"It seems that some people really don't know who their surnames are in this world!" When Zhu Yijun said this, Gao Pragmatic suddenly felt a little dazed.
He recalled that when he first met Xiao Zhu Yijun, who was still the prince, when he was a child, he once talked about the supervisory power of factory guards. At that time, Zhu Yijun heard him and Feng Bao discussing that factory guards and supervisors were actually facing huge political pressure. The young and ignorant Zhu Yijun was extremely dissatisfied and blurted out a very fatal sentence: "...the establishment of Jinyiwei and the East Factory back then had no purpose. Do you just want to supervise the world? My father wants to check whether they are doing well, but they dare to say something is wrong? Is the world still surnamed Zhu? "
Time flies, and time flies by. Twenty years passed in a blink of an eye, suddenly like a dream. Today, Zhu Yijun once again mentioned "who belongs to the world", but it has already been "the autumn wind is bleak, and now it is another world."
Feng Bao, the eldest companion who was so powerful in the inner court and could scare little Zhu Yijun with just one look, had already been sent to Xiaoling Guards in Nanjing to grow vegetables. He soon died of depression at the foot of Meihua Mountain south of Xiaoling;
The ignorant and filial prince who only wanted to take care of his father's worries as a son has already ruled the world for twenty years. From a childish child who "trusted him with everything", to a government official and a full-fledged civil and military official, he can circumvent all the problems as he pleases. The ancestral system, canonizing the "Wenhou" you want... Zhu Yijun's political methods have long been mature, and his political thoughts have basically been finalized.
Perhaps, there are not many places where I can influence him? Gao Pragmatic couldn't help but think.
Ah, no, I should still have a strong influence on him. If not, why would he still leave me to "drink with me" today?
All the emperors of the Ming Dynasty were good at drinking. Even Chongzhen was very self-disciplined, so he drank as little as possible. But Zhu Yijun definitely didn't really need someone to drink with him. Staying to drink with him was just an excuse. What he really wanted was his own advice.
In other words, even after the victory over Yuan Dynasty, his royal power has surpassed all the world, but when faced with major events, he will still subconsciously rely on his most trusted minister-that is, Gao Pragmatic.
Thinking of this, and then recalling Zhu Yijun's words at the end of the canonization ceremony, "When this matter is finished, the court will still have several troubles for you to resolve, but there will be no delay." Gao pragmatic suddenly realized that maybe he insisted on giving himself this " "Nanning Marquis", in addition to appreciating merit and nostalgia, it also includes the need to continue to serve him.
It seems that the Tonjin Gongzang I have been worried about before has not reached that point yet. At least for the time being, the situation in this world is still one where the birds are flying and the bow cannot be hidden. Gao pragmatically let out a breath of anger.
When Zhu Yijun saw it, he thought he had come up with some idea. He looked at him with bright eyes and asked, "How about a pragmatic plan?"
"Ah?" Gao Pingshi was stunned for a moment when he was asked, and said to himself: You didn't ask for advice. What "plans can I come up with"?
At this time, Zhu Yijun realized that he might have ignored it, but he didn't care. He simply said clearly: "I am asking you, is now a good opportunity to kill others?"
Gao pragmatic understood, thought for a moment, and then asked: "Who does the emperor want to kill, the chicken or the monkey?"
"Uh..." Zhu Yijun was speechless for a moment when he asked him. He frowned and thought for a moment, then asked: "Do you think... can killing chickens scare monkeys?" Judging from his tone and demeanor, it was a question, and It's not a rhetorical question, which shows that he is really unsure.
Gao Pragmatic looked calm, but what he said was very sharp and hit the nail on the head: "Your Majesty, I think the first thing we need to understand is who is the chicken and who is the monkey."
"Of course those in high positions are monkeys." Zhu Yijun wondered: "You still want to think about this?"
