One of the main issues discussed when the four envoys of the Ming Dynasty, Dacheng Taiji, Zhongjin Hatun, and Qia Taiji met in Daban Shengcheng was when to hold the Kuritai Conference.
Of course, even if the Kulitai Conference were to be held, it would not be held in Daban City, but only in Guihua City. But looking at it on the other hand, before the Kuritai Conference to elect the new Great Khan, the appearance of Zhongjin Hatun and Chatai Ji in Daban Shengcheng has obvious political significance.
Kulitai, also known as Kuriltai, is also translated as Kuriltai. Its meaning in Turkic is "gathering", while in Mongolian Khural can be interpreted as "meeting". It was a political and military assembly of the Mongols, responsible for electing tribal leaders and even khans.
All the great khans during the Mongol Empire, such as Genghis Khan and Ogedai Khan, were elected by Kulitai.
However, it is still necessary to talk about the system of the Kuritai Conference, mainly to talk about the early events of Mongolia.
Genghis Khan Temujin had four legitimate sons, namely Jochi, Chagatai, Ogedai and Tole. Among the four people, Temujin's favorite was his youngest son Tolei because of his outstanding military exploits and strong military ability. However, Temujin did not pass the throne to Torre because of his love for him. Instead, he designated Ogodei, who was more capable of governing the country, as his successor.
In 1227, Temujin died in his tent at Liupan Mountain. At this time, if according to the tradition of the Han people, a country cannot be without a king for a day, his designated successor Ogedai should immediately ascend the throne. However, since the Mongolian tribal council system is still in effect, the Khan's throne will have to wait for the final decision at the Kuritai Conference. Decide.
So during the two years when the Khan throne was vacant, Tuo Lei supervised the country. It was not until the Kulitai Conference that Ogedai succeeded to the throne as he wished.
But the main thing that needs to be said here is that during the Kuritai Conference, there were serious disputes among Mongolian high-level officials. Some people advocated the election of Tuo Lei as the new Great Khan and opposed Genghis Khan's death. However, Chagatai fully supported Ogedai, and Torre was isolated, so he had no choice but to support Ogedai.
Wokuotai reigned for thirteen years and died of drinking in 1241. Although Guyu is Ogedai's eldest son, Ogedai does not like him. According to Wokuotai's original intention, he wanted to make his third son Wochu his heir. However, Wochu died in battle in his early years, so Wokuotai wanted to make Wochu's eldest son Shiliemen as his heir.
However, due to Wo Kuotai's sudden death, he did not have time to make a will. At this time, Guiyou was away on an expedition, and his eldest son, Shiliemen, was still young. So someone put forward a suggestion that Naima Zhen, the queen of Ogedai, should temporarily supervise the country, and wait for the Kulitai Conference to elect a new khan.
Queen Naimazhen supervised the country for five years. During these five years, in order to allow her son Guiyu to successfully inherit the throne, she gave excessive rewards and tried her best to win over the clan and ministers. After everything was ready, the Kuritai Conference was held in 1246.
At this time, Jochi's son Batu had the highest prestige in the army. When he heard that Guyuk was going to be elected as the Great Khan, he was very dissatisfied and refused to attend the meeting on the grounds of illness.
After Guiyou succeeded to the throne, he held a grudge against this, so he sent his troops to the west to attack Batu, which paved the way for Meng Ge to succeed to the throne.
Guiyou's life was not very good. He only reigned for two years and died of illness during the Western Expedition. The empress established Wu Haiwu and took over the throne. In order to fight against the Ogedai clique, Batu, as the king of Changzhi clan, invited ministers and tribal leaders to hold a Kuritai conference in his territory.
This was obviously "against the rules," so both the Ogedai and Chagatai factions refused to participate.
In this conference, Meng Ge, Tolei's eldest son, was elected as the new Great Khan at Batu's suggestion. However, because Ogedai and Chagatai refused to recognize it, Meng had no choice but to invite ministers and tribal leaders to the banks of the Onan River in Mongolia to hold another Mongolian Kuritai Conference.
During this period, Meng Ge's mother and Tuo Lei's wife instigated Luheteni to use Tuo Lei's reputation during his lifetime to win over the nobles of various clans. Finally, at the Kulitai Conference in 1251, Meng Ge successfully ascended the throne with the support of ministers and nobles.
