be honest.
After confirming that the world line had indeed changed twice, Xu Yun could not calm down for a long time.
After all, this represents huge variables, whether from a technological or humanistic perspective.
Especially at this time.
This is 1850...
Anyone who has been to elementary school knows this.
1840.
The British government used Lin Zexu's opium ban in Humen as an excuse to launch the Opium War, which is famous in history.
The Opium War ended with China's defeat and the ceding of territory as compensation. China and Britain signed the White House Treaty, the first unequal treaty in local history that was humiliating and humiliating.
The mainland began to cede territory, pay indemnities, and negotiate tariffs to foreign countries.
China officially began to degenerate into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.
So in history.
1840 is also regarded as the beginning of modern history.
Now in 1850, we suddenly learn that the timeline has changed dramatically.
However, Xu Yun was extremely indifferent to the decadent empire in the east, and at the same time, he had no intention of helping it survive.
But as a Chinese, it would be an absolute lie to say that I don't care at all about the local situation.
Think of this.
Xu Yun couldn't help but look at Will, thought for a moment, and asked:
"Will, I heard that Britain fought a war with the East a few years ago. Do you know about this?"
When Will heard this, he stopped what he was doing, thought for a moment, and replied:
"War with the East? Are you talking about Bharat?"
"That was a territory that was conquered by the British a long time ago. It must have been two or three hundred years ago. I haven't heard of any war..."
Xu Yun shook his head and explained again:
"It's not Bharata. I'm referring to the east where the Wind Spirit Moon Shadow Sect exists. The country's name is Huaxia."
"I do not know."
Will shrugged his shoulders crisply, tilted his chin towards the surrounding mountains and woods, and said:
"Although Scotland is said to be one with England, the area here is vast and cannot be compared with the south, and the exchange of information is very limited."
"If you're asking about other things, it's easier to say, involving the war in the East..."
"Sorry, I really don't know much."
Xu Yun nodded slowly.
Although this answer is a bit regretful, it is not unexpected.
After all, Will is just a country boy from the Scottish countryside.
It is indeed a bit difficult to understand the current world structure from his mouth.
So we should wait until we get to London to inquire about this matter. Anyway, we have plenty of time, and we can always find out this kind of news.
Half an hour later.
After washing the pots, Thomson returned to the scene, and Xu Yun and his two men had almost prepared the tent.
It gets dark very quickly in the UK during winter time. The sun sets around four or five o'clock, and it becomes completely dark at six o'clock.
In addition, there were no entertainment facilities in the forest, so the three of them entered the carriage and tent in sequence according to the previous arrangement.
Entering the carriage, Xu Yun ducked, avoiding many packages, and came to the seat reserved for passengers.
This type of seat is usually at the very back of the carriage. Xu Yun planned to sit here tonight and sleep against the inner wall of the carriage.
Although this sleeping method is difficult to ensure high-quality sleep, it is not unacceptable.
In the past, when waiting for test products in the laboratory, Xu Yun had rested against the corner with a small bench many times, so he had relevant experience.
But generally speaking, there are only two endings to this approach:
Woke up.
Or lose support and wake up.
If the latter situation is not controlled well, you may fall directly to the floor in a daze.
Xu Yun suffered such a serious injury once, and finally broke his glasses. He was 1300 degrees myopic. That day, he could not tell the difference between humans and animals half a meter away...
all in all.
After experiencing dungeon 1665 and dungeon 1100, Xu Yun's adaptability to ancient rest time is quite good.
So it didn't take long.
He then entered Mengxiang lightly.
In a daze.
Xu Yun dreamed that he was fishing in the East China Sea and suddenly caught a Tifa while fishing.
Then he and Tifa, who was wearing a lab coat, discussed the strong coupling effect of viscous good conductors in a humid claustrophobic environment, and also exchanged ancient poems.
First, you asked about your return date, but it rained at night in Bashan and the autumn ponds swelled.
Then the silver bottle broke and water slurry burst out, and the cavalry protruded with swords and guns.
Then the stream flew down three thousand feet, and it was suspected that the Milky Way fell into the sky.
In the end, the spring silkworms will run out of silk when they die, and the spring will flow silently.
I do not know how long it has been.
"Well......"
Xu Yun scratched his hair and woke up from his sleep.
He first opened the curtains and looked outside the car, but it was still dark.
