I found that the title of the previous chapter was harmonized (haha)...
The Zaunites of the Fruit of Dirty Words....
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Some people have always said that it is difficult to remember the names of people in ancient times. I just said before that I would like to open a chapter and talk about Confucianism and the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors. From the end of August to now, it has been hard to have some leisure time in the past few days in September. I have put it on hold until now when I was on duty at the unit, so I will talk about it in this chapter's remarks. The relationship between the names and other things will be placed in a later chapter.
The first is the Three Emperors who are far away from us. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Lao Dan once listed the Three Emperors, which are the "Three Ancient Emperors" I mentioned in the text.
They are:
[Suirenshi] who drills wood to make fire;
The sage built the wood [Youchao clan];
There is also [Chisei] who teaches everyone how to carry out handicraft production.
These three people are the Three Emperors of the Lower World. Zhuangzi did not call them the Three Emperors of the Lower Ages, but said that they were the Three Emperors of that era.
The most familiar ones to us are the "Three Emperors" after the Three Emperors, the so-called Fuxi, Shennong, and Xuanyuan. Everyone is already familiar with these three.
There are many versions of the Three Emperors, among which the version from the Shiben is taken. The Shiben lists Fuxi, Shennong, and Huangdi as the Three Emperors, and Shaohao, Zhuanxu, Gao Xin, Tang Yao, and Yushun as the Five Emperors.
Huangdi, the Jianduo man who ate the Jianduo fruit, if he is the Three Emperors, he cannot be the Five Emperors, and if he is the Five Emperors, he cannot be the Three Emperors. Therefore, in many books, if the Yellow Emperor is not ranked among the Three Emperors, then he is basically Ranked first among the Five Emperors, and his son Shaohao may be removed.
By the way, the saying that the Yellow Emperor is a "stack of arrows" comes from Hu Shi. Although Hu Shi belongs to the Crescent Sect and is not very liked by Comrade Zhou Shuren, Mr. Hu's statement about the Yellow Emperor does make some sense.
"When you don't know who invented something, you can just blame Huang Di."
As for the versions of Suiren, Fuxi and Shennong, they come from Shangshu.
"Customs and Customs" says that the three emperors are "Fuxi, Nuwa and Shennong".
"White Tiger Tongyi" replaces Nuwa with Zhu Rong.
Among the three emperors, there is also "Gonggong", a contractor who specializes in mountain excavation and levee maintenance. He should be the "Jiuzhou Bo" who "dominated Jiuzhou" in the legend of Gonggong.
Then, after talking about these six, there are a few more people who need to be mentioned.
That is, "Wanghuo", "Yuejian" and "Jufang".
If you just say the clan name, no one will know it, so let’s put it another way.
Emperor of Heaven, Emperor of Earth, Emperor of Thailand.
This should be understood by most.
The Taihuang refers to the Human Emperor. When Sima Zhen of the Tang Dynasty supplemented the Anthology of the Three Emperors, he added that the Taihuang refers to the Human Emperor clan and the Nine-Headed One.
"Preface to the Spring and Autumn Weiming Calendar": "The Emperor came out of Yang Valley and divided into nine rivers.
The clan names of these three people are the names that were traced back to later generations after Cangjie created the Chinese character. Therefore, these three clan names can reflect the characteristics of the times at that time.
Looking forward to harvest, hoping to catch prey, proves that people in this era suffered from disasters and did not have enough to eat.
Yue Jian, surveying the mountains and rivers, proved that people in this era were migrating.
Jufang means "unmoved body", and Fang means "frontier" or "land", which proves that in this era, during the reign of Renhuang, people finally got rid of their wanderings and settled down.
After settlement, the Suiren clan and Youchao clan began to have fire-making and wood-building behaviors. Even though these people were not in the same area as the Suiren clan and Youchao clan.
These three clans can be seen as a microcosm of an era, and they certainly do not refer to just three clans. When the Human Emperor left the Yanggu Valley, it was divided into nine rivers. It can be seen that at this time, the great river civilization began to be born. Among them, the civilization in the Yellow River Basin developed the most rapidly.
That is, "Central Plains".
And here we should also mention the Wulong clan.
