Arteries, arteries, such as important highways and railways will be compared to arteries.
The real aorta of the human body is actually similar in nature to highways and important railways. Blood rich in oxygen and nutrients branches off from the aorta into countless small arteries.
Small arteries branch off into countless capillaries, and finally the capillaries are interspersed with countless cells and then slowly turn into capillary veins, which then converge into small veins and finally converge into large veins back to the heart.
This is a rough circuit of human blood vessels, and blood is slowly consumed from arterial blood to venous blood from this circuit.
It can be said that except for the organs that carry food, almost all other organs in the human body are closed loops.
Even the respiratory tract is deceiving the air. When you come in and take a look, wow! This is a dead end, then drop the oxygen and get out by yourself.
When the human body's skin is intact and acts as a city wall, it can isolate almost all bacteria and viruses that are invasive to the human body.
So, sometimes, keep your mouth shut, don’t lick, keep your hands, don’t touch, and wash your hands frequently.
Take care of your brother and don't go through the back door. No matter how powerful the virus and bacteria are, they can't do anything to you.
Zhang Fan took the general surgery doctor and the brain surgery doctor to the operating table.
Lao Chen's belly was bulging at this time, like a pregnant woman expecting to give birth.
Currently, there are many surgical methods for abdominal aorta, but if the condition is slightly more complicated, open surgery cannot be replaced.
"Get ready." Zhang Fan said softly.
"Okay!" Xue Xiaoqiao immediately started to prepare.
What to prepare? In this way, the abdominal aorta is a piece of cake. It is hidden slightly above the spine of the human body.
If you want to attack it, you must first understand the surrounding intestines and intestines.
Small intestine, large intestine, to be honest, for a fatter person, these things may not even fit in a child's bathtub.
Even if you look at ordinary times, it seems that a person is not very thick from the belly to the back. This is all an illusion.
Ask a tailor, ask a general surgeon, he will cry and tell you that the chicken is too thick.
For those who are fatter, there will be no problem if they open their stomachs, take out the intestines and intestines, and put a five or six-year-old child in them.
With such a deep condition, we can only think of a solution before opening the abdomen. First, let the patient fast and defecate to reduce intestinal contents.
Then, the patient's head is lowered on the operating bed, just like the chair in the shampoo room.
The patient's head is lowered and the feet are higher, and then the knife is used from the xiphoid process to go around the navel and draw it directly to the upper end of the pubic bone.
It can be said that the most serious operation of this kind is laparotomy, appendectomy, gallbladder removal, at most it is just a small hole or eye.
During general surgical hepatobiliary surgery, Zhang Fan not only passed the system's checkpoints, he also gained insights from a large number of surgeries and his skills were sublimated.
Not to mention other things, the opening of the abdomen made Chen Quanping, a general surgeon, envious.
For a normal surgical incision, the surgeon first holds a piece of gauze in his left hand, and the assistant holds a piece of gauze, and then the gauze of the two of them is flush with the skin to be incised.
Just like when you and your girlfriend are playing around and your girlfriend pulls your face with her hands and splits your mouth, the tight skin is the smoothest to cut.
But now it's too late, the aorta is opening, it's a joke, this is not a joke.
As soon as Xue Xiaoqiao picked up the gauze, Zhang Fan had already started cutting.
The knife is held horizontally with the right hand. In surgery, especially in obstetrics and gynecology, which is dominated by women, they like to hold the knife in a pen-holding style.
I don’t know who started it. Anyway, if a male doctor likes to hold the knife with a pen, he will often get this sentence: Your teacher is in obstetrics and gynecology!
The pen-holding style is more precise, with the knife held horizontally, giving it a feeling of wide opening and closing.
Precision is no longer a problem for Zhang Fan, so he prefers to hold it horizontally, just like the Condor Hero who just came out of the waterfall, preferring a thick, edgeless knife.
Hold the right hand horizontally, stretch the skin with the thumb and index finger of the left hand, and then directly go from top to bottom, like a flash of lightning, open Lao Chen's belly around the navel.
The belly button is like the handle on the door, perfectly avoided, "Stop the bleeding, retract."
If he had to hurry up and run out of time, Zhang Fan wouldn't even raise his head, and the blood on his skin wouldn't stop.
The director of general surgery held the electric knife like a welder, stopping the bleeding step by step. Xue Xiaoqiao and another assistant started to open the abdomen with a super large retractor.
How big is this hook? Everyone knows about the old-fashioned steel pots. The lid of the steel pot that can steam more than twenty large steamed buns at one time is split from the middle and can be used as a big hook. It is so big.
Anyone can pull this thing for a minute or two, but if you pull it for half an hour or several hours, it will be impossible for someone who has no effort to pull it off.
Not only does it have to resist the contraction of the patient's skin and muscles, but it also has to change positions all the time as the surgeon performs the surgery.
