Later, Ye Feng demonstrated to the four girls how to germinate rice seeds. After all, these girls will teach the hired people later.
Here, Wanqiu, Wanru and Wanxiu were all born into farmers, so they are no strangers to rice seed germination and have even practiced it themselves. But Wan Ning was a little confused. After all, she was born in a merchant family.
This is why, after Ye Feng found Wan Ning, he still needed to find Wan Ning, with Wan Qiu and the three of them as helpers. No one in this world is omnipotent or perfect. We don’t need to pursue having no flaws at all. As long as someone can make up for our shortcomings, that’s it. So that you can save your energy to do what you are good at
While Ye Feng was operating, he explained to the four little girls the difference between conventional rice and hybrid rice germination.
Generally, the basic steps for germination of rice seeds are high-temperature blasting, moisturizing, and low-temperature germination. These three links are also the key to good budding.
Conventional rice seeds need to be sun-dried for 2 to 3 days before soaking to improve the germination potential and germination rate of the seeds. Then use clean water or salt water to select healthy and plump rice seeds. Chemicals should be used to disinfect the seeds and then soaked. Germination can occur when the seeds absorb 30% of the dry weight of the seeds.
Soaking of rice seeds in running water is recommended. If it is really necessary to soak seeds in still water, the seeds should be soaked or the water should be changed at least twice a day. Generally, early rice needs to be soaked for more than 48 hours, and mid- and late rice need to be soaked for more than 36 hours.
Of course, when Ye Feng talked to the four girls, he naturally converted it into concepts that they could understand. For example, 48 hours is two days and two nights, etc.
After soaking the seeds for germination, the main control is high temperature (35 to 38 degrees Celsius), appropriate temperature (25 to 30 degrees Celsius) for bud growth, and normal temperature for drying and budding.
. . .
In order to explain what degrees Celsius is, Ye Feng took out the thermometer he brought from this world. This thing made the three girls Wan Qiu, Wan Ru and Wan Xiu covet it. In the end, Ye Feng gave them each one before they were willing to be honest. Wan Ning naturally wanted it too. After all, it was a new thing, and the curious stars almost jumped out of her eyes, but she was too embarrassed to ask for it. But Ye Feng still gave one to Wan Ning. This made her very happy
Ye Feng thought: It's just a worthless thermometer. Is it worth being so happy?
. . .
During the process of germination, the temperature and moisture of the grain seeds are adjusted by pouring warm water and covering them tightly, and the temperature and humidity of the grain piles are uniformed inside and outside, up and down by turning the piles, so that the buds and roots grow in the same direction.
The standard for qualified germination is: the buds are half a grain long and the roots are one grain long.
However, Ye Feng also pointed out the differences between the two types of rice and some important points to pay attention to.
The first point is to dry the seeds. One week before conventional rice seed soaking, choose a sunny day to dry the seeds for 6 to 8 hours. Then place the sun-dried seeds in a dry and cool place to cool them thoroughly to promote the respiration of the seeds and the activity of enzymes. It is beneficial to improve the germination rate and germination potential of seeds; drying the seeds can also kill some pathogens attached to the rice husk. However, do not dry the hybrid rice seeds in your hands before soaking them. After drying and then soaking the seeds, the germination rate will generally be reduced by 5% to 10%. For those seeds with weak viability, drying the seeds will have a greater negative impact.
The second point is seed selection. Generally, it is required to use clear water to select seeds, fish out the grains floating on the surface, and select plump rice seeds to cultivate neat and strong seedlings.
The third point is to soak seeds. For hybrid early rice, it is better to use the method of frequent ups and downs, intermittent seed soaking, and avoid continuous seed soaking for a long time.
It is recommended to soak seeds in running water. The soaking time should not be too long. It is best to use the method of "soaking in the day and dew at night", that is, soaking the seeds during the day and taking them out at night. When soaking the seeds, it is best to soak the seeds in flowing water for 6 hours. If there is no If the water is flowing, the water should be changed every 4 to 6 hours. The old method of directly soaking seeds for 48 hours should be eliminated.
When the chaff is transparent and the white belly of the rice grains is visible, and the rice grains break easily without making a sound after peeling off the chaff, and can be crushed by hand, it means that the seeds have absorbed enough water.
The process of rice seed soaking is the water absorption process of the seeds. After the seeds absorb water, the activity of seed enzymes begins to increase. Under the action of enzyme activity, the endosperm starch gradually dissolves into sugar, releasing the nutrients needed for the radicle, embryo and hypocotyl.
When the rice seed absorbs water and reaches 24% of the grain weight, the embryo begins to germinate, which is called breast cracking or whitening. When the water absorption of the seeds reaches 40% of the grain weight, the seeds can germinate normally. The water absorption at this time is the saturated water absorption capacity of the seeds.
The time to achieve this water absorption is affected by the temperature of the soaking water on the one hand. Within a certain temperature range, the higher the temperature, the faster the seeds absorb water, and the shorter the time to reach saturated water absorption. On the other hand, it is affected by rice varieties and combination types. Since hybrid rice has stronger enzyme activity after absorbing water, the soaking time of hybrid rice seeds is shorter than that of conventional rice seeds.
The fourth point is to advocate chemical seed soaking. Ye Feng recommends soaking seeds with chemicals, except for coated seeds. After soaking the seeds in clean water for 6 hours, the spores of the pathogen attached to the seeds are allowed to germinate, and then sterilized with chemicals. Then rinse the rice seeds repeatedly with clean water to remove the residual liquid. As for the potion, it was naturally provided by Ye Feng. This might be a way to do it.
The fifth point is germination. The traditional method is to put the seeds in woven bags for germination. Even if the temperature does not rise, the seeds will be exposed to the sun, which often causes the buds to burn.
The best and easiest method is to use double-layered, disease-free, moist gunny bags to induce germination, place a layer of disease-free straw on the ground, lay out one gunny bag, spread the seeds evenly on top, and then cover the other gunny bag on top. Just pay a little attention to whether to add water. You can also put it into a sack or a relatively breathable woven bag, and seal it with straw to keep it warm.
After the grain seeds are heated up, the temperature should be controlled at 35 to 38°C. If the temperature is too high, the pile should be turned; if the temperature is too low, measures should be taken to increase the temperature of the seed pile. After about 20 hours, the grain seeds will be white and broken. If the temperature is normal, use the method of day soaking and night dew, without adding insulation materials, and the seeds will germinate normally.
During germination, the seeds should be turned over 1 to 2 times a day to ensure uniform temperature inside and outside the seeds and achieve neat germination. When accelerating germination, you must pay attention to temperature changes to prevent high-temperature seed burning. Seeds above 40°C will lose their ability to germinate.
The sixth point is to refine the sprouts. Before sowing, the sprouted grain seeds should be spread out and allowed to germinate at room temperature for 3 to 6 hours before sowing. Adapt the cereal seeds to the air temperature and increase the seedling rate. When 85% of the seeds are broken, lower the temperature to 25°C, control the length of the buds and roots within 2 mm, and spread the seeds to dry. After the chest is broken, replenish water appropriately and pay attention to ventilation and oxygenation, so that strong and good buds can be produced.
The seventh point is to sow seeds at the right time. After the grain seeds turn white, adjust the temperature to 25~30°C. The appropriate temperature will accelerate germination and promote roots. When the buds are half a grain long and the roots are 1 grain long, they can be sown and put into the fields.
It is necessary to formulate a reasonable production plan, germinate and sow seeds in batches at the right time, and control the seedling age to 3.5 leaf years to prevent small seedlings from being planted in the early stage and large seedlings in the later stage.
