For a drug, specifically a chemical drug, if you want to enter clinical practice, you can do the same as Lao Tang's study. Anyway, you can't avoid it after traveling through mountains and rivers.
The simplest thing is that AIDS clinical trials have failed more than 200 times, and the money in them can almost be regarded as flowing out like the water of the Yellow River. There are also some cases such as herpes that have not been successful.
Many drugs were thought to be seed candidates before the third phase, but when they entered the third phase, they were all deceptive.
In layman's terms, the trials before the third phase were all theatrical, but after entering the third clinical phase, this is real work. Whether it works or not will be revealed at this time.
Approximately more than 10,000 medicinal compounds are developed around the world every year, and then about 200 to 300 can enter animal experiments, while only ten actually enter the third phase of clinical trials.
It can be said that it is one of ten thousand.
Trials before the third phase are often qualitative tests, such as whether eating this thing will cause other diseases. For example, the drug tea phylloxazine was found to be able to pair mice with each other. This is one of them.
To be honest, the research was on inhibitory drugs for the treatment of intestinal tumors. As a result, the mice's skin peeled off a layer. This was a failed chemical synthesis.
What is phase 3 trial? Let’s talk briefly about phase 3 trial. In phase 1, toxicology and pharmacokinetics look at drug toxicity and metabolism mechanism; in phase 2, dose selection is based on the difference between the maximum tolerable dose and the minimum effective dose. Window, to determine the dosage of the drug and initially measure the effectiveness and safety of the drug; Phase III, large-scale effectiveness and safety trials, verify that the drug can treat diseases and be used safely.
After passing these three phases of trials, you can apply for an NDA from the regulatory authorities. There are actually four more phases, but the fourth phase is just for everyone to fool each other. The fourth phase is based on market reaction and some individual requirements of the regulatory authorities. As long as you have money for this thing.
Therefore, if the general medicine instructions tell you to take it according to the measured amount, you should take it according to the measured amount. Apart from other things, there is gold content in it. But when you take the medicine, you have to take a handful. Do you think he can’t test it, or do you think you Great destiny.
Drugs are toxic, especially for some drugs. The safe dosage window is extremely narrow. If it is more, it will turn from a cure to a murderous poison.
Moreover, before clinical trials, once the drug has been qualified in the laboratory, a second appropriate animal experiment must be conducted to provide data for human trials.
To put it simply, this thing is to experiment with human cousins who have not yet emerged from the fifth server. Although regulatory authorities in various countries do not designate certain animals, they do have a requirement: animal experimental data with pharmacological relevance.
This is to put it plainly, use a knife on a monkey!
Small molecule drugs generally require experimental data on rodent species, and more stringent ones generally use slightly larger mammals, such as mini pigs and dogs.
As for Zhao Yanfang and the others, they have to use humans’ cousins who haven’t been released in the fifth server, primates!
So, although I am happy now, I am also under a lot of pressure.
The current situation is actually that the Long March has just begun. If not, you will die in the Jinsha River. The pressure is really not small, but there is hope now!
Therefore, Zhang Fan is now telling himself in his heart, he must hold on, he must hold on, and he must not sway. If he really sways and falls, the boss of the Cha Su government will probably cry.
All the way west, on the highway, the Cruiser was speeding steadily. The two ladies were catching up on their sleep. Those who didn't know it thought they had stolen corn from someone else last night.
Zhang Fan listened to Phoenix Group's West Sea Love Song and ran all the way towards Cha Su.
After passing the Tianshan Mountains, the scenery immediately changes.
If we talk about the scenery here in Bird City, it is similar to that in Su Province. Except that the land is a little flatter, it is actually mainly khaki. The bare mountains are like a child without hair, just tied up like a chicken. Sing the elephant.
But once you cross the Tianshan Mountains and enter the Chasu land, the scenery is different. The highway passes through the Tianshan Mountains, and you can see the snow-capped mountains in the distance. Looking at the white snow in the summer can make your heart feel cooler. On both sides of the road are all kinds of fir trees, lush and green reaching into the sky.
Really, extremely beautiful.
After entering the tea world, it was obvious that he was not home, but Zhang Fan could clearly feel that he was home.
After leaving the two men to catch up on their sleep, Zhang Fan drove into the hospital.
…
The hospital laboratory was crowded. Lao Chen wiped the sweat from his forehead and looked outside. When he saw Zhang Fan's car, he quickly said: "Yuan Zhang is here, Yuan Zhang is here."
Except for Ouyang, everyone else was ready to welcome Zhang Fan.
Zhang Fan entered the laboratory and took a look, oh! Tea Su's leaders in charge of health came and rubbed their hands together, probably the sweat beads were rolled into pills.
"If you didn't come today, I think the door here would be broken." Ouyang looked at the group of people around him unhappily.
"Where's the report? Let me read the report first."
Zhang Fan asked quickly.
"I made the decision. Before you came, the report was sealed and no one could read it first." Ouyang said.
"Take it out quickly, Zhang Yuan is here!" The leader in charge of health was like a junior high school student waiting for the owner of the video hall to show a movie in the middle of the night. He was quite dissatisfied with Ouyang.
After a while, the report was brought over. Zhang Fan found an office. After entering, he opened it and prepared to take a look.
Ouyang whispered to Zhang Fan: "The security of the laboratory is probably not good."
"It's not necessary, it's not yet the third clinical stage." Zhang Fan didn't understand.
"What do you know? If something happens, you won't have anywhere to cry. Look at how complicated this place is with people coming and going.
People from the country of meatballs, people from the country of golden retrievers, people from Zhongyong, people from numbers, and doctors from various places who come to experiment, some and not. Do you know what people think? "
When Ouyang said this, Zhang Fan felt that the old lady was right. If something really goes wrong, who will he cry to?
"Okay, you are right, let the tea government come forward?"
"No, don't we have a good relationship with Lu Air? They borrowed our plane last time. I want Lu Air to send a company over!"
"Uh!" Zhang Fan was so sweaty that he got down. Ouyang's tone was too loud. A company is a small company of a hundred people. You haven't done anything yet, but you want a company. If you really want to be able to do something, the Border Military Region will have to move to the Chasu Hospital!
"Okay, okay, okay, I'll ask Lao Chen to contact you later. Use it as little as possible for your face and gold, and save it for critical moments."
Zhang Fan comforted the old lady, and she found it helpful!
Zhang Fan felt a little pain in his balls when he opened the report. He struggled to read the report this time. It was almost entirely in English and contained a large number of chemical formulas.
My head is so big!
