The Drum Tower Campus in Kaiyuan City was bloody and bloody by the Jianzhou Left Guards commanded by Nurhaci. Fortunately, the number of people on both sides was limited, so the scale of the killing was not large. On the contrary, the situation outside the city at this time was even more cruel than inside the city. point.
The war outside the city and the war inside the city broke out at almost the same time. Cao Yu, the deputy commander guarding Liaoyang, was the main general of this battle. There was no doubt about this, but the deputy general was more unexpected, and he turned out to be Hadabele Menggebulu. .
Menggebulu attached great importance to this battle, because he had received Gao Pragmatic confirmation that as long as he won this battle, he could officially inherit the position and canonization of his father Wangtai (Wan Khan) in the Ming Dynasty, and legitimately become Hada. The only leader of the ministry.
This is something we can't be unhappy about, because Wang Tai used to be the number one younger brother of the Ming Dynasty among the Jurchen tribes. In the original history, when he died of illness, the "Ming Dynasty Records" described it as "died of illness" instead of "died of illness". Like the general Jurchen "captive chief", one word "death" can express it.
Wangtai's position and title are also extraordinary. He was conferred by Zhu Yijun as "Youzhu Kingdom, General Longhu, and Khan of Manchuria". Even his cousin De, who welcomed Wangtai into the Hada tribe in the early years, Hi, at that time they were all canonized as Baylor, the governor of the Hada tribe.
To be honest, Menggebulu himself did not expect that he would be able to "pacify the Khan of Manchuria". According to his thinking, it would be good to inherit his position - the original position of the Hada Department is the left guard of the Ming Pagoda Mountain. The highest is the Tashan Zuowei Zuodudu.
[Note: "Manchuria" is not a geographical term, but a tribal term. According to the "Records of Emperor Taizu Gao of the Qing Dynasty": "The word Manchuria originated not long ago and represents the names of tribes, such as Ruoshen, Wuji, and Jurchen, which are not place names."
According to the "An Examination of the Origin of Manchuria": "Based on the examination of national documents, the Manchu version is called Manzhu, and both characters are read flatly. When I came to the east of the country, Tibet presented alchemy books every year, and they were all called the Great Emperor Manzhu Shri. Translation The name is Manzhu, and the Chinese character is wonderful and auspicious...Today the Chinese character is Manzhou, because the meaning of the word "zhou" is close to the name of the place, so it was borrowed in the guise, and it became familiar. In fact, it is a tribe, not a place name, and it can be tested as a chapter."]
Regarding the history of the Hada tribe and matters such as the king's declaration as Khan, there are also some origins that must be explained, otherwise many issues will not be understood.
The Hada tribe belongs to the Nala clan, and their ancestors originally lived in the area around the Hulan River. In the fourth year of Yongle, the Ming Dynasty established Tashan Guards in this area, with Ta Cichi as the commander.
In the 11th year of the Zhengtong reign, Jin Shifu was commanded by the Tashan Guards, and there were many people under his control. "It is inconvenient to report the news, please set up a guard to seal it." , the Ming court agreed to analyze Tashan Guard and set up Tashan Left Guard. The left guard area of Tashan is from the east of today's Hulan River to the west of Yilan County.
The members of the Hada Tribe are from the Tashan Left Guards. Therefore, historical records indicate that the Hada Tribe and the Ula Tribe from the Tashan Guards have the same ancestor - Nazibulu (suspected to be the pronunciation of Tashan Guards). From the Sixth Transmission of Naqibulu to Soheite (i.e. Kesina), when he was the leader of the Tashan Left Guard, he was also called the "Left Commander of the Tashan Front Guard".