At this time, a few inches below his abdomen were slightly swollen, probably because he drank too much potato soup.
He picked up the flashlight and planned to go under the car to relieve himself.
In order not to disturb Will and Thomson, his movements were very gentle and made almost no sound.
Pattering——
After a light rain.
Xu Yun lifted his pants and returned to the car.
But just as he was about to get in the car again.
Xu Yun suddenly noticed from the corner of his eye that the tent not far away seemed to be...
Are there some faint sounds?
Could it be...
Will and Thomson not sleeping?
But at this time, there are neither mobile phones nor tablets, and even PSP has not yet appeared. What will these two people do in the tent?
Suddenly.
Xu Yun blinked and thought of a possibility.
Are they exchanging information?
After all, this is Ingelland...
Actually.
As a good young man in the 21st century, Xu Yun has no habit of eavesdropping on other people's conversations.
But considering the special circumstances of this copy, after some hesitation, he quietly touched the side of the tent.
At this time, there was some light at the bottom of the tent, and some rustling sounds came from the tent.
"Will, do you prefer it up or down?"
"Come down below."
"Okay, can you keep up with this speed? I accelerated..."
"Mr. Thomson, please be gentle..."
Xu Yun: "????"
Isn't it?
Do you really just know how to go after men?
Just as he was about to leave the tent silently, Thomson suddenly said again:
"In the Cartesian coordinate system, if the tangent line you choose is below, the vertex normal will change."
"In this case...see? Their directions in the three-dimensional space are probably not vertical..."
"And if the tangent space is defined in each vertex, it will take two steps to get the normalized TBN matrix..."
"By the way Will, did I speak too fast? Do I need to go back to the previous speed?"
"No, Mr. Wilson, I can keep up."
"Very well, then I'll continue."
Xu Yun: "..."
wtf?
These two men actually hid under the covers in the middle of the night and studied math together?
This tmd seems to be more outrageous than whether there is interoperability...
Then Xu Yun rubbed his cheek vigorously and listened carefully to the content.
He soon determined that Thomson and Will were discussing matrices and tangent spaces.
matrix.
This thing is a common tool in advanced algebra. In the history of ancient Chinese and Western mathematics, you can vaguely see shadows similar to matrices.
For example, "Nine Chapters on Arithmetic" was first written in the early Eastern Han Dynasty.
In this algorithm, the separation coefficient method is used to express the system of linear equations and obtain its augmented matrix.
Then in the elimination process.
The operation techniques used such as multiplying a row by a certain non-zero real number and subtracting another row from a row are equivalent to the elementary transformation of the matrix.
Unfortunately, there was no concept of a matrix as we understand it today - although it was formally identical to existing matrices.
Therefore, at that time, this method was only used as a standard representation and processing method for linear equations.
This is the same as the astronomical calendar mentioned before.
They are all tools that had early applications in ancient China, but did not find the right direction.
As for the sprout of modern matrices, it appeared in the Gaussian period.
Matrix theory was later formally proposed by Arthur Kelly in 1858. He is also recognized as the founder of matrix theory.
As for the future, it was a matter of Frobenius, Hermit, and Poincaré, and eventually developed into the current commonly used matrix module.
See here.
Smart classmates must have discovered it.
That's right.
in normal history.
Arthur Kelly would not formally propose matrix theory until 1858, and it would be closer to 1870 when it was popularized in universities.
So it's obvious.
The tool Matrix, like the flashlight, is another theory that appeared in advance.
However, according to Thomson's teachings, the mastery of matrices in this era is slightly primitive.
Not to mention far away, there is even a big gap between it and Hilbert's stage.
Thomson was a top student who graduated from Cambridge University, and was basically exposed to the most sophisticated theoretical knowledge of this era.
His solution is still primitive, so he can roughly judge the situation at the frontier of the matrix.
So throughout the process.
What really makes Xu Yun strange is not that the matrix was proposed in advance, but...
Thomson is actually teaching Will mathematics?
To know.
No matter how primitive the matrix is, its basic requirements are still very high.
Not to mention the content involving tangent space.
Said without politeness.
In the 21st century, many college students will not be exposed to tangential space.
Of course.
If you are in the Mathematical Olympiad class, the relevant knowledge should be involved in junior high school.
Is this true in the 21st century, let alone in 1850?
Could it be that this big boy with a Scottish country accent had some special experiences in his past?
