Look at the people below. Some people are hopeful, but more people are confused. Wang Xiaolie was a little helpless. This is the first time these people have heard such a statement, and many people do not understand what it means.
What can be done about this? We can only rely on time to slowly let everyone understand. After thinking for a while, Wang Xiaolie turned around and drew two curved lines on the blackboard. A flat and gentle normal distribution has a large variance. The other one is thin and tall, and has a normal distribution with small variance.
Pointing to the two curves, Wang Xiaolie said: "The line on the left is the normal distribution when the variance is large. The line on the right is the normal curve when the variance is small. After you enter school, these are important Now I have an impression of the learning content. We hope that the society under governance will be like the one on the left, with a relatively large variance, with all kinds of people and all kinds of things in the society. We don’t want it to be like the one on the right, where life in the world, You are not allowed to do this, you are not allowed to do that, the whole society is the same."
"Confucius said, at seventy, you can do what you want without violating the rules. We hope that the people under our rule can be in such a state. When they live in the world, they are not afraid of breaking the law by doing this or breaking the law by doing that, and can live happily. I hope that we govern The people of the lower class should not be afraid of being bullied when they go out, and should not encounter thieves and robbers at every turn. People can be rich or poor, but they are not high or low."
"Such a society requires that the government cannot ignore everything, nor can it supervise everything. In principle, except for important matters, general affairs are supervised by private officials. Private affairs can be close to the people, and official supervision can ensure fairness and impartiality. Commercial Management is the responsibility of the guild. The guild cannot be too large. The general requirement is that there must be more than two in the state and one in the county. In larger cities, there can be more. Those who manage the guild are those engaged in the industry People serve as errands, and the government sends officials to supervise them. Rural markets also send errands and are supervised by officials. The principle of setting up officials by the government is to go to the county, and the people below are managed by themselves. The person who is the errand manager cannot be a local household, and must be allowed to do so. The people are convinced.”
Having said this, Wang Xiaolie smiled. Said: "To be serious, there are no reliable officials, and there is no way to avoid it. These things can only be said. If the government does not send officials, it will not be long before the place will be controlled by the powerful. The governor cannot be just a name. We really need supervision. Only when officials supervise things well can private affairs be handled well. The core of everything lies in the word official."
Since the Qin Dynasty, China has been a unified government, with all power in the hands of the government. Except for special periods, as long as the government wants to do it, there is nothing that cannot be done. This is different from Europe. This difference must be understood and not be deceived by the knowledge of later generations.
During the European Middle Ages, two societies existed. From the king to the nobles at all levels, feudal rule is a kind of rule. Commercial towns everywhere, with no obligations to the king and nobles except to pay taxes, were another. The bourgeois revolution was when the industrial and commercial people in the towns, what was later called the bourgeoisie, overthrew the king and the nobles and became the rulers themselves.
Most of the various theories that emerged in Europe are inseparable from this foundation. Ballot politics, to a large extent, comes from the selection of administrative officials in industrial and commercial towns. A large number of political thoughts also come from this tradition. For example, the social contract theory is also a contract between industrial and commercial people in cities and towns and the government. Other ideas are similar.
If you don't understand your own political tradition and are not familiar with the history of your own nation, blindly learning from the West will not work.
Western political thought, no matter what doctrine it is, no matter what thought it is, is related to the tradition of industry, commerce, and towns, and the other is related to common religious beliefs. Without this condition, many times we cannot understand Westerners’ ideas.
For example, everyone is equal, which means everyone is equal under God, which has religious significance. Without religious thoughts, there will be confusion. How can people be born equal? Regardless of history or reality, is there equality? What exactly is equality?
For example, freedom refers to the power of freedom given by God to people, and it also has religious significance. Without religion, it is difficult for others to understand what freedom means. Is it political freedom? Or economic freedom? Or freedom of thought?
Discussions of human nature in traditional Chinese thought, such as the good and evil nature, and the theory of temperament, are difficult to see in the West. Because there is religion, these are not for people to discuss. The discussion of human nature is indispensable to political thought.
When I was studying Marxism-Leninism in my previous life, the first thing I had to learn was the definition of human beings. Starting from the definition of people, we start the discussion of society.
A lot of knowledge that was very popular in previous lives has no meaning at all to traditional China. Going back to traditional China, talking about bourgeois revolution and wanting the bourgeoisie to take power is purely ridiculous. As for why capitalism sprouted in the Ming Dynasty, some people even say that it existed in the Song Dynasty. It is far-fetched to just use Western history to match Chinese history. Where did the bourgeoisie come from in ancient China?
Thinking of this, Wang Xiaolie couldn't help but look at his arms. Speaking of which, one of the most valuable ideas in my previous life was wearing three watches. It's just that there was no need to think about this issue in the previous life, and no specific implementation measures were seen.
Speaking of which, Europeans and Americans particularly like to make fuss over boundary issues, perhaps because they attach great importance to conceptual definitions. As for people, their arguments about how many genders there are, etc., will inevitably make outsiders confused.
Wang Xiaolie said: "In government affairs, we should focus on the problems that are difficult for the people to solve, not on the minutiae. For example, how to collect less and less taxes, and how to make the government's finances worry-free. How to do things that are related to the national economy and the people's livelihood. It is important not to disturb the people when it comes to important matters. During the Xining period of the reform, the government plundered the people too much and was too detailed. But it cannot ignore the industrial and commercial activities of the people. As long as the government doesn't care, it won't be long before the government becomes tyrannical. Lin Li. Our approach is to encourage guild management, but not allow them to be autonomous. The management of guilds must be under the rules set by the government. Those who exceed these rules must be punished. At this time, the officials responsible for government supervision It is particularly important. Businessmen will inevitably bribe them if interests prevail. Once they are bribed, the system will fail."
Having said this, Wang Xiaolie looked at the crowd and said: "Everyone should have heard clearly that the government's supervision of officials is particularly important. As long as one official fails to do his duty, it will affect a large area. Therefore, our supervision system will be better than before. Be strict. Everyone must be mentally prepared. After becoming an official, if you do something you shouldn't do, you will definitely be caught. Anyone caught will definitely be punished. Don't feel that you are irreplaceable. If you punish one person, there will be many others behind you. Take your seat. As long as you are an official with peace of mind and work hard to play your role well, you will not lose your glory."
"A few days ago, officials from the Zhenfu Department went to a restaurant to drink together. Two people played the role of Qiao Hesheng. It was very interesting. All the officials laughed. Counselor Chen next to me asked me. The other officials were laughing, why did Zhenfu Not smiling? That’s when I noticed that I wasn’t smiling. After thinking about it for a long time, I couldn’t think of a reason, so I had to say that the show was very good, but I didn’t like it.”
Having said this, Wang Xiaolie smiled bitterly and said: "Oh, it's just that I don't like it. At that time, I realized that I haven't laughed for a long time. Even the joys, anger, sorrows and joys that ordinary people should have, I haven't felt them for a long time. I said do it Officials just play the role of gods. Many people think this is funny. Let me tell you, it’s not funny. Only when you really do it and do it well will you know that you will lose your joy, anger, sorrow, and joy without realizing it. People should have many emotions. At that time, I realized why I said it was acting. Because as soon as you take off your official uniform and come out of the role you are playing, you can have human emotions. If you cannot come out, for your life, It’s sad.”
