Tuotuo Qataiji.
When this person is on one's side, every Mongolian will feel a hundred times more confident; but when he is on the opposite side, almost every Mongolian will feel a chill in his heart.
One person's bravery cannot actually determine the victory of a war, but Mongolians worship heroes. In this Mongolian society where cold weapons have not yet been replaced, heroic figures like Tuotuo will always have extra charm and prestige.
What's more, Tuotuo's reputation does not come entirely from his personal bravery. In fact, his achievements are equally brilliant. In his more than thirty years of fighting career, he followed Anda Khan to fight thousands of miles away, from Monan to Mobei, from Saibei to the Western Region (Oara), from Wuliangha to Qinghai... He has never been defeated in a single battle. Pass.
Not to mention that in the last battle in Monan, Tuotuo's performance was perfect. Apart from Gao Pragmatic, the de facto commander-in-chief, he was the most dazzling.
For such a person, when he appears in such a situation where he beats a drowned dog, who of his enemies can wait calmly instead of losing all their courage and being heartbroken?
When Tuotuo's flags and Tumut cavalry appeared in all directions, bringing with them billowing yellow dust, everyone from Boshu Ketu to the ordinary Ordos cavalry lost their courage in an instant.
Landmines are very powerful, and the Ming army is getting stronger and stronger, but these are not terrible, because as long as you rush out, you will have a way to survive.
However, the Totuo that appeared at this time was the most terrifying, which meant that the Ordos Division had lost the basis of its pride in this battle - mobility.
We are all Mongolian cavalry. Tuotuo is not only highly capable, but also ready to work. How difficult is it to kill them, a group of Ordos cavalry who have suffered heavy losses? Even if it is not said to be easy, I am afraid it does not take much effort.
What's more, Ma Gui's words just now are still ringing in his ears. Who knows that there are a large number of thunderbolt artillery buried nearby, waiting for them to crash into them?
Qataiji's encirclement narrowed rapidly, and he himself ran to the front of the formation at once, saluted Ma Zongrong not far from Ma Gui, then reined in his horse and stood still, took out the Golden Arrow Token from his arms, and pointed towards Boshu Ketu raised his head and shouted: "Boshu Ketu, do you recognize this thing!"
Boshu Ketu naturally recognized it, but he was really unwilling to answer. The veteran beside him quietly stretched out his leg and gently kicked the stirrup on his right foot, and reminded him in a low voice: "Jinong?"
Bosho Ketu sighed and shouted to Chatterji: "Uncle Toto is here to kill me?"
Qataiji said loudly: "Tuotuo has already sworn allegiance to Tumut Khan in this life. Han Naji Chechen Khan has not ordered me to take your life. Naturally, I will not kill the descendants of the Golden Family!"
Boshu Ketu chuckled and shouted: "In that case, what order did my good Aha give you, asking you to commit the following crimes and surround the Jinong Department?"
Qataiji also laughed when he heard this, and then suddenly suppressed his smile and said coldly: "Boshu Ketu, I would like to teach you that Chechen Khan has begun to convene the Kuritai Conference to discuss whether to depose your Jinong. position! Although the conference has not yet been held, he has decided to suspend your power to support farmers. I am here with the order to bring you back to Huacheng and wait for the conference to be held! "
The expressions of Boshu Ketu and even the veterans around him changed dramatically. Boshu Ketu said angrily: "I have not only been serving as a farmer in the Ordos tribe for a long time, but I am also the deputy khan of the Great Mongolia. How could it be that he mentioned Han Naji?" If you waste it, you can waste it!"
"Jinong" is the transliteration of the Mongolian Jinong. It was translated as "Jinang" and "Jineng" in Chinese books of the Ming Dynasty. It is a Chinese loanword derived from the word "King of Jin" in the Yuan Dynasty (Note: In fact, it was during the Tatar and Qing Dynasties It is translated as "Jinong", but in this book it is called "Ji Nong" to adopt a well-known usage).
After Kublai Khan came to the throne, he abandoned the old capital of Mobei, Halahalin, and built Dadu and Shangdu as the two capitals of the Yuan Dynasty. Although the Great Khan and the Khan's court left Mobei and the political center of the Yuan Dynasty moved southward, the hinterland of the Mongolian Plateau, as the place where Taizu Longxing was located and where the four great offices of Genghis Khan were located, was still the fundamental place of Mongolian rule.