It is generally believed that the Wulong clan is after the Renhuang clan, but in my book, the Wulong clan is placed before the ancient Three Emperors era. This view comes from the "Selected Works of Literature", where it is said that "the five dragons compete with each other, and the human emperor has nine heads."
Huainanzi said that the Wulong clan was after the "Tianhuang clan".
Therefore, everyone insisted on their own opinions, so I took the argument from "Selected Works" and made the Wulong clan appear as a person before the ancient Three Emperors era.
So, let me describe some of the "nouns" I used in the book:
The Three Ancient Emperors: Wanghuo, Yuejian, and Jufang;
(Hunting under natural disasters, looking for a place to live, the dawn of settlement.)
The Three Ancient Emperors: Sui Man, who has a nest and knows life;
(Fire and food, shelter and clothing, production and handicrafts.)
The Three Ancient Emperors: Fuxi, Shennong, and Xuanyuan.
(Fishing, hunting, nomadic, agricultural society, rapid development of civilization.)
The changes of the times require staggering one step at a time. The so-called Three Emperors, emperor means "light", which means that these ancestors led the people at that time to come out of hardship and thrive in this land.
That’s why they are the “emperors”.
The Three Emperors are the fire that burns themselves and burns with blazing light. The Five Emperors are the temperature born in the fire, which warms the world and the nascent civilization.
By the way, Huangdi was born in the Shaodian tribe and was named Youxiong. Xuanyuan was the name given to him later, after he defeated Chi You.
As for the one that everyone is familiar with and often appears in the world: "Zhenyishi" is a fictional character. There is no record of this character in any classics, even in this era.
The ability of the Zhenyi family to "begin to make clothes" is actually the merit of the Youchao family.
So the so-called Zhenyi clan means Youchao clan.
Now it is generally believed that the Youchao family are the Hemudu people. They lived in the Mesolithic Age. The Stone Age is divided into three points. The so-called Paleolithic Age from 3 million years ago to 10,000 years ago, and the so-called Paleolithic Age from 10,000 years ago to 4,000 years ago. Left and right is the New Age era.
As a "regional" state, the Mesolithic Age cannot generally be included in the changes of the entire world.
Therefore, it can be said that there were nests living at the end of the Paleolithic Age, or it could be said that they lived at the beginning of the Neolithic Age, but it is more appropriate to say that they lived in the Mesolithic Age, because a major sign of this era is the emergence of seasonal Shack residence.
The time when Sui people had nests and knew life was about 7,000 years ago.
The era of Fuxi, Shennong and Xuanyuan was about 6000 to 4500 years ago.
To give you a yardstick, in 221 BC, which was still 221 years away from the first year of AD, Qin Shihuang swept through the six kingdoms and proclaimed himself emperor.
The Western [Jesus] was born in 4 BC, only nine years older than [Han Guangwu Emperor Liu Xiu].
Is there a sense of a huge rift between the times?
In other words, even if you place it in the era of Qin Shihuang, Huangdi has been more than two thousand years away from Qin Shihuang's era.
And we are more than two thousand years away from Qin Shihuang.
The Suiren family solved the problem of food, and the Youchao family solved the problem of clothing. After they no longer had to worry about food and clothing, the Zhisheng family began to let everyone produce, and society began to slowly progress.
By the time of the Fuxi clan, this period was a matrilineal society. After the emergence of the Chao clan, marriage outside the clan, the totem system, and the first generation of clan society began to take shape.
During the period of the Fuxi clan, the human ancestor Huaxu clan was the dominant one. Fuxi and Nuwa, including Taihao and others, were all leaders of the same clan in different periods.
Therefore, Fuxi should belong to the Nuwa family, and Fuxi was later mentioned before Nuwa. This may be because Fuxi, as the first male leader in a matrilineal clan society, especially in a maternally powerful society like Huaxu and Nuwa, It is surprising, and at the same time, it also shows that Fuxi's ability is indeed extraordinary.
The Bagua Pan, the River Map and the Luoshu, the preliminary weather gauge, the Mountain Changes, the fishing nets, the fences, the original characters, etc., all came from Fuxi's hand. In other words, Fuxi is equivalent to the literary youth of ancient times, not only literary and artistic, but also Very capable.