To be honest, all doctors in general surgery have unicorn arms. Otherwise, it would never be possible to pull it off for such a long time. If you bring an orthopedic surgeon here and ask him to pull the hook and perform an operation, you will definitely be full of complaints. After being beaten to death, he didn't even come to the General Hospital to help pull the hook.
When you open your belly, the edematous small intestine looks like a tied balloon, bang! Bang! Bang! One by one they stood up.
It was filled with air and undigested food, yellow, gray, and brown. As it squirmed, it seemed like a group of little people were rioting inside.
The air rose, solid liquids sank, and many raised bubbles appeared in the small intestine and large intestine, as if to tell Zhang Fan and others: What are you doing, what are you doing, making trouble? Come on, who is afraid of whom?
Ischemic edema makes the small and large intestines full of bubbles, and then due to bleeding, the abdominal cavity is filled with bright red blood.
Obediently, gurglingly, really, it’s like putting a pot of unpunctured fish bubbles in a red oil pot.
Really, they look alike! The semi-coagulated blood streaks and blood clots in the blood hung on the air bubbles on the intestinal wall, just like red peppers hanging on the fish bubbles.
"Gauze! Come on, stop counting. What are you doing earlier!" Looking at the nurse counting the gauze piece by piece, Zhang Fan got angry in a rare way.
He couldn't help but feel anxious, his stomach full of blood was like a boiling red oil hotpot, gurgling non-stop.
At this time, how many milliliters of blood are lost in one second? The equipment nurse was stunned for a moment. The head nurse realized something was wrong and immediately said: "Xiao Li, give the gauze to Zhang Yuan quickly. Hurry!"
"Oh, okay!" The little nurse gritted her teeth and handed all the uncounted gauze to Zhang Fan.
To be honest, such an operation is illegal. On the operating table, especially during laparotomy surgery, all items placed on and off the table must be double-checked.
Just two people, counting them together twice. After the operation, you can often see a scene like this. Two nurses stand side by side like primary school students and shout loudly: one, two, three...twenty.
It seems funny and childish, but this is the rule, a rule for patients, an iron rule.
If the inventory finds that a piece of gauze is missing or a needle is missing, the patient cannot get off the operating table.
Then all the doctors and nurses stuck their butts out and searched the floor, the operating room, and the collection boxes full of medical waste.
Even if there is stool excreted by the patient, the nurse and doctor have to pinch it open and take a look at it. It is so harsh.
Just find it. If you can't find it, hey, something big has happened.
Forgetting instruments or gauze in the patient's abdominal cavity is not a joke, nor is it a legend. In the early years, this kind of accident occurred not only in China but also in the medical community all over the world.
A piece of gauze was inserted into the stomach. The patient didn't know it, and the doctor forgot about it. Then the patient's wound was like a child's mouth, which never healed, and a thread appeared every few days, and another thread appeared every few days.
The most exaggerated thing is that some patients have even rejected it for more than 30 years! I have had pus in my stomach for thirty years, and it feels like wool is growing on my stomach, and I will spit out a piece of gauze for you every day. Really, talking about it brings tears to my eyes.
Later, a blue line was placed on the gauze. I don’t know if you have noticed it. All regular medical gauze has blue lines. This thing is used for X-ray imaging.
However, even with this line, what should be forgotten is still forgotten. Finally, an army nurse in China invented the seven-cha-eight pair.
She is also the first nurse in the Chinese army to win the Nightingale Award.
When Zhang Fan was in school, he was lucky enough to take the old lady's surgical sterility class. The old lady with the rank of major general could not tell that she was a general-level figure at all.
He has a kind face and a kind face. He has never been married and has been working on the medical front all his life.
Since the old lady from China formulated seven checks and eight pairs, things like missing instruments and gauze in the abdominal cavity have become less and less common.
Really, sometimes, the older generation in China are so awesome, but not many people know about them.
Maybe they don't want others to know, and they just exist and struggle quietly.
for what? Maybe it’s for that heart that never admits defeat. For the oath sworn under the Red Cross.
Sometimes, struggle and perseverance seem to be all egg soup, so I just need to soothe my stomach and listen.
But, sometimes, if you look at him, he perseveres and works hard, but there is no change in one day or one year. Ten years later, it will definitely be different. Maybe this is the reason why his faith never fades.
Opening his stomach, Zhang Fan kept stuffing gauze into the lower part of the intestine, one piece, ten pieces, fifty pieces, a large amount of gauze was stuffed in.
Her stomach was stuffed to the brim like snowflakes, and her small intestine had protruded through the suture opening in her abdomen.
Like a big squirming maggot, "Let me go back, your uncle, it's cold outside!"
"Tissue bag! Warm salt water!"
Zhang Fan stuffed the protruding small intestine into the large tissue bag just like washing pig intestines, and then poured warm salt water into it.
The intestines are different from the stomach. The skin of the stomach is very solid. You can take it out and step on it, but you can still eat and drink as usual when you put it in.
But the intestines are different. This thing is very delicate. If it gets a little cold and frightened, it will stop moving and start to pretend to be dead.