In order to strengthen his rule over the fundamental land of Mobei, Kublai Khan implemented a system in which princes guarded Mobei and ruled on behalf of the Great Khan. In the third year of Zhiyuan (1266), the second son Namuhan was granted the title of King of Beiping (later changed to King of Bei'an) to control Lingbei.
After Namuhan's death, in the 29th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1292), Liang Wang Gan Mala was renamed King of Jin, and he controlled Mobei. He "commanded Taizu's four great offices, military horses, and Dada territory." All the kings of Mobei Thousands of households are under its control.
In this way, a pattern was formed in which the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, who was also the Great Khan, ruled the world from both capitals, and the King of Jin went out to control Mobei, representing the Great Khan to guard the four great offices of Genghis Khan and control the thousands of households in Mobei.
After Gan Mala's death, his son Temu'er succeeded him as king of Jin. After Chengzong's death, Yesun Tiemu'er ascended to the throne of emperor with the powerful military power of Mobei and became Emperor Taiding. After Emperor Taiding came to the throne, his second son, Mayi'erjian, was granted the title of King of Jin and guarded Mobei.
In the battle between the two capitals in the first year of Yuan Zhihe and the first year of Tianli (1328), Mayi'er Jianbu, who was in Shangdu at that time, was killed. Since then, the Jin kings have ended their rule over Mobei.
The King of Jin in the Yuan Dynasty had long commanded the four great offices of Taizu Genghis Khan and was responsible for presiding over Genghis Khan's sacrificial activities in Mongolia. After the Yuan Dynasty moved north to the grasslands, the old Mongolian system that was adapted to the nomadic economic base was gradually restored. By the Dayan Khan period, Mongolia had formally established a farming system and a left-right system.
Under this system, the Great Khan, as the supreme leader of the Mongolian regime, commanded the left-wing ministries and had tens of thousands of households stationed in Chahar; Jinong, as the deputy khan, commanded the right-wing ministries and directly owned ten thousand households in Ordos where Genghis Khan’s Eight White Chambers were located. , responsible for the guarding and sacrificial activities of the Babai Chamber.
It can be said that the Mongolian farming system of the Ming Dynasty was an inheritance of the system tradition of the Yuan Dynasty, in which princes represented by the King of Jin guarded Mobei and ruled on behalf of the Great Khan.
In fact, the economic development of Mongolia in the Ming Dynasty can be traced back to the period of Tuo Tuo Bu Hua, the head general of Dai Khan, who was established by Tuo Huan, a noble of Ou La, and supported by Ye Xian and his son. The first person with the title of "Jinong" in the records so far is Dayan Khan's great-grandfather Agabarji, who is also the younger brother of Dai Zonghan Tuotuobuhua.
There is a record in "The Origin of Mongolia": "Taisongtai Ji established himself as Hehan in his own year. He was 18 years old at the time, and he granted the title of 17-year-old Aheiba'er only as auspicious bag." Among them, Taisongtai Ji made himself Hehan. Mr. Jijidai Khan took off his clothes without flowers, and Aheibaer was only Agabal Jijinong. Agabarji was granted the title of Jinong and was sent to the right wing.
However, according to Mongolian historical records, at the critical moment when the conflict between his brother Totuo Tuohuahan and Yexian intensified and both sides resorted to force, he was confused by the Oara nobles' plan to sow discord, betrayed his brother Khan, and defected to the Han Dynasty. He died first, causing Tuotuo Buhuahan to be alone and defeated. Agaba Ji Jinong was subsequently killed by Ye Xian, and his son Hargu Chuk Taiji was also killed on the way to escape.
The second person with the title of "Jinong" found in records is Bayan Mengke, the grandson of Agabar Ji Jinong and the father of Dayan Khan. He is also called Polohu Jinong in Mongolian historical records. In historical materials, there are many names such as Polohu, Polo, Polo and so on.
According to Mongolian historical records, Bayan Mengke was the posthumous son of Harguchuk Taiji and was born to the daughter of Yexian. When he was three years old, he was sent to Eastern Mongolia and stayed at the young master's residence of Aluo Chu. Later, Aluo Chu's daughter married him. Read
According to Chinese historical records, in the sixth year of Chenghua (1470), Polohu led his troops to join forces with Aluo Chu's young division who went in and out of Hetao. They lurked in the Hetao and appeared on the border. When they were close to Polo, they led poor bandits to cross the river on rafts and merged into one. The bandits became more powerful." The Polo here is Polohu.