Fuxi led the people of ancient China to widely enter the age of fishing and hunting. At this time, it was the fishing and hunting civilization.
By the way, the fishing and hunting civilization closest to us is actually the Qing Dynasty. In the late Ming Dynasty, they were still a fishing and hunting civilization...
After the end of Fuxi's era, Zhu Xiang, Yinkang and other clans inherited the advantages of Fuxi and Nuwa, that is, using blood as a tie and naming the "ethnic group" with the same surname and surname as the dominant position. This is also the "Yandi clan lineage". "The establishment of.
Starting from the time of Emperor Yan, starting from the Lieshan, or Lianshan clan, the civilization of fishing and hunting began to transform into an agricultural society. As we all know, Shennong tasted hundreds of grains and then died after eating gallbladder grass, but the valuable experience he left behind, This made the Yandi tribe unswervingly run all the way in the farming society, and even because of Shennong's request to set up street stalls, the world's first "farmer's market" was born.
Primitive commerce emerged at this time.
After Emperor Yan, there was Emperor Huang, and by Emperor Huang... This Arrow Stack Fruit user and his team not only pushed the entire social civilization forward by a big step, but also produced some of the most powerful inventions.
Huangdi himself inherited the Yandi lineage's ability to grow grains and further expanded the types of grains that could be grown. When he and Chi You were hammering each other, he imitated Chi You and forged weapons like "swords."
Ling Lun invented the five tones. It is said that he also invented the twelve rhythms during this period. However, the earliest record of the twelve rhythms appeared in the late Shang Dynasty and the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, so this statement is doubtful.
Leizu started weaving clothes with silk, and silk appeared.
After the wind, create a formation.
Qi Bo, perfected primitive medicine.
Li Shou invented basic mathematics.
The big crotch is used as a frame, and the ten heavenly stems and the twelve earthly branches are used to mark the time.
Cangjie, based on Fuxi's more than twenty original texts, further developed it and finally emerged a complete text group that could become a system, basically bidding farewell to the era of knotting ropes to record events!
Thousands of years of accumulation in previous generations ushered in an explosion in the Yellow Emperor's era.
After these three people finished speaking, they mentioned Chi You at the same time.
Chi You himself is as recorded in various documents, and his initial road map can be roughly inferred. He once worked under Huangdi, almost became Shaohao's teacher, also worked under Yandi, and later worked independently.
In modern terms, Chi You was just an ordinary employee. He then worked as department directors in two of the world's top three companies, then went out to work alone, and then founded the company from scratch, merging eighty-one companies. The small company became a multinational group, successfully ranked among the top three in the world, and swallowed up the shares of Yandi Group...
Looking at it this way, truly successful people are simply inspirational legends.
Therefore, Chi You's titles at that time were "Ling You" and "You Emperor".
There is no definite explanation as to whether the word Chi has a derogatory meaning. As for the title of Emperor, "Shuowen Jiezi" tells us that it is "True, the name of the king of the world". In the tribal period, it refers to "beyond the scope of the headquarters". Influential tribal leader.”
After Huang Di killed Chi You, he carried up Chi You's flag, so many people in the world were afraid and did not dare to cause trouble again. From this, we can see the wide influence of the word "emperor".
"Guanzi·Dishu" says that Chi You mined gold and iron in Lushan Mountain to make five soldiers. Although I don't know why a Shandong man would go to Jiangxi to mine, it can at least be seen that Chi You's influence has at least spread to the Lushan area. of.
Therefore, why the contemporaries such as the Zhenmeng clan, the ancestors of the Huns, were frightened by the Yellow Emperor and ran away was because Qixiang stole the Yellow Emperor's Mysterious Pearl. The Yellow Emperor's Mysterious Pearl is also very interesting. When he went out for the first time It was lost near Kunlun Qiu on the bank of Chishui River. A group of people searched for it for a long time before finding it again. The second time, the Yellow Emperor did not take the Xuanzhu with him anymore, so he asked Xiang Zeng, the minister who found the Xuanzhu carelessly, to find the Xuanzhu. He took it with him, but it was stolen by Qi Xiang.
After Zhen Mengshi heard that his daughter had done this, he bought an international flight north and flew away overnight.
