Chahanhot, the current "capital" of the "Great Mongolia".
This is also a city, an earth city. This city is not big, just a little bit better than Tuotuo City, certainly not as big as Dabansheng City, and not as good as Guihua City.
But it is still the capital of the Great Mongolia, because the Khan of the Great Mongolia, Zasaktu Khan Tumen, is stationed here, and the Chahar tribe, known as the "Central Chahar Ten Thousand Households", is also here. 's guardian.
Regarding the meaning of "Chahar", according to Mongolian literature, "Chahar" is an ancient Turkic language, meaning "guard of the Khan's palace", and its full name is "Haochen Chahan'er". Its name in Mongolia The origin is that Genghis Khan's youngest son Tolei and his wife instigated the people of Luheteni.
Chahar should be said to be a very special part among the Mongolian tribes. His subordinate body began with Genghis Khan's establishment of the Qixue Army, which is the standing imperial guard. After the death of the Qixue system, it was revived during the Dayan Khan period in the Northern Yuan Dynasty, and the Great Khan's Guard Army, the Chahar Department, was established. In the original history, after Lin Dan Khan failed to resist the Jin Dynasty, the Chahar tribe dispersed and declined.
Genghis Khan's Qixue Army was a gathering of the best of the Mongolian nation at that time. According to Genghis Khan's will, they were selected from the sons of the heads of ten thousand households, the heads of thousands of households, the heads of hundreds of households, and the sons of free men with good conduct, strong martial arts, and dignified appearance. The Great Khan protects the pro-army composed of people. In the war, the Qixue army had extremely strong combat effectiveness and was the mainstay of Genghis Khan's army. They were strong and strong, invincible and invincible. They unified all Mongolian tribes for Genghis Khan, conquered Khwarezm in the west, and conquered Xixia and Jin Dynasty in the south. Established immortal achievements.
Although the Qixue system has long since passed away, the spirit of the Qixue army has long become an important part of the core spirit of Mongolian culture. It was inherited and carried forward by the Great Khan's Guards established by Dayan Khan. This is how the Central Chaharwan was established. The emergence of households. The Great Khans of the Northern Yuan Dynasty, Totuobuhua, Mandulu, Dayan Khan, etc., all directly ruled Chahar households.
In the early years, after the Mongolian Western Expedition, the Chahar tribe was originally stationed in the Altai Mountains. Later, Dayan Khan reunited the various Mongolian tribes and divided the feudal tribes to rule sixty thousand households on the left and right wings. At that time, Dayan Khan was stationed in Chahar. He was the head of the 30,000 households on the left wing and commanded all Mongolia.
The Great Khan directly commanded the Chahar households. Therefore, the Chahar tribe became the orthodox suzerain tribe and the center of the Mongolian tribes. Its Khan was the "co-lord" of the Mongolian tribes. The Chahar lords were hereditary to Mongolia. Since then, there have been six major Khans in the original history.
In the late Ming Dynasty, due to the continuous internal strife of the Tumote tribe, the Chahar tribe once dominated Monan. After the rise of the Later Jin Dynasty, Nurhaci used force attacks and political co-optation to divide and disintegrate the various Mongolian tribes. Aohan, Naiman and other tribes from Chahar Ten Thousand Households successively surrendered to Houjin. When Nurhachi went south, Lin Dan Khan of Chahar fought a desperate battle with him until Lin Dan Khan was defeated and died in Dacaotan, Gansu.
The following year, his son Erke Kongol Ezhe led his troops to surrender under the siege of Houjin. From then on, Mongolia's orthodox khan power was seized by the Jurchens, and the Mongolians all over the world did not have their own nation's great khan.
At present, the Mongolians still don't know their "future" situation, and they don't have much respect for their own nation's Great Khan Tumen Khan, and they don't even have much goodwill. Including the Inner and Outer Khalkha tribes that were nominally obedient to Tumen Khan, in fact they often violated his will.
As for Tumut, it goes without saying that if it were not for fear of Anda annexation, the Chahar tribe would not have moved eastward.
It was not until the fourth year of Wanli that Tumen Khan used the "Five Rulings" system to slightly establish the authority of the Great Khan. By the way, I was disgusted and had to send his eldest grandson Zalik to Chahanhot to do that. The so-called governance.
That year, Tumen Khan convened all the households in Eastern Mongolia to formulate the "Tumen Khan Code", which was promulgated throughout Mongolia. The five people who rule according to law are Huang Taiji who cuts off thousands of households in Ordos on the right, Huang Taiji who cuts thousands of households in Ordos on the right, Yasu Huoluo who controls thousands of households in Asut of Yongxiebu and Chibadu'er, and Zhali who controls tens of thousands of households in Tumote.
