"As for the wind pressure of turbine machinery, we have always made manual calculations based on the plan."
"We also want to use computers to carry out simulation calculations, but there is no simulation system at all. The calculation of wind pressure of turbine machinery is a complex problem. Internationally, simulation systems have been available for a long time, but we have not yet..."
"So for now we can only do calculations manually!"
Zeng Haiyu found out that Wang Hao really didn't know, so he bit the bullet and explained. Of course they know that it is better to do large-scale calculations through simulation, but there is no corresponding system at all, that is, there is no relevant software.
This kind of software involves very complex mathematical problems and is very difficult to develop, but it can be made by more than just talking about it.
Zeng Haiyu's explanation made Wang Hao understand, and he found that his thinking was a bit simple.
Wang Hao generally knew how to calculate the wind pressure of turbine machinery. The main calculation difficulty was in the approximate calculation of fluid mechanics. But just like the space agency had a rocket simulation system, he subconsciously felt that research in the field of aerospace engines would also be possible. There are similar analog computing systems.
The two systems do not seem to be the same problem. In fact, the main difficulty involved lies in the calculation of complex equations.
The main problem in aero-engine manufacturing is that the research history is relatively short. Domestic research on aero-engines was only officially started thirty years ago.
The research method at that time was to draw heavily on the experience of foreign engines. It was even said that as long as it could be copied, it was a success, and there was no design problem at all.
It was only in the past ten years that research really involved design solutions.
When domestic self-developed aero engines have stable performance and can be assembled on high-end fighter jets, the stage of self-developed higher-end engines will truly enter.
When we reach the stage of self-developed high-end engines, we can no longer learn from foreign solutions, and only then will we have a new "structural design solution".
This is a rapid transformation process, and the accompanying system will naturally be imperfect.
The wind pressure calculation of turbine machinery involves very complex mathematical problems, which are not easy to rely on computer simulation calculations. At the Aero Engine Research Institute, even the development of simulation calculation systems is still in the demonstration stage.
Therefore, for several brand-new design solutions, manual calculations can only be used for comparison at this stage.
In fact, it is still a problem of self-developed high-end engines and the time is too short.
The aerospace engine company that has a monopoly in the world has a history of researching aerospace engines that can be traced back hundreds of years. Naturally, it has a complete set of professional systems. It had a professional simulation calculation system more than 30 years ago, specifically for the study of aerospace engines. And developed.
In China, the research time is too short, and some systems have not been able to keep up.
Wang Hao thought about it seriously and said, "If you want to determine which of your several plans is better, the best way is to use a large number of numerical values for calculation."
"Of course there is another way, which is to do derivation and comparison of solution set functions, but the difficulty is really too high."
"I don't know if it can be analyzed..."
He said shaking his head.
This answer made Zeng Haiyu a little disappointed. The institute debated several options, but their calculations could not draw a definite conclusion.
Now even Wang Hao, the first person in mathematics, can't do anything?
"but……"
Wang Hao's voice changed and he continued, "If it is to build a simulation computing system, I think we can study it seriously."
"This system should be very helpful for your research, right?"
Zeng Haiyu was stunned. He subconsciously asked, "Really?"
After he said that he felt he had made a mistake, he immediately said, "Professor Wang, I am not questioning you, but it is so surprising. If we can have a simulation system, we can think of several more solutions to calculate, and there will be no such thing in the future." trouble."
"The wind pressure calculation of turbine machinery is really important. With the help of the simulation system, the research of aero-engines can be shortened by at least three years!"
What Zeng Haiyu said was not an exaggeration at all, and was even a bit conservative.
There are three major difficulties in the research of aero-engines. One is to increase the pressure ratio inside the engine, the second is to enhance the high-temperature resistance of materials, and the last is to solve the problem of bearing capacity of internal components.
Improving the boost ratio inside the engine ranks first, and if you want to increase the boost ratio, you need to improve the boost efficiency of the internal fan blades. The design of the fan is crucial.
If there is a complete simulation system, it will be very important for the early design and later testing, which will greatly shorten the engine development time.
Generally speaking, the development time of top engines is calculated in years. A most advanced engine can be developed in ten years, which is already very fast.
With the help of a complete simulation system, early design and later experiments, it is no exaggeration to say that the research and development speed will be increased by three years.
Wang Hao said, "Professor Zeng, you don't have to be in a hurry to be happy, go back and discuss it first."
