Because of the uneven distribution of spoils in the Nanyang War, a new round of confrontation between the army and the navy occurred in the spring of the 16th year of Chengshun. The army and navy fought fiercely, but the wind was loud and the rain was light, which made many people feel a little bit confused. boring.
Even if you beat them back and forth without showing any real signs, it's nothing to watch. You might as well watch the new year's oiran competition on the Qinhuai River. Watching the young ladies twisting and turning is no better than watching those warriors playing tricks. .
And some people who really pay attention to current affairs do not focus on the trivial matters of the army and navy, but on the diversion of the Yellow River, which has been gaining momentum recently.
After more than ten years of surveying and many preliminary preparations, the first phase of the Yellow River Alteration Project began in the 13th year of Chengshun.
After three years of continuous construction, the first phase of construction has been completed. The construction in this phase did not actually divert the Yellow River, but mainly focused on the construction of the flood discharge area of the scheduled new river channel and the flood control facilities of some original river channels. In terms of construction, the main task is to strengthen the embankment.
Starting this year, the Dachu Empire will begin the second phase of the Yellow River diversion project.
This phase of construction will widen, straighten, and strengthen the embankments of a large area of the original river channel to ensure that when a large amount of Yellow River water inflows in the future, the embankments along the way can withstand the pressure of the flood, especially the scheduled inflows. In the direction of Haikou, large-scale river construction projects are needed.
Secondly, we began to build various water diversion canals on a large scale so that in the future, large amounts of river water can be introduced to places where water resources are needed for irrigation.
At the same time, these diversion canals are also part of the canal network, which can navigate some small-tonnage flat-bottomed boats and build an inland water transportation network.
This phase of the project is expected to take about five years. Once completed, in principle, the new river channel will have the ability to receive the water of the Yellow River, and the rest will be some finishing work.
The entire Yellow River diversion project will last until about the 22nd year of Chengshun, and various constructions will continue to be carried out to ensure the safety of the new river channel and even some Yellow River channels in the Central Plains region and the effective use of the Yellow River water resources.
The impact of the Yellow River diversion project is huge. It can not only control the constant flooding in the Jiangbei region and the Central Plains, but also bring sufficient water resources to the North China Plain, so that the local area can obtain more water resources and make more land available. Get watered.
In addition, the Yellow River diversion project itself will also create a huge number of jobs and wealth!
Especially after the second phase of the large-scale project was launched, a large number of domestic companies were watching, trying to get a piece of the pie.
These matters concerning vital interests attract more attention than the quarrels between the army and navy.
Under such a big wave, the second phase of the Yellow River diversion project has also started smoothly. Hundreds of thousands of people will be working on the long river at the same time. The funds required are provided by the central government and localities along the way, including the Yellow River. The financial burden will be shared through various places, such as Jiangbei Province and other places.
Of course, commitment does not mean that you can now come up with a huge amount of funds in one fell swoop.
These funds are basically coordinated and arranged by the Yellow River Diversion Project Team in Jinling, and the Ministry of Finance is entrusted to raise them by issuing treasury bonds. In the future, the national treasury and local finances will slowly repay the debts...
Even for a country as large as the Chu Empire, if it wanted to carry out a huge project like diversion of the Yellow River, it would need to mobilize a large amount of private capital to participate, and it would be impossible to come up with so much cash on its own finances alone.
It’s not that there really isn’t that much money, but that money has a predetermined use. Military expenses and various administrative expenses, as well as support for industrial and commercial development, education, infrastructure and many other expenses require money. It is difficult to spend extra money. A large sum of tens of millions of Chu Yuan came.
Therefore, the only way to raise money is to borrow money first and then pay it back slowly.
This is not the first time that the Chu Empire has issued national debt. During the Unification War, and even when Huguang was squatting, the Chu Empire tried to issue national debt, but the effect was not very good at that time.
The first issuance of national debt was not very effective. After the Chu Empire occupied Jiangnan, the second issuance of national debt was slightly better.
However, the series of national debt issuances during the Unification War were rarely purchased by ordinary people. Basically, they were purchased by interest groups who had already boarded the ship of the Chu Empire, such as those officials and related businessmen.
They buy national bonds basically to show their loyalty, especially those officials, who purchase quotas for themselves according to their rank and position...
Of course, the official group doesn't buy much... If it buys a lot, you have to explain how you got the money?
On the whole, it is still done in a way similar to raising funds for charity!
The main force in buying treasury bonds are businessmen with interests related to the Chu Empire, and they are not buying the treasury bonds for the interest, let alone as an investment. They purely regard the treasury bonds as the Great Chu Empire's version of apportionment...