This is roughly the situation:
Qi Xiang: "Dad, what do you think I stole?"
Zhenmeng: "Daughter, guess where I ran to?"
At the same time as the Zhenmeng clan, their leader was also called "Emperor" because of their equally high influence. However, for such a large tribe, after Huangdi defeated Chi You, it was just because his daughter stole the other party's things. He didn't even dare to fight or protect him, so he just ran away.
Qi Xiang later realized that he had caused a huge disaster and committed suicide by throwing himself into the Yangtze River.
It can be seen from this that after defeating Chi You and annexing the Yandi tribe, Huangdi has reached the elusive peak of the tribes in the world. Other tribes called "Emperors" simply do not dare to fight with him.
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After talking about the Three Emperors, let’s talk about the Five Emperors.
As mentioned above, there are also many versions of the Five Emperors, but the last three basically remain the same, namely Emperor Ku, Yao, and Shun. As for the first three, sometimes Zhuan Xu is excluded and Shaohao is added, and sometimes Shaohao was excluded from joining Huangdi, and sometimes Huangdi was excluded from joining the next two...
As for Dayu, he is usually in a state of divine concealment and is not included in the Five Emperors under normal circumstances. Only when talking about the Five Elements Emperor, Dayu will appear as the Earth Emperor.
There is another important factor why Dayu is not ranked among the Five Emperors, and that is his son Qi, who posthumously named him King of Xia.
Therefore, in the era of the Five Emperors, if we count from the Yellow Emperor to after Dayu, then in this process, those who held the position of "co-lord of the world" (not the Five Emperors) generally do not count Shaohao (because he was the leader of Dongyi Boss, everyone else is in the Central Plains).
But if you count them all, the total is as follows:
Huangdi, Shaohao, Zhuanxu, Emperor Ku, Emperor Zhi (ten years), Tang Yao, Emperor Danzhu (three years), Yu Shun, Dayu, Boyi (designated successors, but not long after he succeeded, he was Kai kill).
At the same time and parallel, there was also the famous stallion king of mountains and seas, that is, Comrade Di Kuang.
Di Kuang is not a Golden Crow, and again, Donghuang Taiyi is not a Golden Crow either.
Emperor Kuang was an ancient emperor of the human race in ancient legends. His era ranged from the early days of Emperor Yuwang to the Huangdi period. His eldest son was Emperor Hong.
Donghuang Taiyi first appeared as an "ancient immortal", whose prototype was the "Taiyi Star" in the sky. Later, as the highest god worshiped by the Chu State, he had the title of "Emperor of Heaven" and "Emperor" in Jiuge.
In the early Han Dynasty, Donghuang Taiyi still existed as the supreme god, but was gradually replaced by the "resurrected" Haotian God, because Haotian God was the official worshiped god of the Zhou Dynasty and the first of the eight gods of the Zhou Palace.
During the Qin and Han Dynasties, he was not worshiped because the kings of Qin wanted to trample him on the ground. The emperor of Zhou was not in their eyes, let alone a statue of God Haotian, who would sacrifice him.
But by the middle of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty only respected Confucianism, so the Haotian God once again appeared as the orthodoxy, and the worship of Donghuang Taiyi began to decline.
In addition to offering sacrifices to the Jiuge gods, Chu State also offered sacrifices to the Taoist ancestor Wan Xiong (Gao Yang) and the prince Changqin (Zhu Rong), as well as Feilian and Wangshu.
Huan Xiong is a descendant of Zhurong from Zhuanxu's lineage. Zhuanxu gave birth to Laotong, and Laotong gave birth to Zhurong. Prince Changqin's father should not be a Zhurong. Prince Changqin's father is the legendary Zhurong in the south, but Shanhai The geographical location in the scriptures is in the west, and these two people are the same Zhurong.
Therefore, the Chu people claimed to be descendants of Gaoyang and descendants of Zhu Rong.
Speaking of Emperor Kuang, Emperor Kuang had two wives, namely Xihe and Chang Xi. Chang Xi, also known as Chang Yi, was the moon god like Wangshu, but in Chang Xi's era, Wangshu seemed to be the female goddess of war. And existence, if you want to make a comparison, is like the relationship between Hera and Athena.