"We can indeed help develop a simulation system, but you also know how difficult it is and requires a lot of people to participate..."
"Of course, of course!"
Zeng Haiyu hurriedly said a few words, "We will cooperate on a project basis, and the cost..."
Wang Hao said, "If you are sure, I can send someone to talk."
After he finished speaking, he added, "Even if cooperation can be reached, the simulation system cannot be completed in a short time. I can also take the time to help you look at several options."
Zeng Haiyu was stunned for a moment, then smiled and nodded, "Okay, it's settled."
…
Zeng Haiyu cannot make a decision on a large-scale system project by himself. He has to go back to the research institute to discuss it with others.
Wang Hao just needs to wait for the news.
In fact, the screening plan problem Zeng Haiyu mentioned is not complicated for him. Of course, he will not slowly calculate it manually, but will do a mathematical analysis, and he will definitely be able to reach a certain conclusion.
But he didn't want to do it.
Even if the best plan is selected, it may not be the most suitable. As Zeng Haiyu said, they can come up with many plans. After deciding on a plan, they will make subsequent adjustments.
There will be a lot of calculations involved in the whole process, and you can't come to him every time you encounter a calculation dispute.
Therefore, the work is meaningless at all. It is better to directly study a simulation system and use computers to solve problems every time.
This is good for the Mason Number Laboratory. After completing the cooperation project with the space agency, they no longer have any big projects in hand.
Many people in the laboratory are 'idle', and researchers have nothing to do, which is not a good thing.
So Wang Hao simply offered to help build a simulation system. The core difficulties related to fluid mechanics calculations were no longer too complicated for him.
He completed the core mathematical problems and left the side work to others.
As for helping to select the best solution, it can be regarded as a 'gift' that comes with achieving project cooperation.
That's just a small thing.
Helping the laboratory find a project worth more than 10 million is a big deal.
"It's really not easy to keep a laboratory running, and you have to work hard to find projects."
Wang Hao sighed.
…
While Wang Hao lamented that his job was not easy, the focus of the global physics community was on CERN's particle collision test experiment.
This is the second test experiment, and the intensity is even higher than the first.
Research teams from thirty-seven countries participated in the experimental work, and a domestic team was also dispatched to participate in the subsequent experimental data analysis.
But the focus of international attention is on two independent research groups, one is Didier-Mayor's research group and the other is Gessner-Renier's research group.
Although CERN has not released definite news, many insiders know that two independent research groups will be responsible for the analysis of data in separate energy intervals.
The so-called independent energy interval is the data in the '183gev-187gev' interval.
Didier-Mayor's research group previously completed the data analysis of the relevant interval and obtained the confidence level of the existence of new particles in the interval.
Although the confidence level does not reach five standard deviations, as long as it exceeds one standard deviation, it is enough to indicate that the probability of new particles in the relevant interval is high.
After the particle collision test was completed, both research teams devoted themselves to relevant data analysis work.
There is strong competition among them, and everyone in the research team works very hard, hoping to complete the data analysis first and determine the existence of new particles.
In the end, Didier Mayor came out on top, perhaps because they already had relevant experience and completed all data work within the range on the fourth day after the initial data report.
They published the research results and confirmed news on the experimental team's webpage, "We have discovered the signal of the new particle."
"In the interval of 183gev-187gev, there is a new new particle. Through the calculation of experimental data, the confidence level of the existence of the new particle exceeds 7 standard deviations."
They even analyzed the new particles. "The new particles are likely to be a brand-new muon, with a mass about 500 times that of electrons."
In the physics community, for the discovery of new particles, the confidence level is more than five standard deviations. Seven standard deviations means that the possibility of discovering new particles exceeds 99.99999%.
This probability is really too high.
Two days after Didier-Maillor's research team released their research results, Gessner-Renier's research team also confirmed the existence of the new particle.
The standard deviation they calculated was '6.9'. They also believed it to be a brand new muon, and the calculation of the mass of the new particle was more accurate.
Gessner-Rainier said in an interview, "The new particle is a new type of pion with a mass 509.4 times that of the electron."
"It decayed very quickly, but we managed to capture the information."
"This discovery is very amazing, and it also means that in the future, more new particles may be predicted in advance through computational analysis."
"We believe that there will be more major discoveries in the future..."
After the two research groups successively identified the new particles, the European Organization for Nuclear Organization also released relevant research reports, confirming the existence of the new particles.
