Qiao Ze still plans to publish his paper in the "Annals of Mathematics".
During this period, with the release of two consecutive papers, Qiao Ze received invitations from editors-in-chief of many journals and magazines, all of which are the world's top mathematics journals.
For example, the other three "four major mathematics journals" that are highly regarded in China have recently sent emails to Qiao Ze.
There must be a reason for this because of what Daniel posted on Facebook, but the more important reason is that Qiao Ze has been in the limelight recently.
A mathematician like Qiao Ze who writes highly effective papers is quite explosive even in the world. Not to mention the quality of Qiao Ze’s paper.
But for Qiao Ze, the editorial board of the "Annals of Mathematics" recommended by Li Jiangao has already demonstrated its extremely professional academic qualities, and he is too lazy to readjust to the editorial style of other journals.
There are many truths in this world. People in different positions can only see the part they want to see. Qiao Ze knows this very well, so he is too lazy to explore whether there are more possibilities in these trivial issues. .
Not to mention that he had a good impression of Lot Dugan, editor-in-chief of the Annals of Mathematics.
If the "Annals of Mathematics" changes its editor-in-chief in the future, or changes its style and becomes no longer friendly, he will just find another journal. If all journals start to become less friendly in the future, he may be able to start a journal of his own.
After all, if we really want the School of Mathematics at Xilin University of Technology to be comparable to Princeton, it is necessary to have an academic journal of our own with strong international credibility. Just like China also has a southern core and a northern core.
Of course, Qiao Ze hasn't considered this yet.
When it's time to raise your head and become the enemy of the whole world, there is no need to consider these things.
Again, I wrote this paper just because I had a lot of free time in the past two days. I happened to discuss this issue with several professors, so I just wrote it.
You can't do nothing like Dean Xu, otherwise you will be useless.
…
United States, Princeton.
Qiao Ze completed the manuscript submission through the "Annals of Mathematics" submission system at around 8:20 pm, Beijing time, China. At this time, Lot Dugan had just walked into his office.
Although he could have come at nine o'clock or even later, people are old and don't need that much sleep. And Lot Dugan is busy, really busy.
After all, Princeton is a private university and does not have that many intellectuals. Although he holds the title of dean, Lot Dugan rarely spends his energy on administrative work such as college construction.
He still has to lead his team to do research, and he is also the editor-in-chief of the "Annals of Mathematics". This makes Lot Dugan always feel that there are endless things to do every day. Fortunately, they are all things he likes to do. .
Today is Wednesday, so Lot Dugan did not pay attention to the submissions in the "Annals of Mathematics" first, but started reading the weekly research report sent to him by his research team yesterday.
In fact, it was purely a coincidence that Joze's first paper was first noticed by Lot Dugan.
Only two days a week does the editor-in-chief open the submission system of the Annals of Mathematics to see if there are any papers worthy of his attention. Most of the time, other editors at the magazine screen them first and then aggregate them to him.
As Lot Dugan told Joe Ze, he began to receive funding from NASA five years ago and began to study the n-body problem.
Many ordinary people's understanding of n-body problems began with "The Three-Body Problem" written by a well-known Chinese science fiction electrician.
In Li's words, the three-body system is a chaotic system with no solution.
But in fact, with the efforts of mathematicians, the three-body problem has been solved many times. Moreover, it is not objective to say that the three-body problem has no solution at all. An accurate description should be that in most cases, the three-body problem cannot be solved analytically.
These are also the basis for mathematicians to solve n-body problems. And it is also a problem worth studying, because most situations in the universe are many-body problems where n is much larger than three.
Such as the solar system.
The solar system is a standard n-body motion problem.
Eight planets move around the sun, and countless satellites move around the planets, which together form this galaxy that breeds earth civilization.
More importantly, even though everyone knows that this is a complex n-body problem, scientists have been able to calculate the orbits of the eight major planets, and can roughly predict the possible position of a certain planet in a certain period of time in the future, and can even predict to some astronomical phenomena. Such as a solar eclipse.
This is because although the analytical solution of n-body motion cannot be obtained mathematically at present, approximate solutions can already be calculated. Even in some special cases, stable periodic solutions can be calculated.
So the problem now is that humans are still unable to predict the changes in the solar system after a very long time. For example, no one can calculate the position of each planet in the solar system at a certain time point 10,000 years from now. Through approximate solution calculation, the longer the time, the greater the error.