If the surface water is lost a little more, it will be like a woman who has not applied a facial mask for a week, it will directly die in your stomach.
Therefore, the head nurse and circulating nurse constantly replace the warm saline solution in the tissue bag with the constant-temperature saline solution, which must not be hot or cold. To be honest, he is the uncle-level person in the abdominal cavity.
Open the belly and separate the intestines. At this time, the abdominal aorta in the abdominal cavity was seen.
If the camera is pulled high and placed in the position of the shadowless lamp, then the heads of Zhang Fan and the four of them will be stuffed into a bloody mouth.
Unfathomable!
Really, Zhang Fan almost really stuffed his head into this hole.
"Too fat!" Zhang Fan, who rarely complained during the operation, said involuntarily.
It's so uncomfortable, really, half bent over, like that sculpture among the comedians.
Zhang Fan's neck was pulled forcefully to hang his big head in the air, and he had to bend his waist to push the head in a little.
That's okay, but the smell in the abdominal cavity is still unpleasant.
The warm abdominal cavity temperature, the stinky smell in the abdominal cavity, the stinky smell of blood decomposition, even wearing a mask is useless.
It's sticky, stinky, and slightly hot. Really, it's like someone sticking out their tongue and licking your face with saliva after eating rotten eggs or stinky tofu.
Fathers of children must have had this experience. When their child has bad gastrointestinal problems, his wife asks you to look at the child's stool, and then you put your face five centimeters above the child's fresh stool.
You can't make a hiccup sound, otherwise your wife will definitely go crazy.
And Zhang Fan can't hiccup, because once he hiccups, his hands will tremble, his hands will tremble, and his blood vessels will scatter fireworks for you.
Really, Zhang Fan bit his tongue and performed the surgery.
Separation, continuous separation, the intestines are suspended in the abdomen. This thing is semi-free. If you want to perform surgery on the back of the abdomen, you must first free these hanging ligaments.
After separating the ligaments, then separate the blood vessels. The large arteries branch off into numerous small arteries.
This surgery is too difficult, and it really doesn’t deserve its status and reputation as the fatality rate is as high as 70 or 80%.
"Whole body heparinization!"
Zhang Fan's head was slightly above his abdominal cavity, and his words seemed to be responded to.
Heparin is actually an anticoagulant, which prevents blood from coagulating.
Really, it's too difficult. Once a blood vessel is injured, it will activate the inner wall of the blood vessel to stop bleeding.
So, some people cut their hands, put it in their mouths and squirted, and then took it out and saw, hey, there is no bleeding anymore.
He proudly said: Look, my tongue and saliva can stop bleeding.
What a nonsense, this thing can cause infection, and it’s not how flexible your tongue is that stops bleeding, it’s about other people’s blood vessels stopping bleeding on their own.
Normal people can clot blood, but Mishima's female bosses can't. A cut on their little finger can cause shock.
The blood vessels need to stop bleeding on their own, but the arteries are too big to stop, and the blood vessels become anxious. Then the whole body stops bleeding, and all the slippery blood in the blood vessels turns into cement, directly forming an embolism.
Therefore, this surgery is very contradictory. While stopping the bleeding, a large amount of anticoagulant is used to allow the blood to flow.
Separation and ligation are the beginning of the operation. Really, the failure rate of this operation is extremely high.
Before stopping the bleeding, you must first save the kidney. Now that you have saved the kidney, can you save the egg?
The blood supply to these organs is established first, and then the abdominal aorta is repaired.
Not to mention Zhang Fan, the head nurse who was watching on the side was sweating.
Zhang Fan gritted his teeth and yelled from his waist: Son of a bitch, do you dare to stretch it for me? Just stretch it, it's about to break!
Xue Xiaoqiao was not much better. There was no feeling in both upper limbs, the soles of my feet ached when I stood, and my five toes were like fingers, almost scratching through my slippers.
But they couldn't move, not at all, because there were blood vessels underneath, the aorta.
An hour passed.
Two hours passed.
The family members and children outside the operating room were tired of crying and looked at the wall with blank eyes.
Several doctors and nurses found by the medical office are still talking and talking. Really, it is difficult for the director of the medical office. He is so awesome. It is so difficult to find these people who can talk.
Cut open the blood vessel wall, cut the round tube-shaped blood vessel into a piece of flat paper, and then trim it to remove the interlayer.
Then just like repairing a water pipe, put an artificial blood vessel in it.
"Zhang Yuan, how about I replace you?"
Chen Quanping watched the sweat beads on the back of Zhang Fan's head keep coming out one by one. Although his legs were so sore that he was about to die, he knew that Zhang Fan was feeling more uncomfortable than him at this time.
"Need not!"
That is to say, you are familiar with Zhang Fan's style, otherwise, you would not be able to stand his attitude.
Sewing, finally, the sewing is done. Zhang Fan slowly straightened his body, and he could hear the squeaking sound in his waist.
