can be said to have single-handedly brought mankind into the electrical age and was the biggest contributor to the second industrial revolution.
At the same time, he also proposed the concept of 'field', used the ice bucket experiment to prove the law of conservation of charge, and discovered the phenomenon of glow discharge - which is what JJ Thomson relied on to discover electrons.
Without the discovery of the electron, Rutherford Bohr's work would have been delayed a little longer.
In addition, there are magneto-optical effects, the first discovery of semiconductor phenomena, the discovery of the laws of electrolysis, metallographic analysis, the discovery of benzene, etc.
Ordinary people can go down in history if they achieve any of the above achievements, but Faraday has so many that he can't count them on two hands.
So sometimes you really have to lament that the 19th century was really a bit mysterious, with too many monsters appearing.
Even in the 21st century, a hundred years later, the scientific community still has not found much of its own path.
Also worth mentioning.
Although Faraday was born into a poor family, he only attended elementary school and did not receive much higher education.
But after the invention of the disc generator on October 28, 1831, his academic qualifications were no longer a stain, but became a medal that set off his greatness.
By 1835.
Even British Prime Minister Robert Peel treated him as a guest.
This was true in 1835, let alone 1850.
Today, Faraday is the well-deserved chief scientist of Europe. He was given the House of Grace at Hampton Court Palace in Surrey by Prince Albert just two years ago. His status in the scientific community is unrivaled.
So it is different from wheat's posthumous fame.
Faraday received supreme honor and respect in his middle age.
His only opinion was not accepted by the scientific community during his lifetime.
That is "electromagnetic force not only exists in the conductor, but also extends into the space near the conductor", that's all.
Just follow the normal trajectory.
At this time, Faraday should still be conducting experiments in Ireland, and it is impossible to appear on the list of Cambridge University.
Even Faraday had little interaction with Cambridge University throughout his life.
be honest.
After traveling to the current dungeon, Xu Yun actually imagined the scene of meeting Faraday.
But that was Xu Yun's initiative to meet, rather than meeting at an impossible time and place. In Xu Yun's plan, it should be one day a long, long time later. He already has a certain degree of confidence in this copy. Assets, status, and fame.
Then choose a sunny afternoon and visit with wheat.
The three of them had a long chat and hit each other off immediately. The process was harmonious and friendly.
But the current situation is completely beyond Xu Yun's expectation and control:
Faraday was in a place he wasn't supposed to be and held a position he wasn't supposed to hold.
So no doubt about it.
History has changed again.
And the impact of this change will probably be difficult to estimate.
because......
There is a natural science course in Wheat's class schedule.
You can imagine that.
Follow the original trajectory.
It would take until 1854 for Wheat to read Faraday's "Experimental Studies in Electricity" and thus formally come into contact with electromagnetism, and several years were wasted during this period.
From entering Cambridge in 1850 to his death in 1879, during these 29 years, Wheat wasted at least seven years.
The only meeting between him and Faraday was in 1860, a full ten years later.
Ten years...
Ten years is very short, just like the ten years ago in this world were 2012 instead of 2002, it seems to have passed in a trance.
But ten years is also a long time, long enough for the heroine in the book to change from Asuna to Tifa.
For Wheat and Faraday, ten years is obviously the latter.
Now that these two most powerful figures in the history of electromagnetics have met ten years in advance, and have become masters and apprentices, what kind of sparks will come out of the collision?
at the same time.
What surprised Xu Yun was far more than just this one...
........