"This is usually the case, but sometimes it may not be the case." Gao pragmatically pursed his lips and compared himself very boldly: "It is rumored that in addition to Cheng Zhu Neo-Confucianism, the current imperial court also has two schools, Lu Wang Xin Xue and Wang Gaoshi Xue. sect, and the person with the highest official position in the Shi Xue sect is Mr. Xu Ge, but how many people think that Mr. Xu Ge is the original sect of Shi Xue?"
Zhu Yijun laughed and said: "Mr. Xu's knowledge is still good, but if you are pragmatic and pragmatic, it will naturally not be his turn. Wang Gao is a practical learner. After Wen Zhenggong passes away, you will naturally be the main sect. "
I would like to add here that the term "Wang Gaoshixue" should not have existed in the original history. It exists now because Gao Gongzhi's butterfly wings flapped too hard, allowing Gao Gong to work for ten years, instead of ending it as soon as Long Qing died. "The middle path collapses."
Precisely because he worked for ten years, Guo Pu and Zhang Siwei continued to uphold his methods, and finally Gao Pragmatic "succeeded", this banner of practical learning has been held up for more than 20 years, and finally it has truly taken shape. The superstructure also has the lower-level foundation of the university faction and the political faction.
In the original history without the influence of high pragmatism, practical learning was generally called "practical learning of managing the world", or more broadly, "practical learning of Ming and Qing Dynasties". Although there are many leaders among them, it can only be regarded as a trend of thought in itself and does not have the so-called "organizational structure" necessary for a political faction.
The so-called practical learning of the Ming and Qing Dynasties is actually a new form of the development of Confucianism from the time of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty to the eve of the Opium War of the Tatar and Qing Dynasties. It abandoned the empty academic style of Song and Ming dynasty Neo-Confucianism, which talked about the nature of mind, and advocated "advocating reality and overthrowing virtuality". In all social and cultural fields, it tried its best to highlight the word "real" and emphasized practical application, and became the main theme of that era. One of the **gods.
Since the practical science of the Ming and Qing Dynasties is a broad term, it can of course be subdivided, and its subdivision can be roughly divided into five categories: substantial practical science, practical science of economics, scientific practical science, textual research and enlightenment practical science.
Entity practical learning is based on the foundation of practical learning in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It includes an ontology based on the material entity of "Qi", an epistemology based on practice (acting), a theory of natural human nature based on "Xing Qi mutual resources", and a morality based on "practical skills" as the main cultivation method. Theory, the theory of the unity of reason and desire (including righteousness and benefit) based on the desire for profit and leisure, etc. Its main representatives include Luo Qinshun, Wang Tingxiang, Cui Xian, Yang Shen, Gao Gong, Wu Tinghan, Huang Zongxi, Wang Fuzhi, Yan Yuan, Dai Zhen, etc.
Practical learning of economics refers to the social and political content of practical learning in the Ming and Qing dynasties. It includes not only the exposure and criticism of social ills, but also the conception and implementation of plans to remedy current ills. Its main representatives include Gao Gong, Zhang Juzheng, Gu Yanwu, Huang Zongxi, Lu Liuliang, Quan Zuwang, Zhang Xuecheng, Gong Zizhen, Wei Yuan, etc.
Scientific practical learning refers to the scientific content of practical learning in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It includes both Chinese classical science and Western learning imported from Europe. Its representatives include Li Shizhen, Xu Guangqi, Song Yingxing, Fang Yizhi, Mei Wending, etc.
Textual research refers to the study of Confucian classics in the Ming and Qing dynasties. After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, with the rise and development of practical thoughts, in the field of Confucian classics research, there was a revival of Hanxue and Confucianism. Confucianism research replaced the study of Confucian classics, and the study of Confucianism replaced the study of Confucian classics. Song Dynasty. Its representative figures include Fang Yizhi, Chuanshan, Gu Yanwu, Mao Qiling, Dai Zhen, Wang Zhong, Jiao Xun, Ruan Yuan, etc.