[Note: Later, the "Seal of Tashan Zuowei" was unearthed in Taonan County, Jilin Province, indicating that by the time of Suheite at the latest, Tashan Zuowei had moved from Tashanweidong to the south of Tashanwei, and was approximately located in Fuyu, Jilin Province today. , Nong'an County and the former Gorros Mongolian Autonomous County. ]
Suheite was the chief among the Haixi Jurchens in the early years of Jiajing, "all tribes feared him". But around the twelfth year of Jiajing, Suheite was killed by his tribesman Bada Darhan, and his descendants fled. The second son Wangji Wailan (ie Wang Zhong) led some of his tribe to flee to the Hada River (later Xiaoqing River, Xifeng County, Liaoning Province) area outside Guangshun Pass, where he was named minister and became the founder of the Hada tribe.
Guangshun Pass is also known as the "South Pass" [Note: It corresponds to the "North Pass" that Ye He took to enter Kaiyuan mentioned in the previous book]. The eldest son of Wangji Wailan, whose son was named Wan, was Wangtai, and fled to "Suiha City of Xibo Division", which was west of Jilin City in later generations.
Around the 22nd year of Jiajing, Wang Zhong, who moved to Guangshun Guandong, built another Hada City sixty miles east of Kaiyuan City, and then attached himself to the Ming Dynasty. At this time, Hada became the northern barrier of the Ming Dynasty, and gradually showed signs of strength. Both the Jurchen tribes and the surrounding Mongolian tribes respected it as their leader and paid tribute every year. Even the distant "barbarian" Jurchen tribes often send people to pay tribute to various products, claiming to be "an endless stream of foreigners."
In the 30th year of Jiajing, Wang Zhong killed the then Yehebel Zhu Kongge, and Yehe's land Jiba Taizhai and other thirteen cities were occupied by Wang Zhong, and a large number of imperial edicts originally belonging to Yehe's tribe were robbed - this is Hai. There are a total of 999 imperial books in the West, but the reason why Yehe, as a large tribe, only has more than 100 imperial books left.
Later, Zhu Kongge's son Taichu took over his father's position. In order to avenge his father, he madly harassed Hada and plundered the Kaiyuan and Chaihe Fort areas near the Ming Dynasty - so Taichu was later captured by Wangtai and sent to the Ming Dynasty for execution. Since then, the hatred between the two sides has accumulated deeply.
But in the same year, civil strife broke out again in Hada, and Wang Zhong was killed by rebel tribesmen. In order to avenge his father, his son Borkun and his clan brother Dexi went to Suiha City to welcome his cousin Wangtai back to head the Hada tribe. From then on, Hada began to grow stronger and established the powerful Hulun Four Kingdoms Alliance - in fact, it is an alliance of four countries, but it is not only the four countries, but also the Jurchen tribes such as Hada, Huifa, Yehe, Wula, Jianzhou Hunhe tribe, and some free tribes in Mongolia. Members of the alliance - thus ordering the Jurchen and Mongolian border tribes (including Xibo at this time). Since then, Liaodong has enjoyed peace in farming and hunting for more than thirty years.
In the third year of Wanli, Li Chengliang conquered Wang Gao. Wang Gao was defeated and defected to Wangtai, but was directly captured by Wangtai and sent to the Ming Dynasty for execution. It is precisely because of this incident that Zhu Yijun (in the original history, Zhang Juzheng was in charge at this time, in this book, Gao Gong is in charge) made the king's platform "Youzhu Kingdom, General Longhu", "Suppressing the Khan of Manchuria" " (called "Wan Khan" in Tatar and Qing historical records), Dexi was granted the title of Commander-in-Chief Beile of the Hada Tribe. All the four Hulun tribes in Haixi were controlled by him, and the power of the Hada Kingdom reached its peak.
As for the subsequent situation, it has been described in the previous article, so I will not go into details here. I will only add one thing, which is about the issue of surnames.
The Yehenala family is called "Nala with a different surname", so it must have a real surname or the same surname as Nala. As mentioned just now, the heads of Ula and Hada were originally from the same ancestor, and they were both "Naqibulu" "The descendants of.
