The ski resorts in Switzerland have not yet reached their peak period, so there are not many people.
Skiing was not cheap in later generations, and it was even more expensive at this time.
After all, the cute Einstein is still very young, and because the first to get the moon is closer to the water, and such a good ski resort is right in front of you, you can't help but come to ski every now and then.
If you don't do difficult moves, it is not difficult to learn skiing. In addition, Li Yu skateboarded several times when he was young, so he can quickly learn to ski.
They were skating happily when they suddenly saw an acquaintance - Wayne. He was the one who proposed the Wien formula for blackbody radiation, and then Planck added "-1" to the denominator based on his formula to come up with the correct blackbody radiation.
"Mr. Wayne, I unexpectedly see you here." Li Yu greeted him.
"It turned out to be Mr. Li Yu," Wein explained. "I own land in Bavaria and ski frequently. I heard that the snow in Switzerland is better this year, so I came here specifically."
Good guy, he turns out to be a big landowner.
Wien is also well-known in the German technology circle, and has a wide range of friends. Most importantly, he also has money. He often invites friends to ski in Bavaria or Switzerland.
At this time, there was a Dutchman traveling with us.
The Netherlands and Germany are bordering each other, and since the Netherlands is on the seaside, it is impossible to have skiing conditions, so you can only go inland.
In fact, before World War I, it was the era of real scientific globalization. European scientists did not have much concept of country at all. At most, there was a dispute between Britain and the European continent.
Later, the First World War was too tragic and the countries suffered too much losses, so they gradually developed hatred.
As for the world map of later generations, it was basically created through World War II. From then on, science, especially scientists, began to truly have national boundaries.
At least at this time, Dutch scientists and German scientists are still playing well.
Wien introduced Li Yu: "This is Peter Zeeman from Amsterdam, the Netherlands, the Nobel Prize winner the year before last."
Li Yu shook hands with him and said, "It's an honor to meet you!"
Peter Zeeman replied: "I am also honored to meet you, because in a few months at most, I think you will become the next winner of the physics prize."
Peter Seiman was Lorenz's assistant, and Lorenz's nomination of Li Yu seemed to everyone to be a certainty.
Li Yu smiled and said: "Who can say for sure what will happen in the future?"
In fact, the early Nobel Prizes did have many "small problems" in awarding due to their short creation time. Sometimes they were awarded too early, and later there were winners who deserved the prize more; The reasons are obviously not enough; the most troublesome thing is that we have to consider political factors and implement checks and balances among major powers.
A typical example of someone who treats people wrongly is Einstein. He won the Nobel Prize for his work on the photoelectric effect, but what everyone knows is the theory of relativity. Not many people know what the photoelectric effect is. Most people have a preconceived idea that he did it through the theory of relativity. Won a Nobel Prize.
The 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics was in a similar situation, awarded to Lorentz and Peter Zeeman for their explanation of the "Zeeman Effect".
In fact, the so-called explanation of the Zeeman effect is just a reason, because it is nothing at all in Lorentz's research.
In 1896, Peter Zeeman was studying the effect of magnetic fields on the spectrum of matter at Leiden University. It is not a new topic. Faraday studied it more than 30 years ago, but did not come to any conclusion.
Now that experimental equipment has improved, Peter Zeeman wanted to try it again, and he really discovered the phenomenon that the spectrum of sodium element splits into two parts in a magnetic field.
On a Saturday of that year, the experimental discovery was reported at the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences.
As a result, only two days later, on Monday, Lorenz called Peter Zeeman over and theoretically explained to him why the spectrum of sodium element splits in a magnetic field.
So with all calculations, Lorenz only spent two days on this matter, and it was still on the weekend.
As for Lorenz's explanation, it still starts from classical mechanics and can only explain the phenomenon of bisection. If the number of divisions increases, it remains unexplained.
Because this is a limitation of classical physics, the situation with more splitting numbers in the spectrum needs to be explained by the quantization of the electron orbital angular momentum, which was undoubtedly a difficult task for Lorenz in 1896.
In other words, although the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1902 was awarded for this purpose, it did not solve the Zeeman effect at all.
But Lorenz was a great god after all, because his research on the Zeeman phenomenon allowed him to obtain the charge-to-mass ratio of electrons earlier than Thomson, and he predicted that there would be a very small particle.
