The knowledge from the past life always told Wang Xiaolie that science must already exist, and the steps are clear, and there is no mistake. The same goes for human society. It is divided into several steps and you can climb up step by step. And there is only this pair of ladders, and it is impossible not to climb.
When I arrived in this world, I thought I was the leader of an army. The more I thought about it, the more I realized there was something wrong with this statement. There is no choice but to start from the very beginning. Only by explaining this truth clearly can we build solid political power.
Such a world is different from other worlds. In other words, this is Wang Xiaolie's world.
Historically, human society has never been the same. In the real world, human society is not the same. It is just an assumption to think that human society should be the same.
Clearing his throat, Wang Xiaolie said: "In human practice, by summarizing and adding some imagination, people have sorted out some regular knowledge about nature and people. Some knowledge, because of its wide applicability, is relatively It is more correct to call them theories. These theories are very important. They are a summary of human past practices and predictions of the future. Learning these theories and using them to guide our practice is an important way for the development of human society. However, Just as it was said earlier that concepts are defined by humans, the same is true for theories. They are summed up by humans, not originally in the world. Such knowledge is different from Tao and must not be correct, but is only an approximation of the real world."
The audience below were all dumbfounded, and they obviously had no idea what Wang Xiaolie was talking about. Those who were still clear-headed were jotting down quickly with a pencil. It doesn’t matter if you don’t understand, as long as you write it down, you will understand slowly.
"Theories are not inherently correct. Don't forget this. If you forget and think that what you have learned is the truth, if it is inconsistent with the facts, there must be something wrong with the facts. If you learn like this, there is really a problem. The theory is not really correct, and guiding practice must be inconsistent with reality. Therefore, the relationship between theory and practice is a big problem in work."
Many people think that there are too many things that are taken for granted in the humanities and that the natural sciences are rigorous. The theories of the humanities may not be correct, but the theories of the natural sciences should not be doubted. Not really. Most scientists are very aware that the theories they learn are incomplete. It's just that under realistic conditions, this can only be the result. The work of scientists is largely about subverting previous theories.
In contrast, humanities researchers are very confident when their theories are often viewed with skepticism. They are confident that their theories are absolutely correct and angrily accuse doubters of having ulterior motives.
To a certain extent, from a civilizational perspective, mankind has not yet come into contact with the truth. All theories, whether in the natural sciences or the humanities, are staged. It's just a human understanding of the real world, an approximation. The development of science is to make this understanding deeper and this approximation closer to the real world.
When people live in the world, what we see, hear, touch, and feel is the real world. But summarizing this real world and describing it to others will always deviate from the real world. These deviations are summarized into the theory, and the world described by the theory is different from the real world.
Many people cannot understand this difference and even think that rigorous reasoning based on scientific theories is the real world. The past and future described by scientific laws are the reality of the world.
Not really.
Human beings have archeology, genetic theory, and evolution theory, which paints a map of human evolution. Some people firmly believe in this map and feel that it is the reality of history. It's safe to say it's not. This is just the understanding of human beings at a certain stage, and the reasoning and imagination of history based on these understandings. The development of science makes this reasoning and imagination closer and closer to reality, but it is not reality.
According to the laws of physics, humans have described the origin and development of the universe and predicted its future. Is this true? no. The Big Bang is just a hypothesis. Although it is convincing, it cannot be said to be the historical reality.
This is a limitation of the theory. When starting from theory, the initial knowledge is an approximate understanding and description of the world. No matter what kind of reasoning is performed, approximation cannot replace reality.
"If you know that theory is not truly correct, you should also understand the relationship between theory and practice. If it is not truly correct, theory cannot truly guide practice. When we use theory to guide, we are not just borrowing from other people and other places and practicing them The summary allows us to have a roughly correct step in practice. From this we know that practice is not the test and verification of theory, nor is practice the result of theoretical guidance. The process of practice is actually the revision of theory. Learn a Theory comes, and only through practice can it become our own theory. Theory and practice are inseparable. Without theory, practice is blind. Without practice, theory is incorrect."
"On Practice" believes that there is truth, and truth can be discovered through practice. It develops from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge, and then guides practice from rational knowledge to transform the subjective and objective worlds. It is such a process, practice, understanding, practice again, understanding again, and it repeats endlessly. From a cognitive perspective, we believe that there is truth, but the subsequent process actually has nothing to do with the truth.
Wang Xiaolie didn't know if there was truth, but at least at the stage he was at, truth didn't exist. Practice is neither to discover truth nor to verify theory. Practice is human society itself. The so-called theory is just people's summary of other people's practices. Even if the theory is correct in other places, other people, and other things, it will not be correct for the practice that will be carried out.
Looking at the crowd, Wang Xiaolie said: "When we do something, we should find relevant theories. Based on these theories, we formulate action plans. In the process of practice, we will inevitably find places that are inconsistent with the plan and inconsistent with the theory. Inconsistencies. When this happens, you should first check whether there are any errors or mistakes in the practice process. If you have eliminated the shortcomings of practice, you must doubt the theory and plan. Don't do anything if you find that there is any inconsistency with the theory in practice. If you check, you will jump out and say that the theory is wrong. If you do not have a pragmatic and cautious style and cannot carry out practical work seriously, it is a failed practice. For failed practice, it does not matter whether the theory is correct or not. Mistakes in practice are eliminated , and the areas that are different from the theory are the areas where the theory should be modified.”
In this era, people have no concept of theory and practice at all. Listening to Wang Xiaolie talk about this is like listening to a book from heaven. Some people who are used to it write it down in a hurry for fear of remembering a word wrong.
Wang Xiaolie said: "In short, we believe that the Tao cannot be said. The Tao that is spoken is not the real Tao. It is not because of how mysterious the Tao is, but because we humans have limitations. No matter whether it is about the truth There will always be deviations in the description of the world or the understanding of other people's descriptions. This deviation, when integrated into the theory, determines that the theory is incorrect. In our practice process, we must not ignore the theory just because it is incorrect. Attachment means not paying attention to the past practices of mankind. But we should not regard theory as unchangeable truth. We should realize that theory only guides practice and is modified in practice. Only theory that has been modified by practice is correct theory. And This correct theory is incorrect again when we carry out the next practice. The relationship between theory and practice goes back and forth like this. Practice should be guided by theory, but cannot be bound by theory. And our practice, It can’t just be done, it should be related knowledge.”