The difference between Ula and Hada is that the Ula faction in Juhurun headquarters still uses "Nala (Nala)" as their surname to the outside world. Historically, descendants of the Tatars and later generations mostly have surnames such as "Na" and "Zhao". The Hada faction outside the Guangshun Pass of Kaiyuan Wei who moved south to northern Liaoning continued to use the old surname "Wanyan". The descendants of the Tatar Qing and later generations mostly used "Wang" and "Wang" as their surnames, and some also used "Na". , "Bu" and other surnames.
Therefore, Wang Zhong and Wang Tai are actually Wanyan Zhong and Wanyan Tai. There may be some "Ming-style transliteration" meaning here.
Speaking of which, the reason why Menggebulu did not dare to expect to succeed the so-called "Lord of Manchuria" was mainly due to his current limited strength: Originally, the Hada tribe had already shown a trend of decline in the later period of Wangtai's rule, and was faintly threatened. After Wangtai died of illness and Ye He attacked, the original "departments feared him" no longer existed.
There was also a big problem within Hada. First, Hu Erhan inexplicably went to fight with Nurhaci, the left guard of Jianzhou. As a result, Nurhaci didn't even show his face, and he was killed by Anfeyangu's small group of elites. He was beaten violently. After returning home, he probably became more and more angry because of his thoughts. In the end, he actually died.
Next came Hada's three points. Kang Gulu and Daishan (also known as evil merchants) each had their own strength. Meng Gebulu only managed to occupy an orthodox name with the support of his mother, Sister Wen, and the actual troops were relatively limited. ——His troops came from Sister Wen, who served as regent for a short period of time according to Mongolian and Jurchen traditions after Wangtai's death, and controlled some of the elites directly under Wangtai.
So in this case, Meng Gebulu originally thought that it would be good to be the commander of the left guard of Tashan. It would be better if he was the commander of the capital. As for the commander... he felt that it was basically a luxury, and "Manchuria" "Lord of the Kingdom" is even more unthinkable.
However, Gao Futai was extremely pragmatic and generous, saying that as long as he can perform outstandingly in today's battle, not to mention that the highest position of the Hada Department, "Tashan Left Guard and Left Governor" will still be awarded to Meng Gebulu, and even the Lord of Manchuria will also We can continue to let the Hada tribe inherit - that is, he, Meng Gebulu, inherits.
Faced with such a big pie falling from the sky, how could Meng Gebulu not be excited!
Meng Gebulu knew very well that normally, whether the Jurchen tribes could be canonized by the Ming Dynasty depends on their bloodline and their strength. There is no problem with his bloodline, but there is a big problem with his strength. If there is no accident, the Manchurian King will definitely have no chance. But now not only is there a chance, but the task does not seem to be difficult.
Although Ye He had 1,700 cavalry outside the city, they were leaderless. The two Baylors, each with his son and the leading general Bai Huchi, all entered the city. The 1,700 people outside the city did not have unified command at all.
Although he, Menggebulu, only brought a thousand cavalry to Kaiyuan, these thousand cavalry were the personal guards of the Great Khan of Wangtai in the past, and their combat effectiveness was the mainstay of the Hada tribe. It was his mother, Sister Wen, who specially sent him to Kaiyuan. What he brought to Gao Pragmatic for review - in other words, these were the most capable thousand cavalry.
Of course, since the Hada tribe was frightened by Ye He not long ago, Menggebulu actually felt a little weak just relying on these thousand cavalry. But at this time, there were three thousand elite Ming troops outside the city. Second only to Li Chengliang in Liaodong, Uncle Li was the servant of Cao Yun, the deputy commander-in-chief of Liaoyang. Now Meng Gebulu became bolder.
Not to mention that there are still 3,000 people from Fubiao, Liaodong, in Kaiyuan City at the moment. Two thousand of them are cavalry. They are the absolute elite of the Allied Forces that defeated Tumen and Huahua half a year ago. Now they can only wait for Ye He Erbeile in the city to be crowned, and they can come at any time. You can go out of the city to help in the battle.