As for apportionment, traditional businessmen in China are very familiar with it. As long as the amount is not too exaggerated and beyond the scope of knowledge and the number is reasonable, they will not talk nonsense to you and just pay...
But after the Unification War ended, the people saw that the empire had completely changed. The most important thing was that the Chu Empire had gradually cashed in its matured national debt and paid the corresponding interest.
Only then has the public's trust in the national debt been truly established, and they have treated the national debt as a financial product for investment and value preservation.
Although the interest rate on national debt is not high, it is better than stability!
Banks are all at risk of bankruptcy, and depositing money in banks these days does not earn interest... This is also the bank of the Dachu Empire. If it is a bank in other countries, such as a banker in Italy, you can deposit money and pay back I'll charge you a storage fee.
But as for the treasury bonds of the Dachu Empire, you can treat them as time deposits, which also pay interest.
Moreover, the financial revenue of the Dachu Empire is extremely high, so there is no need to worry about solvency.
People’s thinking is, I’ll just buy a few tens or hundreds of dollars of national debt, and the central fiscal revenue of the empire is more than 100 million, so no matter what, I won’t lose my little money!
If that doesn't work, you can still borrow new debts to repay old debts!
You see, people have even come up with ways to pay off their debts...
As for the risk of complete bankruptcy, it can basically be ignored. After all, the Chu Empire was just established not long ago and is still rising at a high speed. According to traditional concepts, the national destiny will last at least one or two hundred years.
Even if you are unlucky, you should be able to hold on for decades.
Therefore, the risk of buying three-year, five-year, and ten-year government bonds is very small, and it is less risky than depositing it in a bank.
Under such circumstances, the national debt of the Great Chu Empire truly opened up the market. It lost the apportionment and fundraising attributes of the past and became a financial investment product.
Because treasury bonds are fixed-term, the principal and interest will not be paid before maturity. However, considering that after people buy treasury bonds, something will happen to them one day and they need money urgently. Therefore, the treasury bonds of the Dachu Empire are also divided into registered and There are two types of anonymous.
Both types of government bonds can be traded.
Registered treasury bonds are generally large-denomination treasury bonds, which are basically purchased by wealthy individuals or companies and other investment institutions. To change ownership, you need to register the change at the provincial branch of a central bank that issues the registered treasury bonds.
Unregistered treasury bonds are simple. They can be recognized without recognition of the person. You can trade them by yourself, or you can go to the treasury bond trading center of the provincial branches of the central bank for transactions.
To a certain extent, this is also the first officially recognized and organized financial investment product in the Chu Empire that can be freely traded.
Therefore, up to now, the national debt of the Chu Empire can be directly used as large amounts of cash to a certain extent.
The successful issuance of national bonds in recent years has also allowed the Chu Empire to raise more funds for investment in some basic projects and even some large industrial projects.
For example, the Ministry of Industry entrusted the Ministry of Finance to issue and raise industrial treasury bonds, which has provided great assistance to the Ministry of Industry’s series of industrial layouts in recent years.
Industrial investment costs money, especially in the heavy industry where official capital focuses on investment, which is like a gold-eating beast.
Any project can easily cost hundreds of thousands of Chu Yuan, and some may even require millions of Chu Yuan.
For example, the Ministry of Industry leads the investment of Jiangnan Machinery Company, which is a machinery company focusing on large and ultra-large equipment. At the same time, the company is also the core enterprise responsible for future steam engine mass production plans.
Another example is Jinling Precision Instrument Company, which is a company that focuses on ultra-precision instruments and mainly provides various precision mechanical equipment for research and development in various industries.
The Ministry of Industry has also launched a large number of similar projects, involving almost every industry in the industrial field, and heavy industry investment has been heavily invested.
Many of these investments are not purely factory construction and equipment purchase expenses, but are actually more research and development expenses.
For example, Jiangnan Machinery Company has to undertake the mass production project of future steam engines. However, many of the materials and processing techniques used in the steam engine projects under development are innovative, and many of them are currently products in the laboratory.
What Jiangnan Machinery Company needs to do is to conduct research and development on these new materials and new processing techniques independently or in conjunction with other manufacturers.
Therefore, Jiangnan Machinery Company is not only a machinery company, but its core components include the Materials Research Institute, the Special Equipment Research Institute, etc.
These few enterprises are only a small part of the official capital investment, and there are many similar projects and enterprises in the Dachu Empire.
At present, the Ministry of Industry has cumulatively invested in the establishment of 17 very large enterprises with an investment amount of more than one million yuan, and more than 100 large enterprises with an investment amount of more than 500,000 yuan.