Wangshu probably does not appear in the Classic of Mountains and Seas (please correct me if so).
Xihe gave birth to ten suns, and Chang Xi gave birth to twelve moons. These are actually the countries in the Classic of Mountains and Seas.
The most famous ones are the ten suns, which are the ten that were shot down by Dayi. However, the story of Dayi is lost in the Book of Mountains and Seas, leaving only one sentence: "Emperor gave Dayi a red bow and plain arrows to support the country." .
But at the same time, other ancient books said that Yao gave Dayi bows and arrows. In the Book of Mountains and Seas, there are also legends about Zhu Rong killing Gun with a sword and Dayu being born from a broken belly. These cannot be consistent with other records, just like What I said is that in Yushan, after Gun died, the child Zhu Rong saw, according to the time, should be Dayu's younger brother Yanrong, not Dayu.
Therefore, such individual stories can be viewed as myths alone.
Emperor Kuang's ten sons in the Classic of Mountains and Seas are the leaders of ten tribes, and they are also ten tribes or "states".
Right now:
Emperor Hong has three bodies, black teeth, medium face, and short ears.
Ji Li, Yu Hao, Ji Qi (Hou Ji), Yan Long, Tai Xi.
Attached:
All three bodies produce righteousness.
Emperor Hong gave birth to Emperor Jiang and Bai Min.
Taixi gave birth to Shujun.
Yan Long played the harp, and gave birth to "Si You". Those who have played the ancient sword story should know this person.
Yu Hao gave birth to Yin Liang, Yin Liang gave birth to Panyu, and Panyu made boats.
The descendant of Panyu is Xi Zhong, and Xi Zhong belongs to the Xue tribe. The Xue tribe lives near the river basin, so we can know that the name of Yu is "Xue".
People of the Emperor's line held various positions in the Central Plains.
By the way, Emperor Shun also had many children, which are recorded in the Classic of Mountains and Seas. One of the more famous ones, apart from the well-known position of Shang Jun, was "Xi". Emperor Shun gave birth to drama, and drama inspired the people.
People's names can reflect some situations. The birth of ancient opera should be during the period of Emperor Shun.
Shun's period is the period that the characters in the book have to face after they grow up. This period gave birth to the peak pottery craftsmanship and the prototype of primitive industry, whether it was ancient opera, criminal law, coffins, tiles, or the establishment of the first month of the year. , or the emergence of primitive plows, including centralization of power, the primitive "tianxia" ideology, basically many things that can be seen later that are beneficial to social development were perfected and appeared during the period of Emperor Shun.
Therefore, some people later said that the beginning of civilization began with Emperor Shun.
After talking about the Five Emperors, let’s briefly talk about the Shang and Zhou dynasties and Confucianism.
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Let’s focus on the matter of the Emperor and the Human Emperor.
Many people say that King Zhou was the last human emperor, and that King Zhou was the son of Heaven...
I don’t want to bring anything personal, but there are some things I have to say.
The Shang Dynasty was an era where ghosts and gods were the most important, and human sacrifice was commonplace. After his wife died, Wu Ding even sacrificed her to several of his fathers and grandfathers to become ghost wives. He even thought that this was not only good for himself, but also for his wife. Treating a woman well is a supreme honor, which is absolutely unreasonable in modern times.
In the Shang Dynasty, folk sacrifices and divination by ghosts and gods were prevalent. Blood sacrifices that had been suppressed during the Zhuanxu period were revived. The rule of the Three Dynasties came to nothing. In the late Shang Dynasty, the trend of ghosts and gods became more and more intense, and the rights of wizards could even affect the king of Shang. The external title of King Shang was not "Human Emperor" but "Emperor" or King.
In the late Shang Dynasty, emperor was the title of the dead king, while the living one was the "King of Shang". This was a change that occurred after the capital was moved to Yin.
During the period of King Zhou, because of the need to seize the right to sacrifice, King Zhou demanded the abolition of ghost sacrifices and human sacrifice, and even the liberation of slaves. This offended many wizards and ancient aristocrats, thus uniting the Zhou Dynasty in the West, and the Zhou rebellion , which does not mean that those who were deceived, King Zhou still has to take the blame for this.