Enlightenment practical learning refers to the citizen consciousness of practical learning in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Mainly reflected in the fields of philosophy, literature and art. Its main representatives include Wang Gen, He Xinyin, Li Zhi, Tang Xianzu, Huang Zongxi, etc.
At this point, readers may have discovered that many representatives of the Heart School have been classified into these major categories of practical learning by later generations, such as the famous He Xinyin.
This is not surprising, after all, the Xinxue disciples have always insisted that they are also "practical learning", but only "moral practical learning". However, this issue has been discussed earlier in this book. It is neither necessary nor too complicated to discuss it in detail, so I will not go into details.
In short, practical learning in the Ming and Qing Dynasties is the logical result of the development of Chinese Confucianism. Its theoretical value lies in the fact that it not only made a summary criticism of the categories and propositions discussed in Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming dynasties, but also put forward some new categories and propositions that reflected the interests and requirements of the citizen class, becoming a theoretical pioneer of modern Chinese enlightenment thought.
But here comes the question. Since according to normal development, after the practical science of economics is generalized, it will be the "Ming and Qing practical science", then why is it now named "Wang Gao practical science"? Who does "King, Gao" here refer to?
The so-called Wang Gaoshixue, Wang refers to Wang Tingxiang, and Gao - at least in the current Ming Dynasty, is generally believed to refer to Gao Gong. But to a large extent, the emergence of the term "Wang Gao Shi Xue" has a meaning that deliberately echoes "Lu Wang Xin Xue".
Looking back at the above classification of practical studies in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, we will find that Wang Tingxiang is listed as one of the pioneers and representatives of "substantive practical studies", while Gao Gong is listed in the two categories of "substantial practical studies" and "jingshi practical studies" as a representative figure.
When Gao Gong was studying in Henan, he was deeply influenced by Wang Ting's thoughts on Xiangxue. He abandoned the old Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism, thinking that this kind of thinking was completely unrealistic. He also disliked the gradually deteriorating Lu Wang's Xinxue, and believed that the end of Xinxue was almost like crazy Zen.
Therefore, Gao Gong first studied Wang Tingxiang's Qi theory, and by criticizing Cheng Zhu's "Li Ben theory" and Lu Wang's "Heart theory", he clearly elaborated on the Qi theory that "there is only Qi between heaven and earth". Then based on this, we develop our own thoughts, that is, all the practical knowledge of managing the world that serves the purpose of "managing the world for practical use."
In fact, if Gao Gong's so-called "qi" is expressed in the language of later generations, then he is talking about the "origin of matter" to a large extent - you don't care whether this origin is an atom or a molecule, or something else. In short, Gao Gong is considered to be material. In other words, Gao Gong can actually be regarded as a materialist.
Of course, ancient Chinese academic thoughts are always magically dialectical, and Gao Gong is no exception. His "Qi Fundamental Theory" is also very complex. For example, Gao Gong's Theory of Qi has three aspects:
In terms of the theory of cosmogenesis, it is the original theory of vitality that "continuously transforms and gives birth to all things", and proposes a universe of "one (vital energy) - two (heaven and earth or yin and yang) - ten thousand (all things in the universe)" Generate schema.
In terms of the theory of universe composition, it is the ontology of qi that "qi possesses principles, and qi is reason; principles possess qi, and reason is qi."
On the issue of human nature, it is the theory of temperament and human nature that "people are just one nature, and this refers to the nature of temperament." It is believed that nature is Qi, and the heart is also Qi. "Only Mr. Mingdao said, Xing is Qi, Qi is nature, and good solid nature is also "Evil cannot be ignored, and it is in line with Confucius's purpose."
He proposed that a thorough theory of human nature is unidimensional, not dualistic. The "nature of heaven and earth" or the "nature of righteousness and reason" that Song Confucianism calls "not in form and energy" do not exist at all.
The practical effect of Gao Gong's monism on human nature is to bring the theory of mind back to the ground from the empty and unrealistic suspended state of Taoists, making it closer to real life and more in tune with people's natural temperament.