As for investments below 500,000 yuan, they are basically not directly led by the Ministry of Industry. Instead, they are invested internally by large and very large enterprises, or by local official capital.
Over the past decade or so, official capital has invested more than 100 million yuan in direct investment in the industrial field.
This only counts direct investment by the Ministry of Industry and does not include investment by government-run enterprises using their own profits or regular bank loans.
What is this concept? It is as much as the current annual central fiscal revenue of the Great Chu Empire!
Naturally, these investments cannot all be financed by the government. Although the Chu Empire provides great support in the industrial field, it is impossible for it to spend so much cash for direct investment.
These investments were official direct investments in the early stage, and in the middle and later stages, they were multi-pronged. On the one hand, they relied on loans provided by several banks such as the Finance Bank, and on the other hand, they issued industrial government bonds (this part can actually be regarded as loan).
It can be seen that industrial treasury bonds and bank loans have become important boosters for the industrial development of the Dachu Empire!
Of course, the direct investment from the Ministry of Industry (including local industrial departments) can only act as a booster, and the real investment in the industrial system still needs to be promoted by the major government-run enterprises themselves.
They either use their own profits or conventional bank loans to invest in construction.
Let’s not talk about bank loans, this is routine operation!
It is worth mentioning that the reinvestment of corporate profits is not a small amount, and even exceeds official capital investment and bank loans.
Regardless of the fact that official capital investments are in heavy industries that seem to be slow to return their capital, in fact, at present, government-run enterprises are still quite profitable, especially those in special fields, which are making more money every day.
For example, Daye Steel Company, Hantian Machinery Company, Dangtu Steel Company, Dangtu Machinery Company, Guangzhou Machinery Company, and a series of other companies focusing on the fields of mining, smelting, and mechanical equipment, many of which are very profitable.
Hantian Machinery Company, in particular, has a long history and strong technology. The various types of textile equipment it produces occupy a considerable domestic market share. In some high-end fields, it has no competitors, and its profits are very high. rich.
There is another product that is less eye-catching but more profitable, and that is cooking utensils... In the eyes of the public, Hantian Machinery Company is most famous not for its mechanical equipment, but for its iron pots and other types of iron cooking utensils.
Hanpot has become popular all over the country in just a dozen years. It has even been introduced to markets in Fuso, Southeast Asia, the Indian Peninsula and other places with many maritime traders. With its excellent quality and relatively low price, it can be said to be a killer. Invincible all over the world!
Better than it, not as cheap as it!
Cheaper than it, not as good as it...
If there is one world-famous brand among so many companies and countless products in the industrial world of the Dachu Empire, it would be 'Han Guo'.
As for cloth, the export volume is actually larger, but there are too many textile companies exporting cloth, and it has not yet formed a global brand that is widely recognized by people from all over the world!
Unlike in the field of cookware, Hantian Machinery Company is a dominant player with markets all over the world... It is said that many handicraft workshops and blacksmiths engaged in the production of cookware in indigenous countries have been put out of work!
Why?
When Hantian Machinery Company develops a new market, it often adopts a low-price strategy. How low can this price be? Cheaper than the price of iron materials purchased by those indigenous handicraft workshops...
If it weren't for the special technology of Hantian Machinery Company's Hanguo, although the iron pot produced by its special technology is of good quality, it would be difficult to return it to the furnace for reprocessing. If it had to be returned to the furnace, the iron material would be very brittle and would not be processed. Great for forging weapons.
In other words, the indigenous people have no way to reprocess these iron materials, remove some impurities and then process them into weapons.
Otherwise, the indigenous people would simply import these Chinese pots directly, then melt them and use them to make weapons.
The great success in the field of cookware also supports Hantian Machinery Company's continued reinvestment in R&D and production.
Therefore, in the minds of many domestic people and even people around the world, Hantian Machinery Company is just a seller of iron pots...
But in fact, Hantian Machinery Company is also the first in the country in many fields of mechanical equipment, and is the first in both technology and market share.
For example, cotton spinning equipment, wool spinning equipment, and various types of large machine tools with very high technical content, such as large hydraulic boring machines. More than 80% of the boring machines used in domestic manufacturing of guns are provided by Hantian Machinery Company.
With leading technology and a large market share, profits are naturally indispensable, so Hantian Machinery Company has continued to invest in these years.
Especially in the three major coastal port industrial cities of Songjiang, Guangzhou and Tianjin, branches have been set up and large-scale production bases have been built. Several factories have also been established in other important cities in the country where there are production conditions and market demand.