Humph, with the Ming Dynasty’s father’s heavenly troops pressing down on the enemy, who would I, Meng Gebulu, be afraid of?
The battle outside the city started simultaneously after the cannon fire inside the city.
Cao Yun's three thousand servants have already replenished their horses with the support of Gao Pragmatic (after he was imprisoned, Cao Jian could not support these many people and horses, so he sold some of the horses), and now he hopes that this battle will make a big difference and be useful. The imperial court paid back the interest-free loan given by Gao Futai, so the battle was particularly vigorous.
The temporary station of Ye He's cavalry was in the north of Kaiyuan City. At this time, Cao Fan and Meng Gebulu had already quietly surrounded it. Among them, Cao Fan's 3,000 troops were responsible for the west and north sides, and Meng Gebulu was responsible for the west and north sides. To the east and south is the north gate of Kaiyuan City, so it doesn't matter. Ye He's cavalry can't get in anyway - not to mention that the Liaodong Fubiao cavalry may come out of Kaiyuan North Gate at any time.
With four thousand encircling and suppressing one thousand seventeen, the Ming army had a clear advantage in strength, and in terms of desire to fight, the Ming army was now crushing Ye He's cavalry: Cao Yu was eager to win this battle because he wanted to prove himself to the court. Ability, but also want to earn rewards and repay money. If you don’t work hard now, when will you work hard?
The servants also know that this battle is of great importance. From now on, whether they will eat well, drink spicy food, or drink cigarettes depends on today's battle, so it is no longer a matter of working hard for them. At this moment, it doesn't matter whether they work hard - the servants are different. Guard soldiers, it is really better to escape than to die in battle, at least the reward for death in battle is very generous, but to escape, if you can escape, the monk cannot escape the temple, and your family is all at the master's house, including your wife, children, parents, and even your younger brothers and sisters. Don’t you want to raise it yourself?
The situation of Ye He's tribe was the other way around. When the cannons in the city were fired, the cavalry of Ye He's tribe outside the city were startled at first. They didn't know what was going on in the city. Then they thought about it. It might be Ming's habit of showing off their military skills. After threatening the two Belles, they felt relieved and continued to cook rice - they originally thought they could follow them into the city to have a meal, but now that the governor of Liaodong couldn't eat the food, of course they had to cook it themselves.
However, before they could prepare the meal, Cao Yun and Meng Gebulu came unexpectedly to kill them.
Cao Yu's Western Route Army, led by his younger brother Cao Jian, who was on the expedition, came from the west, Menggebulu's thousand cavalry came from the east, and Cao Yu himself led an army directly from the north.
Looking at the encirclement of these three parties, there was no way to survive, and we knew that the purpose of the Ming army in this battle was not to defeat, but to completely annihilate them.
The reaction of Ye He's cavalry was not too fast. After all, they did not expect this to happen at all, but they were not too slow either. After all, the appearance of the Ming army might make them hesitate, but the appearance of Meng Gebulu did not. What's the controversy - Ye He and Hada have long been enemies!
The enemies were extremely jealous when they saw each other. Ye He's cavalry shouted and found their own mounts, got on their horses and began to fight.
However, due to the lack of a leader, the performance of the elite of Ye He's tribe at this time was not very good - most of them subconsciously went directly to fight Meng Gebulu, while only a small number of Ye He who were too close to the west and north sides The cavalry had no choice but to resist Cao Yun and Cao Jian's offensive.
The situation soon became uncontrollable. Although Menggebulu's side was in a hard fight, the Hada cavalry, under the pressure of Daming's father, was more than twice as effective as when they faced Ye He alone. Facing them Ye He's cavalry, who came to kill and had no fewer troops than them, were not afraid at all. The two sides fought evenly, and even under Meng Gebulu's personal leadership, they gradually gained a slight advantage.