For example, you had excellent grades in high school and even learned some college knowledge by yourself, but were forced to drop out of school due to family circumstances?
Thomson discovered his talent by chance.
So he took him to London to have some adventures, and took the opportunity to teach Will some knowledge on the way?
This should be considered a more reasonable explanation. There are many famous people in history who have had similar experiences.
The most representative one is Faraday.
This scientific giant, who is only one word different from Ferrari, was born in a poor blacksmith family. His father was frail and sick, and his work efficiency was very low.
At the same time, due to the first industrial revolution led by Lord Niu, the decline of the blacksmith profession was even more like that of A shares.
Therefore, Faraday's family had a meager income and could barely maintain their daily lives.
influenced by.
Faraday had no formal education as a child and dropped out of primary school after only two years.
Forced to make a living, he had no choice but to work as a newsboy on the streets. He was only 12 years old that year.
The next year, he worked as an apprentice in the home of a bookseller and bookbinder.
Relying on the knowledge he learned while booking books, Faraday used waste items to make electrostatic generators and conducted simple chemical and physical experiments.
At the same time, because mechanical printing presses had not yet appeared at that time, books were expensive, and reading and reading newspapers were only upper-class affairs. Faraday also came into contact with celebrities from all walks of life.
By chance.
A customer gave Faraday some tickets, and he walked into the gate of the Royal Academy and met Sir David, the president of the Royal Academy of Sciences.
After listening to many speeches.
Faraday compiled the contents of David's speeches into a volume, bound it into a book, and sent it to David.
David was astonished after reading it and became an important "guide" in Faraday's life. This led to Faraday's glorious life in the future.
There are many similar examples, not to mention those who have not made a name for themselves.
In the vast human race, there are too many geniuses who could become top figures, but due to various family conditions, they are lost to everyone.
Could it be...
Will is also such a 'genius'?
But soon, Xu Yun shook his head.
how to say......
It's possible, but not very high.
Halo did not issue a mission when Will announced his name, which showed that he was definitely not the protagonist of this instance.
Not even as important as Adam Hopkins.
In addition, Will is not a child anymore. He can understand the concept of matrix at the age of twenty, and it is not difficult to accept it once it is explained.
Therefore, there is a high probability that his potential will not be too high, and his importance can be roughly upgraded from Xie Laodu Guan to Wang Zhen.
But he thought of the other person's kind act of helping him dig his grave.
Xu Yun decided that if he had the chance, he would try his best to help this honest and honest Scottish young man.
Then he quietly returned along the original road, leaving the two of them to continue studying in the tent late at night.
A night of silence.
............
Early the next morning.
The sun shines into the car through the cracks.
Xu Yun sniffed twice, yawned and opened his eyes.
Then he opened the curtain and walked out of the car.
The weather is very good today, it's about six or seven in the morning, and the sun is filling the woods.
The warm sunshine in winter is not dazzling, but gives people a very warm and comfortable feeling.
It's a rare sunny day in the UK, especially at this point in time.
At this time, there was a pot on the side of the carriage, and Will was squatting on the side, adding firewood to it one by one.
After seeing Xu Yun, he smiled naively and said hello:
"Mr. Luo Feng, good morning."
"Mr. Thomson said you were injured and specifically asked me not to call you and let you rest for a while."
When Xu Yun heard this, his heart warmed slightly.
Mavericks, look at others.jpg.
Then he danced his arms and felt his left arm.
Strange to say.
I don't know if it was the effect of the halo, but after one night, his injuries were more than half healed, and he didn't feel much pain anymore.
Then he glanced around and asked:
"Mr. Will, where is Mr. Thomson?"
Will blew a few breaths into the fire and pointed toward the back of the car:
"We are preparing food for the horses. Horses are just like donkeys. If you want donkeys to grind, you have to give them some grass, right?"
Xu Yun nodded and gave Brother Donkey a thumbs up in his heart.
A few minutes passed.
Thomson returned to the carriage with a bundle of grain in his arms.
He first said hello to Xu Yun, and after putting fodder for the horses, the three of them gathered around the pot and started eating breakfast.
"Our schedule may be a little tight today."
Thomson still took a few bites of bread gracefully, took out a map from his body, and spread it out in front of him:
"According to the plan, we will first pass through Whitecombe Mountain and then arrive at the town of Dumfries."