Later, when Thomson discovered the electron, it matched his calculations.
It can also be seen that Peter Zeeman was actually completely influenced by Lorenz - he won the award together as his assistant.
Lorenz was much better at this than some others later, and his level was really high!
Although Peter Zeeman is far behind the great masters in terms of physical intuition, he is still very humble. He said to Li Yu: "Professor Lorenz often mentions you. Last weekend he invited Professor Onnes and We had dinner with Professor van der Waals, and we almost kept discussing your various theoretical results. Of course, including the Star Wars book."
Lorenz, Onnes, and van der Waals are the famous three Dutch Musketeers of the Nobel Prize.
"It's a great honor to have these three professors remember me," Li Yu said.
Peter Zeeman immediately issued an invitation: "After reading some of your experimental reports, Professor Onnes and Professor van der Waals also deeply appreciate your experimental ability beyond theory. If you can go there in person, They will be very happy to visit Amsterdam.”
The distance between Berlin and Amsterdam is not far, so Li Yu happily accepted: "Thanks for the invitation, I will go to the appointment."
Peter Zeeman was very happy: "When you win the Nobel Prize, it may not be so easy to invite you again."
Li Yu smiled and said, "Then I don't dare to reject your requests."
The total number of opponents is four Nobel Prizes, and the lineup is too gorgeous.
Peter Zeeman immediately said: "After returning to China, I will notify several professors and send you a formal invitation letter!"
——
After a day of skiing, Li Yucai and Einstein set off home in the evening.
Watching them leave, Wien asked Peter Zeeman: "Who is that young man with Academician Li Yu?"
Peter Seiman shook his head: "I don't know them. They look about the same age, maybe they are friends."
Wien said: "When I was in Berlin, I heard Professor Planck say that there was a young man who was very outstanding recently. At that time, I thought it was Laue (the 1914 Nobel Prize winner in physics), a student at the University of Berlin, but we I meet him often, and Professor Planck will definitely tell me if he really is. Could it be that he is the person in front of me?"
"Excellent?" asked Peter Seeman. "What achievements has he made? Which university did he go to?"
Wien said: "I just heard Professor Planck mention it briefly, and the specific details are not very clear. But Professor Planck said that the young man, like Li Yu, proposed a theory that was subversive and almost shook the entire world. Physics community.”
"Oh!" Peter Zeeman also became interested. Physics has indeed been somewhat quiet in recent years, otherwise it would not be described by the big guys as a subject that "knows everything that needs to be known" and is "on the verge of death." In other words, Li Yu brought some freshness.
But Peter Zeeman thought carefully for a long time, and he didn’t know where else he could play the trick. “It can’t be that it explains the problem that my mentor, Professor Lorenz, was puzzled about that the ether is stationary relative to the earth, and then discovered and proved it.” ether?"
This is a super result.
Wayne spread his hands: "I don't know, I can only wait quietly."
——
After skiing, Einstein would definitely have to go to work. Li Yu was going to Berlin with this paper "On the Electrodynamics of Objects".
Since Einstein added Li Yu's name as the second author in the paper, Li Yu was definitely not allowed to sign it. If he wanted to publish it in a top physics journal, he still had to get Planck to sign it.
University of Berlin.
Li Yu entered the Department of Physics to look for Planck and found that he was in class, and it seemed that he had just started. Li Yu was afraid of being watched again, so he ran to his office and waited.
Planck is a very serious person, both in preparing lessons and attending classes.
He has rich teaching experience, beautiful writing on the blackboard, and clear articulation. It is said that taking his class is relatively easy. However, Planck's habit was to leave immediately after class, without giving students any time to ask questions.
In his opinion, he has made it clear enough. If you don't understand this, then go back and think about it yourself!
The courses Planck took also spanned a wide range of subjects, including theoretical optics, theoretical mechanics, electromagnetism, black body radiation theory, thermodynamics, and even the kinetic energy theory of the ether.
It takes six semesters to complete all these courses, which means that it will take at least three years for a student to take his courses. Except for geniuses.
Today Planck's course on electromagnetics is very difficult, involving Maxwell's theory and the derivation of many differential equations.
Dare to talk about Maxwell's theory in class, which is enough to show that Planck's mathematical foundation is very deep.