As for Cao Yun and Cao Jian, Meng Gebulu held back their hatred and almost formed a huge advantage of four against one. They quickly broke through the obstruction of Ye He's scattered cavalry and completely surrounded the main force of Ye He's cavalry.
At this time, Ye He's cavalry had lost more than 300 people, and more than a thousand cavalry were compressed in a very cramped farmland. At this time, the land in northern Liaoning had not yet thawed. It was said to be farmland, but it was not flat land. How much difference.
The Ming Dynasty's father began to show his advantages. After Gao Pingshi took office, the Wanli Type 1 musket (short-barreled lance style) that Gao Pragmatic replaced for Cao Yun's troops once again showed his domineering power. Although it was difficult for the cavalry to fire any volleys, Cao Yun's cavalry at this time However, Yan began to practice a new set of tactics he learned from Ma Dong: wall push.
The wall cavalry charge is considered a classic move of the French later. Although Gao Pragmatic only knew its form, he had real cavalry experts under his command, so after many discussions with Ma Fang, Ma Fang asked Ma Dong to test one. The new tactic is to use the "wall type" proposed by Gao Futai, that is, to advance slowly in a dense formation, and during the advancement process, it is divided into several rows, showing an overlapping and advancing trend. When each row turns to the front row, according to the Orders were given to fire simultaneously.
This tactic has relatively large limitations. For example, overlapping advancement will reduce the density of the formation, and the slow advancement of the cavalry is not conducive to the accelerated charge and engagement in the later stage.
However, the Wanli Type-1 musket at this time has comprehensive advantages in four aspects: range, accuracy, loading speed and lethality, which can greatly make up for these limitations, making this tactic difficult to use frequently, but as long as there is a chance to use it, The effect is still barely noticeable.
Ye He's cavalry soon got a taste of the power of the "musketeer wall advance". They originally planned to countercharge as a team, but they were knocked upside down by three waves of salvos while still forming a team. At least more than a hundred people (cavalry) lost their combat effectiveness. , or was shot dead on the spot, or fell off the horse and his life or death was uncertain.
Without the training and battle formation methods that Nurhachi learned from Li Chengliang and the bonus of the Eight Banners system, the Jurchens would have no advantage against the Ming army's strict military formation war. Ye He's cavalry was already leaderless, and now it was even more The fight was so complete that there was no organization. Everyone was so anxious that they didn't even care about forming a team, and they were fighting alone in twos and threes.
Some of the brave ones shouted directly to charge towards the Ming army - well, now they can only charge individually; some of the timid ones were even more unbearable, and either subconsciously retreated, or simply turned their horses' heads and charged towards the Hada cavalry. Go, hoping to break through the siege of the Hada tribe and escape.
In their minds, the fact that the Hada tribe was the defeated general did not mean that they were brave enough to attack the Hada tribe's cavalry. It was much easier to attack the Ming army's servants who were advancing like a wall. This was also one of the advantages of the wall cavalry. It looks like it is "untouchable". For this point, you can refer to the Iron Float Pictures from the heyday of the Jin Kingdom.
However, Meng Gebulu was already jealous at this time. Seeing victory in sight, the "Lord of Manchuria" was already beckoning to him. How could he tolerate falling short?
He shouted angrily at that time: "Hatha warriors! Revenge, just today! Kill me——"
"kill!"
"kill!"
"kill!--"
Even Cao Yan was startled by the sudden burst of hatred from the Hada cavalry, but after all, he was a veteran general with rich battle experience. At first glance, Meng Gebulu himself was charging ahead with three layers of armor. , how could you miss such a good opportunity?
"Daming——Wan Sheng!"
Cao Yu shouted: "Change the formation—charge the formation! Kill!"
"Daming——Wan Sheng! Kill!"
The surging Ming army cavalry launched a general attack at this moment.
This piece of fertile land will soon be completely covered with blood...