"Whitecombe Mountain is a bit wet and cold in late autumn, and occasionally you can encounter some large beasts preparing to survive the winter, such as grizzly bears and so on."
"So we'd better not spend the night in the mountains, try to reach the other side of Whitecombe Mountain today, and get to the town of Dumfries as soon as possible."
Xu Yun pretended to listen carefully to Thomson's arrangements, while his eyes quickly scanned the map.
Although the French Special Committee established the kilometer measurement standard in May 1790.
But the weights and measures used in Britain at this time were still the "standard legal inches" promulgated by Edward II in the 14th century.
That's inches, feet, and miles.
According to the location indicated by Thomson.
At this time, their location was about 30 miles, or about 42 kilometers, from Whitecombe Mountain.
The speed of a two-wheeled carriage in the wild on poor road conditions is just over 15 kilometers per hour.
In other words, it will take three hours to reach the foot of Whitecombe Mountain from here.
Taking into account the time required to enter and exit the mountains and the fact that it gets dark very quickly during British winter time, today is indeed a rather tight schedule.
So after eating breakfast, everyone set off quickly.
Gulu gulu——
The unique British Shire horse is a well-known draft horse in the world and one of the largest horse breeds in the world. It can pull five tons of cargo.
Even though there were three people sitting inside and outside the carriage, the carriage was still moving at a relatively smooth speed.
Among them, Thomson was sitting alone in the carriage, seemingly reading a book.
Xu Yun and Weir were sitting in the outer room, at the front of the car where the groom was sitting.
Will, who was born in the Scottish countryside, was very skilled at driving a carriage. He was swaying his whip while humming country songs with a Scottish style.
Xu Yun watched the surrounding scenery with great interest. This was an experience he had never experienced before.
Of course.
On the long journey, the scenery and singing are just temporary measures, and you will eventually get tired of them.
And chatting is undoubtedly a good way to kill time.
after awhile.
Will seemed tired of singing, so he said to Xu Yun:
"Luo Feng, I said you were going to London to find Qin Pi. Why did you get lost in Scotland?"
When Xu Yun heard this, he shrugged at him and said with the reason he had already prepared:
"I couldn't help it. I got off the ship at Aberdeen Port and found a carriage in St. Andrews to go to London, but I was thrown off by a ruthless coachman on the way, so..."
Will couldn't help but look at him sympathetically:
"You are quite unlucky too."
Xu Yun smiled bitterly with an expression that was mixed with desolation, helplessness, anger and sadness, and then asked:
"What about you Will, have you found your way to London?"
Will shook his head slightly, looked into the distance, and said:
"No, just take it one step at a time. Maybe I will run back to Scotland in despair before long."
Xu Yun asked again:
"What about your family? Just let you go like this?"
"family?"
Will flicked his whip lightly, a dim light flashed in his eyes, and he shook his head and said:
"My mother passed away when I was eight years old. My father used to be a lawyer. After my mother passed away...well, for various reasons, I left Edinburgh like this."
"...Ah, I'm sorry."
Xu Yun was stunned for a moment, then quickly apologized to Will.
Unexpectedly, his polite questions touched Will's pain points.
Losing one's mother at a young age is difficult for anyone.
But then again.
In this era, lawyers can be said to be a very high-end profession, with a status even higher than that of later generations.
In theory, a family of lawyers should not be unable to afford Will's tuition.
so......
Maybe Will's dropping out of school has nothing to do with finances, but involves the emotional issues between father and son?
Crunch——
Just as Xu Yun was thinking.
The carriage that was traveling smoothly on the road suddenly sank heavily when the carriage came out.
The three people in the car let out an unexpected cry at the same time.
Lived for a moment.
After coming back to his senses, Will quickly pulled the carriage to a stop, quickly opened the curtain, and asked inside:
"Mr. Thomson, are you okay?"
Thomson was holding the armrest on the side of the carriage with his right hand. Hearing this, he shook his head and pressed the bottom panel with his other hand:
"I'm fine, but what happened to the carriage?"
"I gonna go see."
Will quickly jumped out of the car, bent down and checked under the car for a few seconds, stood up and shook his head:
"Mr. Thomson, the axle is broken."
Thomson's expression suddenly froze.
carriage.
This is a travel tool that has left a large number of records and even samples in the development process of various civilizations in the world.
For example, the famous Qin Mausoleum painted bronze chariots and horses in China.
