The emperor transferred Meng Guzhegege, who was "presented by Tarumu Guard" to Gao Pragmatic, which became big news in the capital in the past two days.
Something that even Gao Pangshi didn't expect happened. Everyone in the capital, from officials to common people, began to discuss two issues: first, how Gao Situ would buy a concubine in this way, and second, whether Gao Situ should change his name.
Obviously now Meng Guzhezhe has become a reward from the emperor, why are everyone still talking about "buying a concubine"? In fact, this matter has to start with the concubinage system of the Ming Dynasty.
There has been a saying in China since ancient times that "if you hire someone, you will become your wife; if you run away, you will become a concubine". Ben here refers to elopement, that is, a woman voluntarily follows a man to live in her husband's house without being engaged by her husband's family.
A wife is "married", and a concubine is "accepted". The property sent to the in-law's family when marrying a wife is called "bride price"; and the property given when taking a concubine is called "the money to buy a concubine", so there is " The saying that concubines can be bought and sold.
If you look at these statements alone, it seems that taking a concubine does not require any procedures and rituals. However, looking at various historical materials, we can see that taking a concubine was not that simple in the Ming Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty, some people in Yangzhou made a living by raising virgin girls and selling them to others as concubines, which was commonly known as "raising thin horses". The selling price is called a financial gift, and the wedding etiquette is similar to that of a wedding.
According to Zhang Dai's "Tao'an Dream Recollections": "There are dozens of people in Yangzhou who eat and drink on the body of a thin horse every day. Those who take a concubine...if they like it, they insert a gold hairpin or a hairpin into their temples, saying "insert the belt" "... After "inserting the ribbon", the owner will issue a red slip, with a number of colored satins, a number of gold flowers, a number of financial gifts, and a number of pieces of cloth written on it. Dip the pen in ink and send it to the guests to read.
If the guests approve the gifts and satin as they wish, then the guests will return home. He didn't even arrive at his apartment, but there were drums and drums and red and green sheep wine at his door for a long time. Within a moment, the gifts, coins, cakes and fruits were all present, and they were led away by drummers and music. Not half a mile away, there were attendants in front of the door, including sedan chairs and lanterns, cannons and torches, mountain men and groomsmen, paper candles, offerings of fruits, sacrifices and sweet wine.
When the cook arrives with a load, he will have fruits and vegetables, soup cakes, sugar cakes for the garden shed, table seats and mattresses, wine pots and cups, dragon, tiger and longevity stars, tents with red strings, small singing strings and so on. He didn't wait for a reply, nor did he wait for his master's order, but the sedan chair and the escort sedan arrived at the same time. The newlyweds come to visit the church, are presented to the banquet in person, sing and play, and the whole place is lively. "
It can be seen from this that the etiquette of marrying a concubine is at least taking a "skinny horse" as a concubine. The etiquette should not be much different from that of marriage.
Moreover, in the Ming Dynasty, taking a concubine required a concubine marriage certificate. "Wanshu Cuibao" records a concubine marriage contract at that time: "Someone in a certain place in a certain place has a complaint: a self-supporting woman was born, named a certain slave girl, and she has grown up. Based on such and such a person's surname, she agreed to marry him. A certain person in a certain place is a concubine, and today he is offered a certain amount of silver. This girl will choose auspicious circumstances and get married.
This woman is a self-raised woman, and has never received any financial gifts from others, nor has her origins been unknown. If there is such a color, and it wanders and disperses, it comes from a certain place and is sent back. If the feng shui is not bad, this is destiny and has nothing to do with the silver owner. Now I want to get a certificate of employment, so I will make a marriage certificate as a photo. "
Judging from this marriage certificate, its content should include: proving that the woman is self-supporting, voluntarily marries others as a concubine, and has received wedding gifts. If the woman flees, the man is responsible for recovering it. If the woman dies after marriage, she will be married to the man. Nothing to do with the content.
Precisely because its content is similar to a deed of sale, people generally do not call concubinage marriage documents a marriage document, but a marriage contract. In the third chapter of "Water Margin", when Zheng Tu occupied Jin Cuilian, he had to write a "purchase deed for three thousand guan in imaginary money." The Ming Dynasty inherited many Song Dynasty systems, and the same is true here.
Therefore, taking a concubine in the Ming Dynasty required a contract, that is, a concubine marriage certificate was required. The process and etiquette of taking a concubine are similar to those of marrying a wife, and there is not much difference.
In this case, then the question arises: First of all, since "concubines can be bought and sold", it stands to reason that Gao Pragmatic must give the person who "sells" the concubine to him a "fund to buy the concubine."
But now, should Meng Guzhezhe be regarded as "sold" to him by Ye Hedong City, Belle Nalinbulu, or should he be regarded as "sold" to him by His Majesty the Emperor? If Gao Pragmatic wants to "buy a concubine", who should the money be given to, or should it be given at all?
If Nalin Bulu was "sold" to him, then it would be reasonable for Gao Pragmatic to give Nalin Bulu a sum of money, but what if it was considered "sold" to him by His Majesty the Emperor? The emperor is talking about "rewards", which does not constitute a buying and selling relationship in principle. Will the money be returned?