More importantly, humans have so far not even been able to mathematically prove that chaotic n-body systems like the solar system are stable. In other words, according to existing mathematical theory, such a system may collapse at any time, and the excess planets will be thrown out, eventually reducing to the simplest and most stable two-body system.
However, the paradox is that the solar system has existed stably for 4.5 billion years.
It is said that this is one of the reasons why Newton gradually began to believe in theology in his later years.
After discovering this problem, Newton suspected that it was precisely because of the existence of God that the solar system did not collapse. Whenever the chaotic system of the solar system tends to collapse, God will take action and push the planets into stable orbits, thereby ensuring the continuation of human civilization.
So what this big man who proposed a series of laws of motion and calculus wanted to do in his later years was to calculate the time when the n-body system of the solar system should have collapsed, and use this to prove the existence of God.
This is probably the truth when people joke that the end of science is theology.
Obviously Newton did not succeed, but many people in later generations continued to explore along the ideas left by Newton to find accurate analytical solutions to the n-body problem, and many discoveries were made. For example, among the five Lagrangian points that everyone is familiar with, Euler discovered three and Lagrangian discovered two.
With the invention of computers, scientists have discovered hundreds of thousands of three-body systems with stable periodic solutions. The only problem is that these found systems are rarely found in the universe.
This is the challenge Lot Dugan is taking on. On the basis of previous research, we solve the three-body problem and overthrow the n-body problem.
Throwing away the physics and converting it into mathematical language expression is to find a simpler way to accurately calculate the solution to the eighteenth-order differential equation.
As long as this step can be done, after bringing in variables such as the starting position, speed and mass of the star, the position of the star at any time can be calculated, and a more accurate orbit of the star can be drawn to determine the galaxy system. Can it operate stably?
Lot Dugan spent a lot of energy and time on this, and achieved many results.
For example, the year before last, his team had provided NASA with a chaotic system convergence trajectory model. Using this model to accurately simulate some n-body periodic orbits, it has been observed by astronomical telescopes that they actually exist in the universe.
This is why NASA continues to provide money to support his research.
But as the research deepened in the past two years, Lot Dugan became more and more aware of the difficulty of this proposition.
It is really difficult to go further. In a sense, the unreasonableness of mathematics also stems from this.
Especially when it comes to calculations of complex equations.
Lot Dugan already had a hunch that he might not be able to truly solve this problem in his lifetime. Unless a miracle happens.
This is also the reason why Lot Dugan has always coveted Qiao Ze. In his opinion, the child Qiao Ze is a miracle.
He has seen many geniuses in his life. But Qiao Ze is currently the only one who can achieve so many achievements under the age of twenty. Especially after communicating with Qiao Ze through video, this judgment was confirmed.
Youth means infinite possibilities. If we can bring this miracle to Princeton and get him interested in the n-body problem, maybe he will be able to see this problem that troubled Newton for the rest of his life be solved in his lifetime.
In a sense, he also mathematically proved whether God really exists, or whether he ever really existed.
It's a pity that the child's thoughts are completely unpredictable.
But Lot Dugan didn't think about any of this when reading the weekly newspaper.
This is a very serious matter. If he finds any flaws, he can call the students and researchers in the research team and give them an angry rebuke. Give these people a little motivation to work hard.
Lot Dugan's temper was not good to begin with.
After communicating with Qiao Ze for a while, his temper became even worse.
Now I have periodically seen those students in my research group who are not pleased with me.
This led him to even start looking for lax places in weekly reports. For a well-known mathematician, even if he loses his temper, there must be a relatively rigorous reason. You can't act like a psycho and get angry out of nowhere for no apparent reason.
In this way, time passed quickly as Lot Dugan read the weekly newspaper, until his office was pushed directly away.
"boom……"
"Editor Dugan..." Freya Rosa rushed in. After taking a few steps, she noticed that the always kind editor-in-chief raised his head and stared at her through the lenses, obviously interested in her sudden intrusion. Very dissatisfied with entry's behavior.
"God, am I really in Princeton? Even my favorite editor no longer cares about basic courtesy. And where the hell is Ronnie?" the little old man said quickly.
"Uh... I'm sorry, Editor Dugan, but I think you definitely don't want to miss seeing this paper for the first time. Qiao Ze's..." Freya Rosa said quickly.