Bolohu and Aluochu also jointly sent envoys to pay tribute to the Ming Dynasty. Polo is the son-in-law of Aluochu. It can be seen that Polohu and Aluochu united through the traditional method of concluding marriage among nomadic people and "become one". However, in an environment where the plateau was rocky, heroes competed for the throne, various tribes clashed, and there were turmoil and disputes, the alliance between the two sides did not last long.
In the seventh year of Chenghua (1471), Boluohu formed a new aristocracy, and joined forces with the powerful nobleman Ji Jiasilan of a different surname to drive Aluochu out of Hetao, annexed some of Aluochu's subordinates, and gradually became stronger. After that, Boluohu acted together with Jasilan and Mantulu, and continued to plunder the Ming Dynasty border on a large scale.
In the eleventh year of Chenghua (1475), Jia Silan "discussed with others that he wanted to make Prince Poluhu the khan and give him his daughter as his wife. Because he wanted to establish himself as the grand master, Boluhu did not dare to do it, so he let him Shumantulu”. Polo suddenly gave up the position of Khan, and together with Baideng Jasilan, they supported their uncle Mantulu as the Great Khan.
After Mandulu came to the throne, he was granted the title of Jinong, and he was called Boluohu Jinong. "Thus, the ancestors and grandsons of Mandulu Hehan and Boluohu Jinang reached an agreement and jointly managed 60,000 households."
Polo Hu Jinong tried his best to assist Mandu Luhan and revive the rule of the Golden Family, which was quite successful for a time. However, the situation that the Great Khan and Jinong's ancestors and grandsons worked together to rule did not last long. Because for the powerful ministers of different surnames who were accustomed to exercising power, they did not want to see the revival of the rule of the Golden Family, so they deliberately tried to destroy the unity between Mandulu Khan and Polohu Jinong.
At that time, Agarbar Jijinong was instigated by the Oara nobles to betray his brother and join forces with the Oara. As a result, the Great Khan was defeated and Jinong himself was killed. Now, under the strong instigation of nobles with different surnames, the conflict between Mandu Luhan and Boluohu Jinong soon intensified.
In October of the twelfth year of Chenghua (1476), "Mandulu and Jasilan killed Boluohu, Mandu Zhiyuan, Mengke and other three people." Boluohu Jinong was killed and his tribe was annexed.
Scholars of later generations once spoke highly of Polohu Jinong, "He obviously led a quite powerful tribal group. He was the first person since the early Ming Dynasty to command a powerful Taiji without being restrained by others. Although he failed in the end , but his knowledge and talents were obviously superior among the main Mongolian feudal groups in the Ming Dynasty."
Under the management of Mandu Luhan and Boluohu Jinong, the Golden Family initially revived, laying the foundation for Dayan Khan's resurgence.
So it can be said that before Dayan Khan, only the above two people had the title of Jinong. At that time, "Jinong" should be like Taishi, Prime Minister, etc. It was just a title, not a stable one. political system.
Jinong, as an important political system in Mongolia during the Ming Dynasty, was formally established or formed after Dayan Khan conquered the right-wing Mongolia.
After Dayan Khan ascended the throne, at the request of some right-wing nobles, he appointed his second son Ulus Borot as "Jinong" and went to the right wing. This may be Dayan Khan's first attempt to establish a farming system.
However, something went very wrong in this matter. When Ullus Bolote was holding the inauguration ceremony of Jinong in front of the Babai Chamber, he was assassinated by a right-wing nobleman with a different surname. This incident also became the direct trigger for Dayan Khan to conquer the right wing by force.
In the fifth year of Zhengde (1510), Dayan Khan achieved a decisive victory in his military conquest of the right wing through the Battle of Daran Trigon. Therefore, Dayan Khan re-announced the title of Khan in front of the Babai Chamber, and officially named the third son Balsborot as Jinong, commanding 30,000 households on the right wing.
"In response to the words, Hehan completely subdued the 30,000 households on the right wing, gathered and pacified the country of 60,000 households, re-announced the title of Hehan in front of the 800 tents of the Holy Lord, and issued a decree saying: 'Among my eleven sons, I ordered my eldest son Tieli Polo's son to inherit my position as Khan! The outstanding Balsu Polo once personally participated in the battle and regained the power of 30,000 households on the right wing for me, so I ordered him to act as auspicious on the right wing. bag".