They are large carriages unearthed locally in the Qinling Mountains of Shaanxi Province in December 1980. There are two carriages in total, and the animal power is four horses.
Each of them has more than 3,500 parts. Archaeologists have to assemble these parts like Lego, in addition to repair work.
Therefore, Carriage No. 2 was put together and restored in 1983, and Carriage No. 1 was put together and restored in April 1988.
However, the vast majority of civilian carriages are much simpler in structure.
In addition to hubs, spokes, and teeth.
Only the shaft, axle, flat plate, etc. are left.
The most that's left is to add a futu between the bottom of the car and the axle, which is a primitive shock-absorbing tool.
And the same truth.
The simple structure also means that once any part has a problem, it will be difficult for the carriage to continue moving forward.
"The axle was unevenly affected, resulting in overload fracture."
As an engineering guru, Thomson quickly determined the cause of the failure after getting off the car:
"In addition, the carriage also suffered edge damage when it sank. The carriage can only travel empty-handed and will definitely not be able to carry people."
Xu Yun also bent down and took a few glances, then stood up and said:
"Sorry, Mr. Thomson, it's all my fault..."
As a result, before he could finish his words, he was interrupted by Thomson:
"It has nothing to do with you. This is a broken main shaft caused by the aging of the carriage."
"You and Will are sitting in the front room. If the weight overload is caused by the extra you, then the bottom plate of the four precious wood brackets should collapse first." (Can't find the Western name for 'Jane'. , just apply the local saying)
Thomson meant what he said, that was his character.
Although he still decided to separate from Xu Yun in Dumfries at this time, it did not mean that he would mindlessly blame this passerby who suddenly appeared.
The force diagram of this carriage is very simple:
The main shaft carries the carriage, and the front chamber is made of precious wood and floor brackets. It is a two-stage split-bearing structure with very Western characteristics.
Therefore, the main shaft, which carries the carriage, will not break just because there is an extra Xu Yun in the front room.
Of course.
If Xu Yun and Thomson were sitting in the carriage together, then a lot of responsibility would fall on Xu Yun.
So for now.
This spindle should have been used for too long, and its natural lifespan has ended at this time.
Will on the side glanced at the two of them and asked Thomson:
"Mr. Thomson, what should we do now?"
Thomson was silent for a moment after hearing this, and took out the map from his body again.
After spreading out.
He took out another compass from his chest - this thing was brought to Europe from the mainland by Arab traders in the 12th century, and it is currently very, very popular.
Thomson first calibrated his position, and then moved his long fingers across the map:
"We will definitely not be able to cross Whitecombe Mountain tonight. The main axis is broken. We must find a village for supplies."
"Arles village, no, it's too far..."
"The village of Simni, sixty miles to the south, is also trouble..."
A few minutes passed.
Thomson's index finger suddenly stopped on a small black spot:
"Huh? The village of Mendisolo, about... twelve miles from here?"
As everyone knows.
Scotland is a vast and sparsely populated country, with an area equivalent to the size of the mainland, but a population of only over five million.
Until the 20th century, the Scots lived a semi-nomadic lifestyle.
Therefore, in a small gathering place like a village, you can definitely buy all kinds of driving tools.
You can even buy a brand new carriage if you want.
So supply is not difficult, the key is...
Thinking of his mission this time, Thomson's eyes couldn't help but flash a trace of solemnity and subtle worry.
According to the original plan.
He had prepared a large amount of supplies before departure, enough to reach Sheffield and even Nottingham directly.
During this process, they did not need to enter the town for any supplies, and naturally they would not be targeted.
Even if there was a variable like Xu Yun, he would only need to drop him off near the town of Dumfries and continue the detour.
The result was unexpected.
Man's calculation is not as good as God's calculation.
The breakage of the carriage's main shaft completely disrupted his plan, causing him to now have to find a human gathering point for supplies...
But Mendisolo Village is just a small village of more than 200 people. If we only stay for one night, there shouldn't be any big surprises, right?
Think of this.
Thomson already made up his mind.
Then he took a deep breath, put away the map, pointed to a certain direction and said:
"Let's go to Mendisolo Village. We'll rest there for one night today, find a hunter's house to buy a spindle, and we'll set off tomorrow."
Xu Yun and Will had no objections.
Then the three of them pushed the carriage with its main shaft broken and started heading towards the target.