"Qiao Ze? He submitted his paper again? Then what are you waiting for? Wait... Why are you so excited about Qiao Ze's paper? You don't even forward it to me directly, but come to me after printing it? Let me guess first. Guess...this kid's new paper solves an important problem?"
Lot Dugan seemed to have forgotten his anger just now, blinked his little eyes full of wisdom, and said.
Freya Rosa stood there and nodded quickly, really like a chicken pecking at rice.
Lot Dugan suddenly laughed and said: "Let me guess again, is it because you are so excited about his paper..."
At this point, Lot Dugan's smile suddenly faded, his expression began to become more serious, and he even tightened his brows. The vertical and horizontal grooves on his forehead gradually deepened a lot. He paused for a long time before continuing: "God , don’t tell me that his paper solved the existence problem of Yang-Mills theory!”
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"Ahem... Chief Editor Dugan, can you guess this?" Freya Rosa looked shocked, and it didn't look like she was pretending.
Lot Dugan shook his eyebrows subconsciously and ignored the words. He just waved seriously. After receiving the signal, Freya Rosa immediately stepped forward and took the thick stack of printed papers in her hand. Into the hands of Lot Dugan.
Lot Dugan glanced at the title of the paper expressionlessly.
Good guy...it's true!
In fact, it was not difficult for him to guess.
Qiao Ze's three papers are in the same vein.
Since the last paper, Lot Dugan has realized that Joze's goal is to prove the existence of the mass gap. But before that, we must first determine the existence of a solution to the Yang-Mills equation.
Coupled with the fact that Freya Rosa, who had always been emotionally stable, was suddenly so excited that she even broke into his office directly, it was enough to explain a lot of problems.
However, the printed paper did not have the author’s name. This was not an oversight, but that Freya Rosa did not know whether double-blind review was required. Moreover, she has already reported the fact that the author is Qiao Ze.
After briefly glancing at the abstract of the paper, Lot Dugan looked up at Freya Rosa and asked, "Have you read this paper?"
Freya Rosa shook her head and said equally seriously: "I just sent it over after briefly reading the title and abstract. I think you are more suitable than me to find a suitable reviewer for this paper."
"Oh, then the author is the same as the last paper, only Qiao Ze?" Lott Dugan asked.
"Yes, Editor Dugan, he is the only one." Freya Rosa responded quickly.
Lot Dugan nodded, then lowered his head and began to flip through Joe Ze's papers.
The weekly report about the project team has been pushed to the other side by him.
Looking at the exaggerated title again, Lot Dugan pursed his lips, then took a deep breath and focused his attention on the text of the paper.
Next to her, when Lot Dugan focused on his paper, Freya Rosa quietly sat down opposite Lot Dugan's huge desk, hiding her body under the stack of books. rear.
Through the gaps between these books, he observed the changes in the expression of the bad-tempered old man opposite.
She didn't leave because she felt that the editor-in-chief would have something to do with her later.
And she might be able to tell something from the change in Lot Dugan's expression.
Although it is impossible for even this knowledgeable man to judge whether the argument of this paper is correct in a short period of time, he can at least see whether there are major loopholes in the logic of this paper.
If not...
Well, if this paper can really stand the test, this is probably the most important mathematical result after the millennium, right? Even surpassed Poincarai's conjecture.
The meanings of the two are completely different.
The professors at the School of Physics who study the microscopic world will probably be very excited.
Because this mathematical framework is exactly what they have been looking forward to for more than half a century.
The only thing she didn't know how to describe was that the author of this paper was too young. Similarly, the author of this paper is as concise as the previous one. There is only one corresponding author and the first author, and the two names are exactly the same.
Freya Rosa didn't even know how the young man from China did this.
Because generally, papers submitted by Huaxia will be followed by a long list of names.
It is extremely rare to find a paper with such a concise author column.
Independent research results!
Nineteen-year-old young man!
Did Newton appear in China today?
In fact, the reason why there is only one named Qiao Ze is very simple, it’s just quick.
Before anyone could react, Qiao Ze had already finished writing the paper and submitted it directly. Naturally there won't be so many messy things.
In fact, the Chinese mathematics community is still studying his last paper...