King Zhou was indeed a wise man when he was young. "Historical Records of Yin Benji" records: Emperor Xin "quickly argued, heard and saw very quickly; had extraordinary physical strength, and was able to handle fierce beasts; he knew enough to refuse advice, and his words were enough to decorate him." "No, ministers are proud of others with their abilities, and their voices are high in the world, thinking that they are all inferior to themselves."
Emperor Xin used Fei Zhong to govern internally, encouraged mulberry farming, and promoted cattle farming and irrigation and drainage; he eliminated dissidents within the royal family and weakened the power of the nobility; but externally, he continued to expand his territory and sent troops to fight against the southeastern Yi tribe. At one time, the territory was expanded to the Jianghuai area, all the way to the Bohai Sea and the East China Sea.
In the Shang generation, the concept of Tianxia was expanded below the Huaihe River and up to the Yangtze River. Among the nine tribes of Dongyi, the king of Xuyi (a native of Xuzhou) was beaten by King Zhou and forced himself to surrender on his hands and knees, and this Xuyi later also participated After the "Three Prisons Rebellion" in the early Zhou Dynasty.
The problem came after that. After the Su Kingdom was conquered and Dongyi surrendered, King Zhou fell in love with the famous beauty Su Daji, or "Su Ji". King Zhou also had a special hobby, which was "Su Ji". Multiplayer sports”…..
The problem broke out here. He appointed Ji Chang, Jiuhou, and Ehou as the "Three Dukes" a few years ago. However, because Jiuhou's daughter didn't like multi-person sports and even scolded King Zhou, King Zhou killed her. By the way, Jiuhou was also imprisoned, and Ehou went to fish for people, but he was also made into beef jerky. Ji Chang was frightened to death, and secretly prepared to run away. However, he was targeted by Chonghou Hu, who coveted the position of the three princes, and reported him. Later, Ji Chang was also arrested and imprisoned.
Then the person who went to save Ji Chang was not his son Boyikao. There is a saying that this Boyikao had been deposed by Ji Chang as the crown prince and was playing soy sauce. The person who went to save Ji Chang was his minister "Hong". Yao", the routine was naturally the same. King Zhou was obsessed with Daji at that time, so he let Ji Chang go.
What follows is a matter of quietly accumulating strength to rebel.
But the title of "Emperor" in the Zhou Dynasty actually had another title: "Heavenly King"! During the time of King Xuan of Zhou Dynasty, this title was made public, which meant that the Shang Dynasty was the king of the world, and the Zhou Dynasty would even have the heavens prostrate under its feet!
In the early days, he was called the Son of Heaven because he claimed to be ordered by Heaven. After all, he cooperated with those wizards at the beginning. However, the Zhou Dynasty was very powerful. After using these wizards, they kicked them away.
Did King Wu of Zhou Ji Fa believe in ghosts and gods?
Just kidding, when he was crossing the river, he scolded "Yang Hou", and Jiang Ziya deceived him so much that his blood boiled.
Yanghou is one of the six auxiliary gods during the Fuxi period and belongs to the "God of Waves" in the Yellow River Basin!
When King Wu of Zhou was conquering Zhou, he crossed Mengjin and suddenly the water surged. People said that Marquis Yang was scolding the Zhou army, but King Wu of Zhou directly scolded him. It is recorded in "Warring States Policy·Han Ce". The general meaning is Simple translation: "I am your father, get out of here."
Before King Wu conquered Zhou, Jiang Ziya performed divination. At that time, Ji Fa was not a spiritual young man, and he was still a bit superstitious about ghosts and gods. As a result, he was somewhat discouraged when the divination showed bad luck several times. As a result, Jiang Ziya crushed the turtle shell with his foot and said, "This How can you know the destiny of a rotten rag, a rotten tortoise shell and rotten grass?" ["The rotten bones of a tortoise shell and the withered leaves of yarrow, how can you tell the difference between good and bad?"]
Then Ji Fa set off with Jiang Ziya. On the road, the car broke into three pieces, and the cows and horses were killed by the thunder. Then it rained heavily for three days in a row. Everyone thought it was evil, and everyone felt that this thing could not be done.