This move was intended to reunify Mongolia and restore the power of the Great Khan. Therefore, Tumen Khan was respectfully called Zasaktu Khan.
But, that's all. The five rulers in Chahanhot are just doing so much. In fact, there are not many things that require them to "govern".
In fact, if you think about it, you will know that the Mongolian habit, whether words work or not, first depends on the size of the fist. Among the five rulers, only the big-headed ones were from Chahar. The tribes of the other four are thousands of miles away, so they can't borrow them at all. , speaking naturally will have no effect.
Over time, the other four leaders basically collected their salaries in name, eating and waiting to die in Chahanhot.
As for his big hair, he was born in the Keshiketeng tribe, one of the eight camps of Chahar. This tribe was initially owned by Oqirbolot, the sixth son of Dayan Khan, and later became hereditary.
The Keshiketeng pastoral area is about 2,500 miles away from the Jizhou border wall. It can be seen that this department is probably located in the northernmost part of Chahar's grazing land.
"Keshike" also means "Qixue", here it means "on duty", and Keshiketen means "person on duty". Therefore, this Keshiketeng Department is the escort duty unit, which is on duty in shifts. The members of the guard army come from the sons of the heads of thousands of households and the heads of thousands of households. They have heavy tasks and high salaries.
By the way, this Keshiketeng tribe was loyal to all the great Khans of the Northern Yuan Dynasty. In the original history, after Ezhekongol paid the gold, Sharaleda, a descendant of Genghis Khan, led the tribe to pay the gold and became the last member of the Monan tribe. A tribe that brings gold.
Since he is loyal, Naomao Da's "work nature" among the five rulers is obvious: he is the spokesperson of the Great Khan.
For example, at today's meeting of the five ruling powers, the big brain's job is to try to get the Tumen Khan to obtain the legal name for the westward march to Tumut.
It stands to reason that as the Great Khan of all Mongolia, it should be reasonable and legal for Tumen to go to any place in Mongolia. Even if he has to take care of the face of the local lord, it should only require the consent of Zalik, who is here on behalf of Tumut. , he can go to Tumut.
But it's not.
If you look at the regions represented by the five consuls, you will know that except for Chahar’s Naomao Da and Khalkha’s Subahai, the other three representatives of Tumut, Ordos and Yongshebu are all from right-wing Mongolia. , before I died, they were all people who listened to my greetings.
But now, after Yongxiebu left a small number of his followers with Xin Ai, he has gone to Qinghai, which is thousands of miles away from Chahar. It is impossible for them to be afraid of Tumen, but because they want to fight with Wala When fighting with other troops, they must win the support of Tumut - because Tumut controls the mutual market and is their source of supply of various materials except cattle, sheep and horses, and cannot be offended at all.
As for Qieji Huang Taiji of Ordos, as mentioned before, he is Anda's great-nephew and the main figure who advocates for Ordos to obey Tumut's orders. The reason why he made this choice was, firstly, because Anda was powerful and prestigious, and secondly, because the power of mutual trade was in the hands of Tumut.
I have analyzed the situation in the Hetao before. Because there is a large desert in that place, the remaining land cannot be used for anything except grazing. Therefore, Ordos now needs Ming's supplies more urgently than Tumut, who owns Fengzhou Beach. Comparatively speaking, if there is no mutual market in Tumut, the population may drop by one-third, and Monan's hegemony may be lost. If there is no mutual market in Ordos, then everything will be missing except cattle, sheep, and horses.
They have been trading with each other for more than ten years, and it's like they have become accustomed to taking the big road. If they try to take the narrow path again, it will be difficult to move forward.
So when Zalik made a request to invite Tumen Khan to lead his troops to Tumut to "quell the rebellion", the two rulers of Ordos and Yongshebu, Huang Taiji and Huo Luochi, immediately opposed it, believing that the Great Khan should not It is not okay to lead troops into other tribes, no matter what the name is.
Of course the big brains representing the Chahar Ministry supported the Great Khan in going to Tumut to "quell the rebellion", so now the five-ruling meeting has a two-to-two tie.
At this time, Khalkha's Subahai became the decisive force.
Subahai came from the Taining tribe in Neikalka and had always been an effective accomplice of the Tumen invaders during the Ming Dynasty. It stands to reason that he should support the Tumen.
However, when it was Su Bahai's turn to speak, Su Bahai said expressionlessly: "I am opposed to it too."
Naomao Da's eyes suddenly widened, and he subconsciously asked, "What? Are you against it? What are you against?" For a moment, he thought he had understood it wrong.