Don't think that this is not important, in fact it is very important: if it is not given, it is difficult to consider this concubine as a concubine, but there is no suitable example as a reference before, so Meng Guzhezhe's status is very special.
If in another family, a woman given by the emperor could not be treated as a concubine, her status in that family might not be equal to that of the main wife.
However, the situation in Gao Pragmatic's family is also very special, because his wife is not only the royal wife, but also a serious court official - Annan's current attribute is "internal", and Huang Zhiting, as the deputy capital of Annan, then He is a legitimate official of the current dynasty and a local feudal lord.
Especially in the situation where Mo Maoqia, the commander-in-chief of Annan, was actually sidelined, her status became even more important, and she was roughly equal to the first person responsible for the Ming Dynasty's control of Annan.
Ordinary people in the capital did not know the actual situation in southern Xinjiang, so in their view, it was impossible for a foreign woman to rival Huang Dutong's status and raise troops in Annan in anger. How could this be done?
The war between Yunnan and Burma has not long passed, and everyone still clearly remembers the proud record of Hua Mulan from southern Xinjiang, who defeated the White Elephant King of Burma's Golden Tower. How can we make peace with such a feudal chieftain who offended such a chieftain? This joke must never be made!
As for the etiquette of taking concubines, you must first solve the problem of "buying concubines", otherwise no matter what you do, it will look inappropriate. Therefore, whether the highly pragmatic "funds for buying concubines" should be used and who should be given to them has become one of the hot topics in the capital.
Another hotly debated topic followed. First of all, it should be noted that wealthy families and official families with many wives and concubines were very common in various periods of the Ariime dynasty. For example, Tang He, the general in the early Ming Dynasty, "had more than a hundred domestic concubines, and I paid for them in my later years." Another example is "Princess Baoqing, the youngest daughter of Taizu, married Zhao Hui... Her family was rich and luxurious, and she had more than a hundred concubines."
During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong, there was a minister named Wuzhong who was very greedy for money, lived a decadent life, and had more than ten concubines, which was recorded in the history books. There was also a certain marquis who had many concubines in his family. He played Shuanglu with his guests and ordered thirty concubines. Dressed in scarlet green, Dai Changxing; during the Jiajing period, the Minister of War in Nanjing was Zhan Ruoshui, who was addicted to wealth and sex, and had dozens of concubines.
According to records, Zhang Juzheng in the original history also "had so many concubines in his last years that he could not spread them all." There were so many concubines that he could not handle them all. It is not only common for wealthy people to buy concubines, but also for eunuchs. For example, Wu Cheng, the eunuch at the beginning of Tianshun, not only had a wife, but also a concubine of the Yao family. In the apocalypse, the eunuch Zhang Wo continued to have more than a hundred concubines.
Behind this, especially after the mid-Ming Dynasty, the custom was that when scholars were promoted or became officials in the capital, they often bought women from the capital as concubines. According to "Winter Night Notes", there was a custom among the Ming Dynasty during this period, that is, "after scholars ascended to the throne, they often changed their names and took concubines. Therefore, the proverb of the capital said: Change your name and marry a younger one."
The second hot discussion point related to Gao pragmatism is that since I am going to "marry a younger child" this time, should I also "change my account number"? This leads to another question. After Gao Pragmatic won the gold medal in the past, because he did not take a concubine, it was very rare that he did not give himself a number. Therefore, if he changes his number this time according to custom, it will actually be his first time. Take a number.
Whenever it is the first time, there is always something different, let alone when it involves Gao Jingshi, a great farmer who has become famous at a young age, so there is a lot of heated discussion in the capital.
When Gao pragmatic got the news, he was stunned. He said to himself that no matter what dynasty or generation, there is no shortage of people to eat melons.
However, when he looked back and thought about it, although he was often called "Gao Longwen", after all, "Longwen" was only his famous work, not his official nickname. The reason why he didn't take a number when he passed the imperial examination in the past was because he was influenced by the "change of names after taking concubines" in the capital. Since he didn't take concubines, he didn't take a number. Secondly, it was also because he wanted to look modest to support his family. see.
Now that the concubine is about to be taken in, it seems that it's time to take this number, but Gao Pragmatic has never thought about how to get this number before. Since he was the focus of the people of the capital this time, he couldn't be too casual.
The Han people have attached great importance to surnames, given names, given names, and nicknames since ancient times. After the surnames were rarely used, they changed to attach more importance to surnames, given names, given names, and nicknames. Among them, the surname is fixed, while the given name, character, and nickname have their own particularities.
Since ancient times, Chinese people have valued fame over profit, so people have cherished their names and reputations since ancient times, and worked hard to maintain their names with their own actions. This is what people call having a good reputation.
The so-called "name will last forever" and "name will remain in history" are to encourage people to cherish their names. The words "notorious" and "disgraced" are negative warnings for people not to tarnish their names.
The relationship between name and character is the closest. "Name" can be given at the time of birth, while "zi" is the name given by men and women after they reach adulthood. Using a character indicates that the person has reached adulthood and should be respected. Therefore, "Quli" says: "The title and the word are used to respect his name."