In front of the Babai Chamber, Dayan Khan formally appointed Balsborot to "be a jinnang on the right wing" and to rule 30,000 households on the right wing as a jinong. This marked the formal establishment of an important political system in Mongolia in the Ming Dynasty - the jinong system. .
As for the power and status of Jinong, Wulan pointed out: "In the Yuan Dynasty, the emperor was in charge of the capital, and the Jin king guarded the Mongolian mainland, guarding Genghis Khan's four great offices; in the Ming Dynasty, the Great Khan was in charge of full power, Ji Nang was in charge of the right wing, and Genghis Khan was guarding Babai. The position of Ji Nang is equivalent to the deputy king of the Great Khan, in charge of the right wing, and is usually held by the son or brother of the Great Khan."
It can be seen that in the Ming Dynasty, Mongolian Jinong had three main powers: first, to be in charge of the right wing and coordinate the relations between various ministries; second, to guard the Babai Room and be responsible for Genghis Khan's sacrificial activities; at the age of thirty, he directly commanded ten thousand households in Ordos.
In terms of his political relationship with the Great Khan and his duties and responsibilities such as guarding Genghis Khan's Babai Chamber, Jinong is quite similar to the Jin Dynasty in the Yuan Dynasty. However, in terms of political status, it is obvious that Jinong in the Ming Dynasty is higher than that in the Yuan Dynasty. King of Jin.
In the Yuan Dynasty, the King of Jin guarded the Mongolian mainland as the representative of the Great Khan and guarded the four great offices of Genghis Khan; while in the Ming Dynasty, Jinong commanded the right wing as the deputy khan and guarded the Babai Chamber.
According to Dayan Khan's institutional arrangements, the Great Khan, as the supreme leader, lived in Chahar, with 10,000 households, and directly governed 30,000 households on the left wing. Jinong lived in Ordos, with 10,000 households, and was in charge of 30,000 households on the right wing. The Great Khan and Jinong served as the leaders of the left and right wings respectively. Therefore, in Mongolian historical records, the Great Khan and Jinong are both called the two masters. It is said that "there are two objects in the sky, the sun and the moon, and there are two masters in the earth, Hehan and Ji Nang." It can be seen that the status of Jinong is very high.
As for the selection of Jinong, later generations generally believe that the son or brother of the Khan was appointed. This was true before Balsi Borote. For example, Agaba Ji Jinong was the younger brother of Totuo Buhua Khan, and Balohu Jinong was the grandnephew of Mandu Lu Khan (Mandu Lu Khan had no heirs). Ulus Borot, who was killed on the eve of the war, and Bals Borot, who succeeded him, were both the sons of Dayan Khan.
However, after Balsborot, the election system of Jinong underwent a fundamental change, from the election system to the eldest son inheritance system, which was consistent with the implementation of the eldest son inheritance system for the Khanate.
After Balsborot, his eldest son Gunbilik succeeded as Jinong. After that, the position of Jinong was inherited by the eldest descendants of Gunbilik's line. In the original history, it was until the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty. In this period, In the book, of course, the current chapter ends with Bosho Ketu.
Boshu Ketu's words are not problematic in terms of the historical origins of the Jinan system. However, the situation in Mongolia has already changed drastically. Tuotuo did not have any special reaction to this. He just said coldly: "In the past, Xian Khan When the Ming Dynasty and the Jin Kingdom were established, your grandfather had no objections and led tens of thousands of households in Ordos to join it. Now, why should Hannaji Chechen Khan be treated as the Great Khan of the Ming Dynasty and Jin Kingdom?
As for you saying that he has no right to depose you as a farmer, this is even more ridiculous - the Kuritai Congress can even depose the Great Khan of Mongolia, not to mention you as a mere farmer! In addition, Boshu Ketu, I would like to remind you that I, Tuotuo, am a military commander. I am only here to act on the orders of the Great Khan, and I am not here to reason with you. It's not impossible for you to be reasonable, but I advise you to save some energy and talk about it at the Kuritai Conference! "
Boshuoketu was furious and was about to yell, but Qataiji had not finished his words before he shouted loudly: "Tuotuo is ordered by Chechen Khan to invite Jinong to the Kuritai Conference to reason. Is someone trying to stop me?!"
As soon as these words came out, the whole place was silent.
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PS: The history of Jinong mentioned in this chapter is intentional. In the subsequent plot, there will be two different stages that need to be based on today's explanation. Well... I think you can't guess my arrangement. ,hey-hey.