Finally, Jiang Ziya said: "The chariot broke into pieces, which indicates that we will divide our troops into three groups. The horse was shocked to death. This is because God wants the king to replace the horse with a good one. The reason why it rained for three days is because God asked us to rest for three days and then hurry up." On our way."
Right! You're already here, why don't you just hit the road and leave?
King Wu also felt that this was the truth, and the New Year celebrations were here...
Then King Zhou rushed to the street.
Therefore, the Zhou Dynasty actually did not believe in the sacrifices of ghosts and gods. Starting from Jiang Ziya, he used the "skin of ghosts and gods" to perform humane things. On the contrary, the spirit of ghosts and gods in the Shang Dynasty was extremely strong.
Later, Confucius said, "The Master doesn't talk about strange powers and confuse the gods." This means that I don't even know if there are ghosts or gods.
Mozi created a ghost from heaven, which was actually to scare the kings. It meant that if you didn't follow the righteousness, the ghost from heaven would bring bad luck to you. As a result, none of the kings believed it, and Mozi later stopped mentioning heaven. Ghost.
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Then we get to Mencius, where the issue of Confucian black bragging is finally mentioned.
Among Confucianists, the greatest influence on Yao and Shun was Mencius, and the greatest influence on Yao and Shun was Mencius's disciple Wan Zhang. However, there is one thing that needs to be corrected in the bamboo chronology.
There are two books of "Bamboo Book Annals", one is an ancient version and the other is a modern version.
Ancient bamboo books record the years, and there is no saying that Yao killed Emperor Zhi, Shun imprisoned Yao, released Danzhu, Yu forced Shun, and Liu Cangwu.
The later bamboo chronicles were restored by the ancients from various historical documents from the Western Jin Dynasty to the Yuan and Ming dynasties.
It is very likely that a large number of documents from the Legalist Han Feizi were quoted here. Han Feizi said, "Shun imprisoned Yao, Yu forced Shun, Tang defeated Jie, and King Wu defeated Zhou. Of these four, the ministers killed their kings"!
Han Feizi's literature heavily criticized the ancient abdication system. This is because the main political move of Legalism is to "fascist the king of the present", while Confucianism is to "fascist the king of the past".
Therefore, as the opposing school of Legalism, whatever Confucianism you brag about, I, the Legalism, will of course criticize.
During the Warring States Period, the doctrines of various schools of thought, first of all, must have served based on political factors. The central idea was to use their doctrines in order to be valued by the king.
The difference between Mencius and Wan Zhang comes from this. Mencius is that kind of idealist, so he has never been reused in his life. He stayed under King Hui of Liang for a period of time, but he also left because King Hui of Liang only pursued interests. , Mencius was very disappointed.
As for the man Wan Zhang, in "Mencius·Wan Zhang", he recorded the questions he had with Mencius. He asked Mencius, who said that Shun was virtuous and Yao was virtuous? Emperor Shun Cheng exiled his younger brother Xiang?
Wan Zhang was loved by Mencius, but he also asked Mencius many deviant questions. He and Gongsun Chou wrote the book "Mencius" together, but from a linguistic point of view, in "Gongsun Chou" and "Wan Zhang" two chapters Among them, it can be seen that Wan Zhang's thoughts are actually similar to Zi Si's.
He did not necessarily adhere to the so-called "sage king theory" of Confucianism, so he lashed out at Yao, Shun, Yu, and Tang. It can be considered that Han Feizi, as a student of Xunzi, probably absorbed part of Wan Zhang's theoretical thoughts, because he was very concerned about Yao, Shun, and Yu. The earliest and most intense question raised by Tang was raised by Wan Zhang. In that era when Confucianism was weak but had not yet completely fallen on the ground, this kind of question was obviously treasonous.
The era of Mencius was similar to that of Mozi and Yang Zhu. In the early Warring States period, when "the world did not return to Yang, it would return to Mohism." Mencius's traditional Confucianism was obviously in danger. If some changes were not made, it would definitely be doomed.
There are Mozi and Yang Zhu in the front, Shang Yang and Zhang Yi in the back. Be careful and don’t do harm!
The Mohists, Taoists, Legalists, Politicians, and other four schools were encircling and suppressing the Confucians. The soil for Confucianism to survive was becoming less and less.