Then why did Gao Gong come up with this theory of Qi? Because this is the foundation of theory and the ontological foundation of its "pragmatic philosophy", later generations believe that it also occupies a very important historical position in the development history of Qiology in the Song and Ming Dynasties.
This makes it clearer. In the so-called "Wang Gao Shi Xue", Wang Tingxiang mainly laid the theoretical foundation. Gao Gong further carried out the theoretical foundation work, and through his ruling career, he gradually elaborated and improved his practical theory of managing the world. Practical thinking.
Just as Wang Yangming achieved great success in his spiritual studies, Wang Gao achieved great success in his practical studies in Gao Gong. However, in this process, Gao pragmatism actually contributed a lot, especially in the process of generalization of practical theory of economics, Gao pragmatism can be said to have played the most important role.
As I just said, Gao Gong's pragmatic philosophy is essentially "pragmatic philosophy", and because of Gao's pragmatism, it has gradually expanded to more aspects.
For example, scientific and practical studies, the highly pragmatic establishment of the Jinghua Craftsman School, and the establishment of so many departments, almost all of which fall into the category of scientific application. Since he was the heir to Gao Gong's mantle, this move significantly expanded the scope of practical studies of economic management to include practical studies of science.
Of course, Gao Pragmatic has not touched much on the two categories of textual research and enlightenment history. This is mainly because he lacks energy and must pay attention to priorities - just as he has just decided to deal with the three major events proposed by Zhu Yijun. The order is the same, this is his habit.
At this time, Zhu Yijun said without hesitation that "Wang Gaoshixue" would "naturally take you as its sect after the death of Wen Zhenggong", which also shows that Gao Jingshi's inheritance of Gao Gongshixue's status as a sect has been recognized.
"Mr. Xu Ge is the second assistant of the imperial court and has a high and powerful position. However, people in the world and even the emperor regard ministers as the real sect. It can be seen that the chicken and the monkey do not necessarily depend on the official position. Based on this, and with this Taoist statement, we can see , behind the Caojun commotion, the Jiangnan plutocrats were deeply involved, and they used the names of some high-ranking and powerful people. What if...ah, I am talking about what if.
If the situation is true, it will give people the impression that the person behind this incident is the powerful person, but is this really the case? not necessarily. "
Zhu Yijun frowned and said, "Are you saying that the Jiangnan chaebol are using tiger skin as a banner, but in fact those actions have nothing to do with the 'highly powerful person'?"
"No, what I mean is that it doesn't matter whether the 'highly powerful person' has anything to do with it, because since his tiger skin can be pulled out and used by the Jiangnan Chaebol, he has not been seen doing anything to the Jiangnan Chaebol after using it. If there is any punishment, it will prove that the Jiangnan Chaebol can use this tiger skin at will - in other words, the Jiangnan Chaebol is the real owner of this tiger skin!" Gao Pragmatic analyzed with a serious face.
Zhu Yijun's face darkened as expected, and he said with a tiger's face: "So you are saying that the Jiangnan plutocrats are the monkeys, right?"
"Of course." Gao pragmatically said: "So the current problem is that the chicken is just a chess piece pushed by the monkey to the stage. If you kill the chicken to scare the monkey, the monkey may not be afraid of it. It is just pushing another chicken to the stage. Killing the monkey to scare the chicken is not the case. The Rooster is favored by the Monkey. If the Monkey is in trouble, the Rooster will do its best to provide shelter.
If the monkey does not die, even if the chicken is in trouble for a while, it will profit in the long run; if the monkey dies, the chicken will lose its food, how can it survive? "
Zhu Yijun was silent for a long time, then nodded slightly and said: "I understand, I will arrange for factory security to investigate this matter. If the evidence of the crime is confirmed, at this critical juncture, the monkey and the chicken will be punished together, as a warning for future generations!"
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