In short, the little editor's mind was as confused as paste, and he did not notice that time was passing quickly. Lott Dugan opposite had also flipped to the third page, and his originally serious face became even more serious. I even subconsciously picked up the pen and started taking notes on the paper, and occasionally muttered to myself.
Until half of his body came in through the unclosed office door.
"Dean Dugan..."
Probably seeing Freya Rosa turning her head, the secretary paused.
Lot Dugan also raised his head and glanced blankly at the secretary standing at the door. The next moment, his eyes gradually became clear.
"Ronnie... forget it, I have to go to the institute and I may not be back today. Please cancel all my arrangements for today." Lott Dugan explained.
"Ah?" The secretary was stunned for a moment. He didn't expect the dean to suddenly say such a sentence. After a moment, he said in a rather embarrassed tone: "Is the matter important? Today..."
"Yes, it is very important, more important than anything else! Stop talking and do as I say. If anyone has any objections, you can ask him to come to the institute to find me. Then he will definitely understand what the anger of a mathematician is. !”
Lot Dugan said calmly, then put down the paper in his hand, stood up, walked to a shelf not far away, and started to put on his coat.
Only then did he notice Freya Rosa sitting across from the desk, and asked in surprise: "Why haven't you left yet?"
Freya Rosa explained: "Ah... I thought you would arrange something for me after briefly reading the paper."
"Oh, no, I need to go in person this time. I want to see the expressions of those people with my own eyes. But you did a good job, Freya, and that's why I always admire you. You always know something. More important. Unlike this kid Ronnie..."
Lot Dugan commented while he was getting dressed.
The secretary standing by the door rolled his eyes helplessly.
Well, this old man has become increasingly difficult to maintain recently.
But Lot Dugan didn't pay attention to this. After putting on his coat, he picked up the printed paper on the table and said, "Did you only print one copy?"
"No, I printed three copies, and I was planning to..."
"Okay, give it to me."
Lot Dugan interrupted Freya Rosa and took a thick document bag from her hand. Then he nodded with satisfaction and said: "What did I just say? You are a considerate and smart person. Freya. Ronny, you have to learn from Freya. Okay, I'm leaving. Goodbye, my two friends."
With that said, Lot Dugan took the document bag and walked out of the office with a brisk pace that was not suitable for his age, leaving the two of them looking at each other.
"Freya, don't you think the dean is strange today? What happened?" the secretary asked with a confused look on his face.
"Maybe he hasn't been this excited for a long time, so he no longer knows how to express his excitement normally." Freya Rosa shrugged and gave a very playful answer.
At any other time, she would not have dared to tease the editor-in-chief like this.
But she felt that she could tease her moderately today, and Lot Dugan wouldn't care too much.
"Um...well, even so, there must be a reason. So...what happened?" Ronnie spread his hands and said helplessly: "You know, there is an open class by the dean today, a week in advance. The arrangement was suddenly cancelled... Oh my God, I have to give everyone a reason."
Freya Rosa suddenly felt sympathy for the dean's secretary.
It is indeed troublesome to have a willful leader.
Fortunately, she didn't need to think about these issues.
"Well, if I were you, I would go to another professor in the name of the dean to take over temporarily. It's just a public class. I believe you don't want to experience the anger of a mathematician, right?"
"Reason, please, Freya, please give me a reason!" Ronnie said helplessly.
Freya took a deep breath and said: "Proof of the existence of the Yang-Mills equation. What is the reason for this? Dear Dean, you must personally find a few worthy reviewers for this paper, and even personally review it. Get involved in the review work as soon as possible. I think this reason is enough, right?"
Ronnie was stunned for a moment, then opened his eyes wide and asked: "Are you... not joking? Is the paper submitted by a serious author?"
"Do you think I'm joking with you? As for whether the author is serious or not...well...do you think Editor-in-Chief Dugan will go directly to the reviewer before he has roughly read the content?"
"Okay, dear Freya, Daken Kuka, Braulio Bruno, Amrita Steven... Well, which one of them is the author?"
"Haha... I have nothing to say except to tell you that I guessed it wrong. Ronny, you know the rules... By the way, there are only twenty-eight minutes left in the dean's open class. If you don't want to go on stage to give a lecture, hurry up. Go find a reliable professor, I’ll go back first.”
After saying that, Freya Rosa also left Lot Dugan's office with brisk steps.
She began to look forward to it, but when she thought about it more carefully, she didn't know what to expect.
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