Su Bahai was indifferent to Big Brain's surprise, and said again seriously: "I am against the Great Khan going to Tumut." He looked at the frowning Lalik, stroked his beard and said, "Tumute's matter , Thousands of households in Tumut should resolve it themselves... When did Altan ask us to ask about Tumut's affairs?"
Altan is Anda, and Anda naturally would not let others interfere in Tumote's affairs. He was the only one who interfered in other family affairs.
Although this sentence meant something, both Huang Taiji and Huo Luochi nodded in agreement.
Naomao said angrily: "Subabahai, are you confused?"
"I'm very awake." Su Bahai closed his eyes, leaned back slightly, and said calmly: "Instead of intervening in Tumut's family affairs, I would rather go to Liaodong to grab it... I got a tip, Ming People are hoarding supplies in Shanhaiguan. Judging from the scale, this batch of supplies is very large. I think it must be transported to Liaodong. If we can get it, this batch of supplies will be enough for us for several years."
Tumen Khan, who was sitting in the upper room and listening to the meeting, unexpectedly quickly defected to the meeting and announced the adjournment of the meeting with an ugly look on his face.
Returning to his "palace", Tumen Khan's face was livid, his eyes were bloodshot with anger, Naomao Da immediately followed in and asked cautiously: "Khan, what's going on with this old fox Su Bahai? Why did he oppose the Great Khan's westward march to Tumut? Did someone bribe him?"
"No one bribed him, he was just making his own little calculations. Huh, this short-sighted guy!" Tumen Khan gritted his teeth and said: "He is just afraid that if I can go to Tumut today, I can go to Karkar tomorrow. Well, then he will no longer be dependent on me, but will have no choice but to take refuge in me! None of these people take the interests of all Mongolia seriously!"
The truth is good, but... this is a chronic disease of Mongolia. It has been like this since Genghis Khan. The feudal system can only cause division, not unity. Later, Dayan Khan unified again, but the result was another enfeoffment...
If we must say that Dayan Khan's unification has any significance, it is probably the abolition of the Taishi system. From then on, the enfeoffment will basically only be divided into the Jin family and the Jin family. This can be regarded as eliminating the opportunity for powerful officials with foreign surnames to take power. Bar.
But in fact, isn’t Dayan Khan the person who caused “Taiji to be as numerous as dogs and lords to roam everywhere”? Who knows how many descendants of Genghis Khan there have been over the past few hundred years. Although there were many clans in the Ming Dynasty, they were only raised and supported. The descendants of the Jin family in Bo'er had to be enfeoffed, and they all needed tribes and pastures.
Making small calculations? Isn't that a matter of course?
I am only the master of one department, not the master of all Mongolia. You want me to consider all Mongolia? It's not impossible, then you give me the big sweat first.
Naomao sighed loudly: "I thought he was just greedy and really took a look at the supplies at Shanhaiguan."
Tumen waved his hand: "That reason may not be entirely false. Ben Khan also received a tip-off, saying that Jizhen and Liaodong were counting supplies and hoarding supplies... Don't tell me, this is really a bit weird. strangeness."
Naomao Da asked in surprise: "Is it true that a large amount of supplies are going to be sent to Liaodong? Khan, is the news about Shanhaiguan that Su Bahai received true?"
"So what if it's true?" Tumen sighed: "Now is not the time of the first year of Longqing. It will not be easy to be like that back then... Qi Jiguang and Li Chengliang are both difficult to deal with."
Speaking of what happened in the first year of Longqing, Da Naomao couldn't help but sigh and said, "It's so satisfying to think back on such a big victory back then."
What they were talking about has a lot to do with the changes in Jizhen's defense level over the years.
In the past, in the early spring of the forty-third year of Jiajing, Tumen Khan unsuccessfully attacked Shanhaiguan and other passes. Three years later, in the first year of Longqing, he finally succeeded. In the late autumn of this year, Tumen Khan's 100,000 troops demolished 29 sections of the Great Wall in Heling and other places that the Ming army had neglected to defend or simply had no defense, broke through the gate at Jialingkou, and captured Taitou Camp in one fell swoop.
After that, the Mongolian army divided its troops and went to Funing, Lulong, Changli, Leting and other counties to burn, kill and loot everywhere, and tried to capture and destroy Changli County. Changli County was besieged for four days, and the soldiers and civilians of Changli held on desperately to avoid falling.
In just a few days, more than 12,500 Li people were killed in Changli, Funing, Lulong, Leting and other counties.