This means that after a man or woman acquires a given name as an adult, others can no longer call them by their first names, but must call them "words" to show respect. Therefore, in ancient times, it was impolite to call adults by their first names. Note: I also make a distinction in this book. Careful readers will find that when certain characters mention Gao Pragmatism in conversation, they sometimes call him by his first name, which is to deliberately show his serious dissatisfaction with Gao Pragmatism. .
Therefore, a name is a name and a character is a character, but among the three "name, character, and number", the relationship between name and character is the closest. Character, also known as "table character". Biaozi is an annotation, supplement and extension of a person's name. It echoes the name and serves as a complement to each other.
Take Zhuge Liang as an example. His name is "Liang" and his character is "Kong Ming". "Ming" is an annotation, supplement and extension of "Liang". "Ming" and "Liang" refer to each other. For example, Tao Yuanming, a famous pastoral poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, had the name Yuanliang.
In addition to the similar and complementary meanings of the names, the relationship between the name and the character can also be the opposite, that is, the opposite meaning of the character. For example, Zeng Dian, the word "white" means black and dirty, and "white" means white; Zhu Xi, the word "huixi" means dawn, and "hui" means night; Wang Ji, the word "wu gong" means the opposite of "achievement" and "wu gong".
This kind of emphasis is still observed even in modern times. For example, how to Yingqin, the word Jingzhi, Qin means respectful. And so on and so forth.
Gao Jingshi's "pragmatic" was taken from Gao Gong. Although his peers were all "wu X", the name Gao pragmatic contained Gao Gong's expectations for him. Practicality means practical learning, and practicality means engagement and compliance.
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His nickname "Qiuzhen" was given to him by Yu Shenxing when he was a great master. However, as one of the great scholars of the Ming Dynasty, Yu Shenxing certainly would not choose it blindly. Seeking truth and being pragmatic are also mutually exclusive. .
Now it was his turn to give himself a number, which was a little different.
First of all, the "account" is divided into two categories: self-account and gifted account. If names and characters are given by predecessors and imply good hopes, then unlike names and characters, the names of ancient people are related to their growth experiences and are a summary and understanding of life. Therefore, there is another difference between "name, character, and nickname", that is, the dominance of naming is different: "name" and "character" are both chosen by elders; "name" is mostly chosen by oneself. This is how people It is often called "self-title"; in addition, "title" can also be given to others. This is what people often call "respectful title" and "elegant title".
Previously, Gao Pragmatic was often called "Long Wen", which was an elegant name based on his experience and achievements, similar to Zhuge Liang's "Wolong" and Pang Tong's "Feng Chu". Of course, Gao Pragmatic has never officially recognized this nickname, so it cannot be said that "Long Wen" is his nickname.
It is more necessary to decide your own name according to your own living environment or interests to show your elegance. For example, Su Shi, the well-known literary master of the Song Dynasty, had a familiar nickname, "Dongpo Jushi". Why Su Shi called himself "Dongpo Lay Scholar" is related to his period of relegation.
In the second year of Yuanfeng, Su Shi, who was 43 years old, was transferred to the magistrate of Huzhou. After taking office, he immediately wrote a "Huzhou Express of Appreciation" to Shenzong, which resulted in the Wutai Poetry Case. I won’t go into details about the specific process here. In short, although Su Shi was spared the death penalty in the end, the punishment was still indispensable - he was demoted to the deputy envoy of Huangzhou Tuanlian.
The position of deputy envoy of Huangzhou Tuanlian was quite humble and had no real power. At this time, Su Shi had become disheartened after this battle. So after he took office, he felt depressed. He visited Chibi Mountain outside Huangzhou City many times and wrote famous works such as "Chibi Ode", "Hou Chibi Ode" and "Niannujiao·Chibi Nostalgia" to support his exile. mood at the time.
In addition to his official duties, he led his family to reclaim a piece of sloping land in the east of the city and farm to help supplement their livelihood. It was precisely because of his special experience of "farming on Dongpo" that Su Shi called himself "Dongpo layman".
Gao Pragmatic also had the experience of being demoted, so the first thing he thought of was to use this experience to name himself, but after thinking about it, he found it was a bit difficult - he was also demoted, and Su Dongpo was really miserable. , and he was not miserable at all. When he was in Guangxi, he had a special status as the governor, and it happened that the governor was unable to manage affairs. As a result, he almost became the local emperor of Guangxi.
It seemed that commemorating the unlucky past was not very reliable, so Gao Pragmatic changed the direction and thought about commemorating achievements. But if you think about it carefully, it’s difficult to do.
In addition to the six top prizes, Gao Wuzhen now has three major achievements recognized by the world: Annan, Dingbei, and Pingxi. It stands to reason that if these three achievements were taken separately, each one would be enough to commemorate. But the problem is that since there are three, it is difficult to distinguish between them - he can't shamelessly claim that he has the third grade of achievement.
After thinking about it, Gao Qingshi gave himself a headache. Is it so difficult for me to get a number?
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