And his apprentice, Wan Zhang, is obviously the best medicine to cure Confucianism.
It’s not that Confucians like backstabbing, but in certain eras, some changes must be made. In the late Spring and Autumn Period, there was Zixia, and in the Warring States Period, there was Xunzi. They were both reformists in Confucianism, and they were very successful. Zixia's students included Li Kui, Wu Qi, Wei Wenhou and other big figures in the Spring and Autumn Period. Xunzi's students included Li Si, Han Fei, Zhang Cang...
The students are right, but there are no students of their own Confucian school. On the one hand, it can be seen that although Confucianism is the teacher of hundreds of schools of thought, its own survival soil was indeed almost gone at that period.
Confucius opened a private school to teach, breaking the education monopoly of the old aristocrats. After seeing no hope of containment, countless sects of doctrine sprung up like mushrooms after a spring rain. Therefore, Confucius is a groundbreaking figure, but it does not represent his descendants. Every store is as good as it gets.
What belongs to the saints belongs to the saints, and what belongs to future generations belongs to future generations. The reason why Confucius, Mencius and others wandered around for most of their lives, famous but not used by kings, is precisely because they insisted on the morality in their hearts and fantasized about having a king to realize the "Great Harmony Society" they talked about.
The earliest concept of "Great Harmony Society" was proposed by Confucius.
[The conduct of the Tao is that the world is for the common good, selecting the worthy and capable, advocating trust and cultivating harmony. Therefore, people do not only care for their relatives, nor do they only have children for their children, so that the old will have their end, the strong will be useful, the young will grow, and the humble, widowed, lonely, alone, disabled and sick will all be supported. Men have their share, and women have their home. If the goods are disgusted and thrown to the ground, there is no need to hide them in oneself; if the power is disgusted and they do not come from the body, there is no need to hide them for oneself. This is why people seek to be closed but not prosperous, to steal and commit robberies but not to commit robberies, and why people outside are not closed to the outside world. This is called Datong. 】
It means that people can support themselves, disabled people can be supported by the state, people in the prime of life can find their own jobs, the elderly can live a long life, children can grow up with peace of mind, and the leaders of the country must be selective and capable, and must be trustworthy and harmonious. , people will not only be close to their own relatives, but will be tolerant to others, so evil people will not cause trouble, thieves will not dare to come out, people will not pick up things on the road, and houses will not be closed at night. This is the society of Datong.
Doesn’t it look like China in the 1970s?
He is an extremely contradictory person. He is 1.9 meters tall and strong enough to carry city gates. However, he refuses to be famous for his strength and prefers to teach and educate people. He has indeed made achievements, but people in the world laugh at him. His ideals are foolish.
On the one hand, Confucius wanted to break the old aristocratic education monopoly, and on the other hand, he tried his best to protect Zhou Li's face. He was like a wall-pasting craftsman in the late Spring and Autumn Period. He knew that the house was going to collapse, but he still hoped that it could last longer. a while.
So Confucius met Lao Dan four times. He thought that only Lao Dan could guide him. When he was a child, he met Lao Dan for the first time. Lao Dan took Confucius to mourn others. This is what Confucius himself said when Zengzi asked Confucius. At that time, he and Lao Dan also ate the lunch boxes given by others.
"Book of Rites": "In the past, I helped Lao Dan to be buried in Xiangdang, and Tuheng, there was food every day."
Laozi's thoughts ran through Confucius's life. After leaving Hangu in the west, although there was an incident where Qin Shi mourned Lao Dan, it seems that Confucius never saw Lao Dan again.
Confucianism is based on political opinions. There is a fundamental difference between the Confucianism of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Confucianism of later generations. To be precise, the Confucianism of later generations should be called "Confucianism."
When a person is promoted to the position of god, these believers will often do random things in his name.
————
“If Confucius, Sakyamuni, and Jesus Christ were still alive, those believers would inevitably panic. I really don’t know how the leader would lament their actions.
Therefore, if or, we have to persecute him.
By the time a great man becomes a fossil and people call him a great man, he has become a puppet. "
——Lu Xun's "Sequel to the Huagai Collection"
So, about the names and sorting out of the characters in the book, I will post it in the work-related article tomorrow evening.
As for the update, it will be a little later.