After hearing the news, the imperial court urgently dispatched Wang Zhidao, then the commander-in-chief of Liaodong, to lead troops into Shanhaiguan, and together with the troops commanded by Li Shizhong, the commander-in-chief of Jizhen, intercepted and killed the Mongolian troops invading the border from the east and west, and sent Wei Xuezeng, the then governor of Liaodong, to Settled in Shanhaiguan to guard.
A few days later, the Mongolian army broke through in the direction of Yiyuankou, where they demolished sixteen sections of the Great Wall and fled.
However, they were a bit unlucky. When they fled to Bangchui Cliff, they got lost in the heavy fog, their horses stumbled, and many of them fell into the deep stream.
At that time, the new king came to the throne, and it happened that Xu Jie began to suppress Gao Gong within the court. However, Xu Jie was just a bureaucrat, had a way of fighting for power, and hardly paid attention to side affairs, so there is no need to say more about the combat effectiveness of the Ming army. Therefore, many did not dare to fight during the real war, but after the war, they fought for the heads of the Mongolian soldiers who fell from Bangchui Cliff to report their merits.
However, this battle still has a very important significance. It is the first joint operation between Liaodong Town and Jizhen, and the interaction between the two towns began. The meeting point that can closely integrate the defense of the two towns is Shanhaiguan.
During the Jiajing period, the Great Wall in Shanhaiguan and its adjacent areas was attacked many times and was in constant danger, so they were repaired one after another, but the architectural pattern did not change significantly. By the Longqing period, after the arrival of Qi Jiguang, the defensive buildings of the Great Wall in this area Major changes have been made to the facilities.
After Longqing succeeded to the throne, he basically followed Gao Gong's political ideas. In order to change the dangerous situation of Jifu area that was repeatedly invaded, he decided to call Qi Jiguang and Tan Lun, who had made great achievements in fighting Japanese invaders in the south, to organize border defense in the north. , training frontier soldiers.
In the summer of the second year of Longqing, under the strong recommendation of Tan Lun, the new governor of Jiliao, the imperial court appointed Qi Jiguang, who had garrisoned in Ji Town several times when he was young, as the governor to train with the prime minister in the three towns of Jizhou, Changping and Baoding. Later, he appointed He served as the local commander-in-chief guarding Jizhou, Yongping, Shanhai and other places.
Therefore, with the support of the imperial court, Qi Jiguang began to vigorously repair the Great Wall fortifications in Ji Town on the basis of reorganizing and training the border troops.
During the Jiajing period, many beacon piers and abutments were built on the Great Wall in Xuanfu and Datong areas during the renovation, but no piers and abutments were built on the Great Wall in some dangerous areas of Ji Town during the renovation.
Therefore, Qi Jiguang advocated that major changes should be made to the Jizhen Great Wall when it is renovated: first, the original side walls should be heightened and thickened, crenels should be set up on both sides of the wall, and heavy walls should be built in extremely important areas; A hollow enemy tower was built on the line as a defensive fortress for the border troops to garrison.
Prior to this, small masonry platforms were built along the Great Wall in Jizhen, but there was no close connection between the small platforms, and the platforms were very small, making it difficult to shelter soldiers and store weapons and equipment, so they were of little use in actual combat. . Qi Jiguang decided to "build high platforms and build huts to house firearms" and decided the location and form of the enemy towers based on the terrain.
He believes that the distance between enemy towers should be based on the topography, whether close or far. One tower should be built at tens of steps or 100 steps in critical areas, and one tower should be built at 140, 50 or 200 steps in secondary areas. The two towers should correspond to each other. Cooperate.
At the same time, an enemy platform that is useful in actual combat should generally be three to four feet high, with a surrounding area of 12 to 17 to 17 feet; the platform base should be built with huge stones or bricks, the same height as the side walls, projecting about one and a half feet outward, and about one and a half feet inward. It protrudes more than half a foot; the platform is divided into three levels, with a void in the middle, arrow windows on all sides, and crenellations on the upper level.
Three to fifty troops were stationed at each station, and necessary equipment and food supplies were stored. Under the enemy's platform, there are also garrison troops who cooperate with the defenders on the platform to prevent the enemy from breaking down the wall and invading.
At that time, Gao Gong had returned to the court and the financial situation of the court began to improve, so he adopted Qi Jiguang's suggestion. However, because the finances had just begun to improve, he could not invest too much, so he reduced the number of enemy towers that should be built from 3,000 to 3,000. More than 1,000 seats.