........
Three hours later.
The somewhat tired three people arrived outside a village.
Unlike later European villages.
Most of the European rural areas in the 19th century were built with families as the basic unit.
The residential area and cultivated land in this kind of village are separated, and there will be many public facilities for grinding rice or fetching water in the center of the village residential area.
For example, John Constable's painting "The Watergate" describes this scene.
At the same time, due to the mountainous surroundings, most residential areas in Scottish villages will have a fence set up, and the cultivated land is outside the fence.
But what surprised Xu Yun was.
The village in front of them was not surrounded by a fence, but by a thick earth wall.
The entire wall is nearly two meters high, its thickness is unknown, and it looks quite strong.
The entire village has only one entrance in the north of the wall, which is somewhat similar to the Chinese 'li'.
It was noon at this time, and smoke was rising in the village, which looked peaceful and peaceful.
See this situation.
Thomson signaled Xu Yun and others to stop the carriage, walked to the door alone, and knocked on the door:
"Is anyone here?"
After a while.
The door suddenly opened at eye level, and an old man looked out:
"Who is outside the door? What are you doing at Gaolao Village?"
"Gaolao Village? Dad, isn't this the village of Mendisolo?"
"Yes, Mendisolo Village is an official name. Just because most of the villagers in our village are extremely tall, we got the nickname Gaolaozhuang."
"That's it, Hallelujah, this old man, we are businessmen from the west, going to the east to do business. We were passing by here, but unexpectedly the main shaft of the carriage broke. Can I be convenient and let me take a rest? One night, and we’ll hit the road tomorrow.”
The person on the other side of the door was silent for a moment and said:
"How many people are there in total, sir?"
"Three people, plus a white horse."
After a while.
Crunch——
The door slowly opened.
A lean little old man appeared from behind the door, holding his hands behind his back and saying:
"Please come in."
Thomson thanked him and said to Xu Yun and William behind him:
"Will, Luo Feng, let's go in."
After a few people enter.
The little old man led them to the village road and introduced himself:
"Mr. Thomson, my name is Evar, I am the hay supervisor elected by the village council, and I am also responsible for guarding the entrance to the village."
"There are several carpenters with good skills in our village, but their areas of expertise vary. How many inches of spindle do you want to replace?"
Thomson and Will looked at each other, and Will said:
"Three to four inches is enough."
"Three to four inches..."
Eivar touched his beard and quickly thought of a candidate:
"I understand, come with me."
After saying that, he led a group of people in a certain direction.
In the 19th century, the rural areas of Scotland were not wealthy enough to squander resources at will, so the area enclosed by the entire village was slightly compact, and most of the households were very close to each other.
The layout of the entire village is somewhat similar to the new rural buildings built collectively in later generations, but they only have one floor.
On the way to the carpenter's house, Xu Yun looked at the earthen wall that was not much worn and couldn't help but curiously asked:
"Mr. Eibar, this wall was just built, right?"
Eivar smiled at him, pointed to the corner of the wall, and replied:
"That's right, this wall was built with funds raised by the village. It has just been built about a year ago, so the foundation is still very new."
Then he looked at Thomson, a trace of curiosity flashed in his eyes, and asked:
"Mr. Thomson, are you from Edinburgh?"
Thomson nodded. This information was nothing to keep secret:
"That's right."
Hearing this, a trace of worry flashed in Eivar's eyes, and he quickly asked:
"Mr. Thomson, I heard that we are going to fight with the south. Is this true?"
Thomson was stunned for a moment, then sighed with emotion and said:
"Sorry, Mr. Eivar, I don't know what the situation will be like next."
"I just heard that the two parliaments are negotiating, but the differences are still huge, and new variables may arise at any time."
When Eivar heard this, the expression on his face darkened visibly.
Xu Yun on the side blinked and suddenly understood something.
Speaking of the full name of the country Britain, one title may flash in most people’s minds:
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
However, not many people may know the true meaning of this title.
Actually.
The real United Kingdom is made up of Scotland, England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
What we call England does not fully represent the United Kingdom.
These four countries all belong to the British system, but they have a high degree of freedom from each other.
Take the simplest example:
These four countries participate independently in the two major competitions, the World Cup and the European Cup.