Since then, the Khan position of the Mongol Empire has been transferred from the Wokuotai line to the Tolei line, and Daban also triggered the subsequent split of the Mongol Empire.
After the death of Meng Ge, the farce of the struggle for the throne of Khan once again occurred in the Mongol Empire. The protagonists this time are Meng Ge's two younger brothers: Kublai Khan and Ali Bu Ge. They are more powerful than the previous ones and have even developed to the point of fighting each other.
In 1259, Meng Ge died, and Ali Buge, who stayed in Mobei, tried every means to lure Kublai Khan back to the grassland and forced him to support him as the Great Khan. Then Kublai Khan did not submit, but in 1260, he took the lead in announcing his successor as Great Khan in Kaiping City.
A few months after Kublai Khan announced his successor as Great Khan, Ali Buge was also proclaimed Great Khan at the Kulitai Conference in Mobei.
As a result, there was a situation where the two Khans were competing against each other, and the Mongol Empire fell into a fierce civil war that lasted four years. Kublai Khan finally defeated Alibaba with the strong financial and material support from the Central Plains region.
However, after Kublai Khan's victory, the Kipchak Khanate, Chagatai Khanate, and Ogedai Khanate that supported Alibaba completely split from the Mongol Empire.
In 1271, Kublai Khan did not stop doing anything and simply imitated the political system of the Central Plains dynasty. Taking the meaning of "Great Qianyuan" from the "Book of Changes", the founding name of the country was Dayuan, and Dadu was determined to be the capital, and he officially became the emperor - not the Great Khan.
This series of events are actually related to the Kuritai Conference, and several key points can be discovered from these events:
First, the Kuritai Conference had the highest authority, at least in name, so that it could decide who would belong to the Great Khan.
Second, it is not that the resolution of the Kuritai Conference cannot be broken by force, but even if it is broken, the Mongols may not be truly convinced.
Third, the specific time for the Kuritai Conference is not clearly stipulated. Instead, the leader with a higher voice and stronger strength can call for it and contact various Mongolian ministries to hold it.
Fourth, before the Kuritai Conference is convened and the new Great Khan is elected, the widow of the previous Great Khan usually temporarily oversees the country as regent. The power held by this "mother of the country" who supervises the country is not much different from that of the Great Khan, and the same Has the power to convene and convene the Kuritai Conference.
However, this was no longer the early days of the Mongol Empire, and many things had changed.
The four great khanates are already a thing of the past, and the "Great Yuan Empire" has only one name left. More importantly, Tumut itself is only one of the six "30,000 households" set up by Dayan Khan. If you look at it from a theoretical perspective, It is said that the Great Khan of the Ordos tribe also has the title of "Jinong" on his head, which is equivalent to the "Deputy Khan" of Mongolia, and his status is still higher than that of Tumote.
Therefore, the Kuritai Conference of the Tumut Department is theoretically only a conference of their own department and cannot be extended to the whole of Mongolia.
However, there is a big problem here, that is, the power of King Shunyi to preside over the Tonggong Mutual Trade not only includes the border area between Tumut headquarters and the Ming Dynasty, but also includes Dongtao, Xitao and even Qinghai.
Therefore, Gao Pragmatic said that this Kuritai Conference should be a Kuritai Conference for all Mongolia and should not be limited to the Tumut area.
However, not only Qia Taiji clearly expressed opposition to his statement, Zhongjin Hatun also remained silent, and even Dacheng Taiji himself did not dare to speak for a long time.
Gao pragmatic looked at the three of them with a hint of ridicule: "Why, can't the three of you see the benefits of this matter?"
Qataiji immediately said: "To be honest with the imperial envoy, Tuotuo only knows that this is against the system established by Dayan Khan. In the words of you Han people, it is 'over the system' and is not done by a loyal person."
Gao Pragmatic looked at Zhongjin Hatun again. After all, Zhongjin Hatun was a pro-Ming sect and had to speak. He could only frown slightly and said: "In any case, when the Great Khan was alive, he did not want to completely break up with Tumen Khan." It means breaking your face."
Gao pragmatically did not answer, and looked at Bahannaji again. Bahannaji looked embarrassed and said hesitantly: "Imperial envoy, your wisdom is incomparable to mine. I can only see that doing this will Although I, Tumote, am not afraid of Tumen if he offends Tumen, Xin Ai's attitude is not clear yet. If I offend Tumen again... I really don't see any benefit, please give me some advice."
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