Because Maxwell was one of the few early theoretical physicists, his theory was indeed difficult.
As a physicist, Mai Dashen has a formidable mathematical background. His papers or books often contain various calculations, and they are very complex integrals.
Even his slightly "simpler" gas kinetic theory is full of appalling four-fold integrals. Integrals are within integrals, variables are connected to variables, and it is so densely packed that it is impossible to calculate further.
After such teaching is completed, it will be very difficult for students to digest and absorb it.
But after the big brother Planck finished the class, he picked up his lecture and left as usual.
The students below all looked at each other, dumbfounded.
It's very similar to the bible courses in later generations such as "Methods of Mathematical Physics" or "Functional Analysis". It would be better not to listen, and you will be even more confused.
What the hell!
The blackboard is full of mathematical formulas in front of them. The students do not have textbooks that are suitable for them, and they do not have mobile phones to take pictures, so they can only copy them bit by bit.
As Planck's assistant, Laue picked up the blackboard and erased a piece of it, and then wrote down his homework: "Remember everything and hand it in next week at the latest!"
The students cried bitterly:
"You wiped it too quickly, I didn't have time to copy it down!"
"Why is the homework about Maxwell? Oh my god, he's dead and still torturing poor me!"
Haha, it seems that students at this time will also ask the soul torture of future generations of college students when they study high school mathematics:
Some people are alive, but they are dead;
When some people die, they don’t want others to live! ! ! For example, Newton, Leibniz, Lagrange, Gauss...
Planck didn't care about this. As students from the best university in the empire, if they didn't understand what they were learning, it only meant that they were not qualified to graduate.
After returning to the office leisurely, Planck suddenly found Li Yu sitting on a chair reading a book.
"You got here pretty quickly," Plank said.
"Actually, I've been here a long time ago, but you have been in class, so I can only wait here," Li Yu closed the book in his hand and praised, "Professor is really a hardworking gardener."
Planck put the lesson plan on his desk, took a sip of red wine and said: "I'm not as laid-back as you. The German mark is miserable now. If you don't work more jobs, you won't be able to cope with life problems. I earn 4,400 per month. Mark's salary and 900 Mark's housing subsidy, if it were in pounds, I would probably wake up laughing in my dreams."
The devaluation of the mark did bring many problems to ordinary people's lives. Germany's financial problems were not completely solved until World War II.
Li Yu said: "Professors can definitely study economic issues such as inflation."
Planck poured red wine into another cup and handed it to Li Yu, "I don't have time to study economics at all. Besides, this is an issue that politicians need to consider."
Li Yu said: "The professor can only wait for the devaluation to continue."
Planck clinked glasses with him: "There can't be another tulip bubble in the Netherlands or a Mississippi bubble in France, right? If that happens, the whole of Germany will be ruined. I don't want this to happen!"
Li Yu said: "Although the stock market has nothing to do with mathematics, economics is full of mathematics. How many people who formulate economic strategies do you think understand the truth?"
"Oh!" Gangplank touched his head, "I feel like my head is hurting, please stop talking! Now I can only muddle along, let's drink this glass of wine first."
Li Yu couldn't say much. Although economics received great attention half a century later and was included in the Nobel Prize, at this moment, the kings still felt that it was more satisfying to directly control the economic lifeline.
Li Yu drank the wine in one gulp, then took out Einstein's paper and said, "Professor, I need to trouble you with something."
Planck glanced at the cover: "Einstein again!"
Then he looked through it and couldn't help but be surprised: "Oh my God, what happened in the past two years? Is there another young genius who will emerge besides you?!"
Planck was not a very radical person, but he did not object to young people being more radical. Historically, it was indeed him who reviewed Einstein's papers and submitted them to Germany's top physics magazine, "Annals of Physics."
At this time, Laue pushed open the door and walked in: "Professor, I have finished the homework."
"You did a great job," Plank said.
Laue asked again: "Professor, is my doctoral thesis defense scheduled soon?"
Planck replied: "It has indeed been delayed for too long, but you can prepare now. Professor Schwartz has just returned from Göttingen and can start his defense this afternoon, otherwise he may go to Munich again."
Laue was very happy: "I'll go back and prepare well!"
Planck spread his hands and said to Li Yu: "Look, something has happened again. I am so busy that I can only put this paper here for the time being."