In addition, in order to maintain its technological leadership, Hantian Machinery Company has also invested extensively in the research and development of various messy technologies, especially various high-performance materials.
After all, although Hantian Machinery Company is jokingly called an iron pan seller, it is a serious high-tech machinery and equipment company that attaches great importance to new technologies, such as various cutting tools used on machine tools!
In the past four or five years, Hantian Machinery Company has been fighting like crazy with industrial cutting tools... They are obsessed with developing a cutter head that can directly process high-carbon materials!
According to rumors in the market, Hantian Machinery Company's R&D team in the field of cutting tools has hundreds of people. These R&D personnel are all high-income earners, with monthly salaries starting from 20 to 30 yuan.
The salary of these people alone exceeds 100,000 yuan per year!
By the way, Hantian Machinery Company's research and development in this field has also made another major category of Hantian Machinery Company's kitchenware product line, that is, kitchen knives, gradually famous...
It's not that it's as cheap and easy to use as an iron pot, but it's famous for its good performance and more expensive price...
In the spring of the 16th year of Chengshun, Hantian Machinery Company launched a high-end kitchen knife on the market, with a price of more than 40 yuan... making everyone who heard it think they were crazy.
Can you imagine that people in the 21st century use one year's annual income to buy a kitchen knife?
Ordinary people in the 21st century cannot imagine it, nor can the people of the Chu Empire in the 17th century.
Other kitchen knives in the same high-end series are not cheap either. They start with just a few Chu Yuan, and the mid-range ones cost more than ten Chu Yuan.
However, although this series of high-end kitchen knives are extremely expensive, their performance is really good!
Holding a Hantian Supreme series high-end kitchen knife, you are holding a true sword. With one strike, you will be defeated by any famous sword.
The military's standard waist knife is not even suitable for carrying shoes!
Therefore, some military generals will also use their connections to find Hantian Machinery Company to customize their sabers, sabers, etc.
Why are the kitchen knives produced by Hantian Machinery Company so awesome?
Because... the materials used by others were originally intended to be used in machine tool cutter heads, but the performance requirements did not meet the requirements. Based on the idea of recycling waste, Hantian Machinery Company took advantage of the situation and came up with a series of high-end kitchen knives.
The kitchen knife was not completed... Instead, many military generals asked many military generals to use their connections to develop customized sabers and sabers. Then Hantian Machinery Company was also thinking about how to apply for a cold weapon production and sales license and then develop high-end sabers and sabers. The sword product series is ready... Make some pocket money by using some waste technologies in the process of developing new materials, and finally bring some blood back to the invincible sinkhole of material research and development!
Hantian Machinery Company fell into the sinkhole of materials research and development and never came back. It didn't know when it would get back up. This also resulted in their annual R&D investment being really high.
In addition to Hantian Machinery Company, a representative company in the machinery industry, there is also the Songjiang Naval Shipyard in the shipbuilding industry, which is also a major profit maker among government-run enterprises!
Its earning power is stronger than the other four domestic shipyards in the top five combined, and it is even more...
Thanks to the strong support of the Chu Empire to encourage overseas trade, the navy continued to expand its fleet, and this shipyard was the largest and most technologically advanced shipyard in the country.
This shipyard has occupied most of the orders for warships over 1,000 tons. Guangzhou Shipbuilding can only take a small share. As for Qingdao Naval Shipyard, another government-invested shipyard in China, it cannot even get an order for one.
Qingdao Naval Shipyard has not been going well since its establishment. All kinds of misfortunes have happened one after another. Sometimes there is a fire in the new factory, sometimes the factory management team is killed in a storm on the way to take office, sometimes it encounters a typhoon, and sometimes it encounters a large-scale disaster. Production accidents killed and injured hundreds of people.
All kinds of bad luck are almost constant, and they happen every year. This has also caused the construction progress of the Qingdao Naval Shipyard to seriously lag behind.
After it was finally completed, its technology has lagged behind other shipbuilding for many years. The mechanical equipment originally ordered can no longer meet the needs of new technologies. This does not mean that ships cannot be built, but that new warships with higher requirements cannot be built, or It's barely built, but the performance is not good and the cost is higher.
The technology is not very good and the cost is still high, so that in the field of warships, Qingdao Naval Shipyard can only rely on some orders for frigates.
Even the orders for frigates are not as large as Guangzhou Li's Shipyard and Songjiang Luohua Shipyard with private capital... If it weren't for the fact that this is the Navy's own son, the Navy would have given up on this unlucky shipyard.
After all...the navy is also afraid of bad luck!
People who go to sea these days are still very superstitious, and the navy is no exception.
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