Qi Jiguang and Tan Lun mobilized soldiers and began the project of overhauling the Great Wall. By the fifth year of Longqing, 1,017 enemy towers had been built, and the Great Wall along the way would be repaired as appropriate. At that time, under the personal supervision of Governor Tan Lun, the Shanhaiguan area also underwent major construction projects. Many enemy towers were built on both sides of the Great Wall at Shanhaiguan, especially Jiaoshan and Houjiaoshan.
Qi Jiguang guarded Ji Town, trained troops and horses, renovated the Great Wall, and built enemy towers. In addition, Gao Pragmatic provided him with new firearms illustrations at that time. Although there was no Jinghua military industry, Qi Jiguang built it himself, which also improved the defense capabilities of Shanhaiguan area. It was greatly strengthened, so that the Mongolian cavalry who came to invade no longer dared to attack the city easily.
As mentioned before, Gao Gong's northern border defense idea was "West to Huai East", so while allowing Qi Jiguang to overhaul the Great Wall in Ji Town, he also used the incident of Hannaji's surrender as an opportunity to complete the Anda tribute.
After that, although Tumen Khan and some troops from the Ulliang Hadoyan tribe still went to Shanhaiguan and some Great Wall passes near Shanhaiguan to spy on and invade, the dense enemy towers in this area made it difficult for them to get much advantage.
Chang Ang and Dong Fox of the Duoyan Guards, whose main activities were outside the Great Wall in Ji Town, led troops to invade Jielingkou and Taolingkou respectively in the first year of Wanli. They were both defeated by the Ming army led by Qi Jiguang and were pursued and suppressed; in the third year of Wanli, Chang Tu, Chang'ang's uncle and Dong Hu's younger brother, attacked Dongjiakou and was captured alive by the Ming army sent by Qi Jiguang to pursue and intercept him.
Chang'ang, Dong Hu and others had no choice but to release Chang Tu, promised not to violate the border, and restored the mutual tribute and trade relationship with the Ming Dynasty. Tumen Khan's Duoyan tribe, which he had finally obtained, began to be distant from him again, and he was so angry that he was investigating Hanhot cursed for several days, and no one around him dared to approach him easily.
After Anda Khan reconciled with the Ming Dynasty, Uliangha's Duoyan Guards did not dare to invade the border again. The main hostile force of the imperial court was the Tumen Khan tribe that invaded Liaodong.
At that time, Qi Jiguang gradually focused on guarding Ji Town in the Shanhaiguan area, mainly guarding Shanhaiguan, based on the principle of "West Huai East System".
In the twelfth lunar month of the sixth year of Wanli, the cavalry of Tumen Khan's tribe once again swarmed in and attacked Nanhaikou and Sieryu in Shanhaiguan.
Qi Jiguang commanded the troops to repel these Mongolian cavalry and rescued more than 2,000 men and women who had been looted by the Mongolian army.
At that time, Qi Jiguang saw that after the sea ice at Nanhaikou in winter, it was easy for Mongolian cavalry to rush through from the seaside, so he sent his generals to build a sea-facing stone city at Nanhaikou the next year to make up for this defensive loophole.
In the seventh year of Wanli, that is, in the winter when the Nanhai Port of the Shanhaiguan Great Wall entered the sea and the stone city was built, Tumen Khan once again led 40,000 Mongolian cavalry from Jinchuan Camp to invade Liaodong Town.
Qi Jiguang, who had learned about the military situation in advance, sent troops from Shanhaiguan and fought twice with Tumen Khan's troops in Gouerhe and Shihedou, forcing Tumen Khan to withdraw his troops hundreds of miles away.
This battle changed the situation in which the Ming army stationed outside Shanhaiguan had been passively beaten for many years, and further strengthened the integration of Jizhen defense and Liaodong town defense. It highlighted the important military position of Shanhaiguan between Jizhen and Liaodong defense areas. Suppressive effect. After the war, Qi Jiguang, who had been promoted to the title of Taibao of the Crown Prince and Governor of the Left, was promoted to Shaobao for his meritorious service in aiding the Liao Dynasty.
What Tumen said, "It's not easy to be like it was back then," was referring to this situation.
Because of this, even if he, like Su Bahai, learned that a large amount of supplies from Shanhaiguan might be shipped to Liaodong, he was not too tempted.
But now it seems that Subahai is really tempted.
Tumen Khan, the Great Khan of Mongolia, had a headache for a while.
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Thanks to book friends "The Little Man Making Houses" and "Sitting at the Door of the Tavern" for their monthly support, thank you! By the way, I found that when I write about plots that are not hot historical topics, my subscriptions will drop. I’m actually quite surprised by this. Is it really that enjoyable to watch the poorly written story about hunting wild boars? I’m not familiar with the point. But isn’t it actually a very crucial plot?
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