Among these countries, Scotland's hatred of England is almost full. (The feud between Scotland and England will run through this copy, so I will focus on introducing it in detail)
In fact, the first people to live on the British Isles were the Scots. They were the landowners and real owners of the entire island.
But back then they were not called Scots, but Celts.
The Celtics are a group of ruthless characters, but they didn't expect that they encountered an even more ruthless opponent - this person was Caesar who was almost kicked into the moat by a certain bat spirit.
As a generational hero.
When Caesar invaded the British Isles for the second time, he successfully landed and knocked the Celts to the ground and beat them.
The Celts were pushed to the northern mountains by the Western Romans and could only survive by relying on the favorable terrain of the mountains.
And this time.
The Romans had a sudden idea and made a cool move:
They built a wall at the narrowest point of the British Isles, also known as Hadrian's Wall.
This city wall is certainly incomparable in scale to our mainland city walls, but the British Isles is not our endless frontier, right?
Ever since.
It divides the island of Britain into northern and southern parts.
This is not a simple regional division. Since then, the British Island has formed two regions, north and south.
There are great differences between the two regions in terms of ethnicity, religion, national politics, language, and culture.
Those in the south stayed with the Romans and were gradually assimilated.
Those in the north persisted in fighting and continued the Celtic lineage.
Later, in the fifth century AD, the Western Roman Dynasty came to an end.
Therefore, the Celts in the north, and now the Pitek people on the island of Ireland, launched a counterattack and quickly achieved excellent results.
But as for the people in the south, they already had huge conceptual differences with the Celtics.
They believed that the Celtics in the north were not good people, and they could not let these people do whatever they wanted.
So those people in the south came to possess Wu Sangui, called the Anglo-Saxons, and asked them to be responsible for "maintaining stability."
These Anglo-Saxons came to the island and took root, becoming the ancestors of what is now England and Wales.
This is the root cause of all the national conflicts between England and Scotland.
People who are not of my race must have different minds. In fact, many people abroad believe this to be true.
By 1298.
King Edward I of England led a personal expedition and completely penetrated the Scottish defenses. England completely annexed Scottish territory for the first time.
But the Scots were unconvinced, so the local resistance movement became more intense day by day.
Finally, in 1314, Scotland regained its independence.
The movie "Braveheart" describes this period of history.
However, in dynastic wars at home and abroad in ancient and modern times, there is often no shortage of marriages.
Therefore, it often happens that A and B are at war, but A has a blood relationship with B's descendants.
1603.
The powerful Queen Elizabeth of England...ahem, passed away.
Because he had no heirs during his lifetime, the closest relationship to him was his grandnephew, the then King of Scotland, James VI.
So while wearing the Scottish crown, James VI was also crowned King of England.
But at this time, James was just the same person wearing two crowns, and England and Scotland were still two countries.
But on the other hand.
This also kicked off the merger of the two countries and established a basis for cooperation for the merger.
The reasons that ultimately led to the merger of the two countries are somewhat interesting to say:
Scotland went bankrupt and ended up selling itself to pay off its debts…
That was in 1688, when Gaul was killing all over Europe, quite like a desolate emperor.
In order to stop the expansion of Gaul, European countries united to fight against Gaul, which was known as the "Grand Alliance War" in history.
As one of the participating countries in the war, Scotland was single-handedly targeted by Gaul, and its economy suffered a severe blow.
But as the saying goes.
Blessings come in pairs, and misfortunes never come alone.
At this time, another famine broke out in the country, and about 15% of the population died of starvation.
In order to develop the economy, the Scottish government decided to give it a go:
Plans to establish domestic colonies in Central America to facilitate trade with Asia.
But considering that the treasury was already empty, the Scottish government finally made the decision to rely on public fundraising for the project funding.
In this way, members of Congress, local gentry, and thousands of wealthy citizens with professions such as captains, doctors, and pharmacists enthusiastically invested their life savings in the colonial project.
Then tragedy happened:
Before the second colonial fleet arrived in Panama in 1699, the "New Edinburgh" established by Scotland had been completely destroyed by the Spanish, and all these funds finally entered the pockets of the Spanish.
True. A boy who brings wealth.
This part of the funds was approximately 25% to 50% of the wealth circulating in Scotland at that time, so Scotland collapsed.
in this case.
Scotland could only seek political union in exchange for economic aid and England's promise to relax trade restrictions.
So 1707.
The joint bill of both parties was passed.