This is news that shocked the international physics community.
Although it had been estimated before, it was still surprising to see it confirmed. Many people have reviewed the research conducted by Wang Hao and Paul Phil-Jones.
They can calculate new particles in advance by shaping a new mathematical system for decay problems and combining them with the Yang-Mills equation for calculations.
This way is very incredible.
In the past, most new particles were discovered through the analysis of experimental data of particle collisions. The number of particles that can be predicted through research theory is very rare, and they are also very critical particles.
Such as the Higgs particle and neutrinos.
The Higgs particle and neutrino are both large categories of particles, and it is not surprising that they can be predicted through calculations. However, individual mesons are a small category of particles, and their role in the theory is extremely weak.
Now it can be predicted through calculation, which makes many physicists find it incredible.
Many physicists have begun to study the research results of Wang Hao and Paul Phil-Jones, and they have also become interested in the annihilation theory.
at the same time.
A large number of media at home and abroad have reported on the new particles discovered by the European Particle Collider experiment, as well as Wang Hao and Paul Phil-Jones' advance predictions of new particles.
Many reporters also went to Xihai University to interview Wang Hao.
It was very difficult for them to interview Wang Hao, but regarding the discovery of new particles, Wang Hao still made a public appearance. He explained the research, "Our research mainly revolves around the annihilation theory."
"I have always believed that there is an annihilation force, which can be understood as the squeeze of space, and our latest theory believes that the annihilation force has a higher dimension."
"Mathematically speaking..."
Wang Hao started a long speech related to mathematics, which also made some reporters who interviewed him recall the pain of the past.
They can only turn on the recorder to record, and there is no need to think about following and understanding.
After Wang Hao gave a brief explanation, he did not accept any more interviews.
Then Paul Phil-Jones took center stage.
Paul Phil-Jones is a full professor at the California Institute of Technology, but most scholars do not pay attention to him. He does not have the experience of being sought after by a large group of reporters.
Paul Phil-Jones couldn't help but feel an extreme sense of accomplishment. He said excitedly, "The basis of our research is that the annihilation force has a higher dimension. Or simply understood, the annihilation force creates the other three forces. .”
"It's a cause and effect relationship."
"The force of annihilation creates decay and is the source of other forces. Because of this..."
"The theory of annihilation is a theory that can achieve great unification. I think..."
The more Paul Phil-Jones talked, the more immersed he became, and later even expressed this, “Although string theory is also a unified theory, I think annihilation theory is correct, and many problems in string theory are just empty. imagination."
"The work I am doing now is to use the annihilation theory as the basis to create a new unified theoretical system."
"The direct result, as you can see, is that we can predict new particles, and we can also predict other microphysical phenomena in the future..."
"I believe that research on annihilation theory can provide theoretical support for particle collision experiments..."
…
Since the new particle was identified by CERN, more physicists are paying attention to the annihilation theory.
String theory scholars are not in a good mood because some mathematical systems in the research of Wang Hao and Paul Phil Jones conflict with string theory.
Now that their research is proven correct, doesn't it mean that the mathematical system representing string theory is wrong?
Even if it cannot be proven that all of them are wrong, some of them are hard to accept.
Princeton University.
Edward Witten was sitting in his office, watching Paul Phil Jones talk on the news, and even said, "Many problems in string theory are just empty imaginations."
Such words are so harsh!
If he hadn't actually seen the interview report, he wouldn't have believed that Paul Phil-Jones would 'rebel'.
How can it be!
That was Paul Phil-Jones, who was extremely loyal to string theory. He not only studied annihilation theory, but also spoke ill of string theory in front of the media.
This rebellion is so complete!
Edward Witten felt that he had nothing to say, because the other party's research did predict new particles, which meant that the main direction of the research was correct.
So, string theory is wrong?
He could not accept the conclusion that string theory was wrong, but he could not figure out how to refute it.
When Edward Witten was distressed, he discovered that he had received an email from the editor of Science magazine, inviting him to review professional papers.
He was really not in the mood to review the manuscript, but he still scanned the title of the paper, ""Analysis of the Big Bang Based on Annihilation Theory and String Theory"?"
"Annihilation theory combined with string theory?"
"What logic?"
Edward Witten was a little confused, but he became interested and immediately responded to an email, confirming that he would help with the review work.
He wanted to see what this research paper said.