The Scottish Parliament was dissolved and the two countries formally merged into the single "Kingdom of Great Britain".
Of course.
Not all Scots agree with this outcome, so there has always been a voice for Scottish independence, even in the later generations of Xu Yun's time.
And at this point in time...
This happens to be one of the key stages:
In another 36 years, the Scottish Home Rule Association would be established.
Although this wave of independence movements ultimately failed, in recent times, tensions between England and Scotland have been intense.
There were frequent frictions between the two sides at the border, and there were even armed fights involving hundreds of people.
Just out of sensitivity, both sides used hand-to-hand combat or cold weapons, and no one dared to use firearms.
under such circumstances.
It was only last year that the village of Mendisolo built a high wall, using this method that is much higher than ordinary fences to protect itself.
A few minutes later.
Everyone arrived outside an open space.
As soon as they arrived, Thomson and Xu Yun frowned at the same time:
At this time, a table was placed in the open space, and around the table were more than a dozen men with excited expressions, who were playing primitive gambling games with strange screams.
The surroundings were filled with a strange smell mixed with sweat and alcohol.
The arrival of Thomson and his friends attracted the attention of some people, but they just glanced at Thomson and his team and continued to gamble.
Eivar was not surprised by this. He walked up to a tall and thin man and pulled him out of the crowd.
"Hey! Slow down, slow down!"
After standing firm, the elderly man shook out his clothes that were wrinkled by Eivar and complained:
"Dad Elva, what are you doing? I was just about to place a bet!"
“Bet, bet, you know how to bet!”
Eibar slapped the man on the head with great momentum, pointed at Thomson and said:
"Stelin, no guests will not receive it when someone comes to the door?"
The tall man Stelin heard a stun, and immediately realized something.
He quickly looked at Tomson and tentatively said:
"You mean ....."
Eval snorted coldly, hugging his hands on his chest, and said:
"These gentlemen are guests passing by from Edinburgh. The main axis of their carriage is broken. I remember how many new three -inch main axis you did, right?"
The more Sterling listened to his eyes, the bigger, and the eyes were almost glowing in the end:
"Some, there are how much you want!"
Students who have learned geography should know.
Britain is planted in winter wheat, which is a crop that sowing and growing in winter.
At this time, the solar terms were in autumn and winter communication. The farmers had done farm work, and most of the prey in the mountains began to prepare for hibernation.
Therefore.
These idle farmers and hunters will come here to gamble.
Therefore, as a carpenter, Sterling has not opened it for many days, and he can only touch his luck at the gambling table.
After all, the peak sales season of agricultural tools is on the occasion of spring and summer, as is the trap of hunting.
So his expression was so excited when he learned that Thomson needed a carriage's main axis.
Don't look like a wooden carriage main axis. It seems that it is a bit difficult to calm down.
In particular, Thomson's situation that requires long -distance driving, the requirements of the main axis are higher.
Therefore, the price will not be low. (DOI10.15967/-1312/G4.2008.06.006, this is the cost reference of the only carriage)
Generally speaking.
The main axis cost of a two-wheeled carriage accounts for about 25%-35%of the entire car, which is roughly equal to the carriage+car.
This price in the 19th century Britain is basically equivalent to selling fifteen farm tools. (Refer to F329/K27 in the agricultural economy category of "The Modern History of the World" in the 04 edition of the "Modern History of the World", and call to find an OVO of an acquaintance of the Social Sciences at 5 am)
While Stalin nodded his head, he took Tomson to his home.
Not far from the extremely lively gambling table.
A big man with a fleshy face looked at them without moving, and immediately showed a vitality:
"WTF, this shit's hand, unfair, reopen! All three must be reopened!"
When the other hunters on the side saw this, they couldn't help laughing:
"Kurz, you are drunk, hurry up and let me go!"
Under the persuasion of the crowd, the big man named Kurz left the gambling table at all abnormally, and then he walked to the corner, and the drunk on his face disappeared instantly.
I saw him groping on his body for a moment, took out a piece of folding paper ...
Later, he flatt and put it in front of him.
I saw a character sketch similar to Tomson's six or seven points on this paper, and other information was added.
In front of the portrait, there are a few English letters:
Order for Arrest! !
Kurz looked at the content on his head carefully, and stayed on Thomson's beard and particularly high hairline for a while.
After a while.
Kurz:
"√√√"
...........
