His younger brother, Harnad Bohr, was better at mathematics, but he still didn't believe it: "Mathematically speaking, it is almost impossible to control the error so small." Li Yu said, "But it will definitely be done, and it must be done. Otherwise, the two dark clouds Mr. Kelvin mentioned will not dissipate, but will become bigger and bigger." Bohr said: "Is this kind of micro-scale research the direction of physics?" Li Yu said: "Yes, And it’s a super big direction. Although it’s hard to believe, there is a minimum scale in this world. Not only can ropes not be subdivided infinitely, but neither can abstract time. I can only say that this is a road full of fog, but it is The extremely broad road cannot be reached for many years." Li Yu really wanted to say that there is a smallest road in the world.
"Resolution", but it's a bit hard to explain when you think about it. After all, there are no electronic screens yet. Bohr asked: "A road with no end?" Li Yu nodded and said: "Don't you think this is interesting?" Bohr was still young after all, and he just liked things that were a bit challenging: "It is indeed interesting. I like this kind of thing." It feels reasonable but awkward." Li Yu said: "Your metaphor is interesting. The theory involving microscopic things has just begun. In the future, you will find that not only microscopic theories, but also macroscopic theories may be full of reasonable and awkward things." Bo Er asked again: "When I was reading Mr. Academician's article, I saw that recently published astronomy content repeatedly mentioned spectra. And there are also spectra in microscopic research. When I looked at the spectrum of hydrogen atoms, I found that it is extremely complicated. Hydrogen is the simplest element, but the Balmer formula involved in it already makes people feel careless and confusing. What is hidden in it?" Li Yu sighed, it turned out to be one of the three giants, and all he asked was Cutting edge issues.
In fact, around 1900, there were not only two dark clouds in physics, but also four extremely difficult problems in classical mechanics that could not be solved. First of all, there was the famous black body radiation problem, and the other three were: 1. The spectrum of hydrogen atoms. The problem is the so-called Balmer formula; through the efforts of Mendeleev and others, everyone already knows that hydrogen atom is the simplest element, but its spectrum has no rules. Everyone has no idea why this is the case. The look is hard to explain.
The Balmer formula proposed by Balmer was actually guessed by his superb mathematical intuition.
2. Photoelectric effect, which will be mentioned later. The only time Einstein won the Nobel Prize in Physics was for explaining the photoelectric effect; 3. The issue of atomic stability is actually an atomic model issue.
Including blackbody radiation, all of them involve quantum mechanics. Therefore, if quantum mechanics cannot be invented, these problems cannot be explained at all.
Li Yu said: "The question you asked is very sharp and good, but I must admit again that it is difficult for me to give you an answer at the moment. Because it is very likely that many microscopic theories are very different from our understanding. In our understanding 1 is followed by 2, then 3, 4, and 5; but in the microscopic realm, it is very likely that the numbers are arranged like 1, 3, and 5, without 2 and 4! This is very unreasonable and counterintuitive, but it is true. This It is a long-term process of building cognition, and it is difficult to gain a foothold simply by relying on one family's words." Li Yu used some very euphemistic words to answer.
But in fact, quantum mechanics has always been full of controversy. Even Einstein, the top physicist of the 20th century, could not agree with quantum mechanics until his death.
And until Li Yu traveled through time, scientists in the field of quantum mechanics were constantly arguing with each other, which of course had reached the level of a fight between gods.
Many people even joked that
The reasonable explanation for "not overestimating your capabilities" should be: don't teach yourself quantum mechanics! On the other hand, most scientists agree with the theory of relativity, another dark cloud.
Those who don’t agree with the theory of relativity are basically from Minke or a certain website that is not even considered Minke.
"the scientist". In short, quantum mechanics is really difficult to fully explain, not to mention that it is still in its infancy.
It is precisely because it is so difficult to explain that there is the famous sentence
"Indecision, Quantum Mechanics". ——Don’t worry about the mess, that’s all! Although Li Yu's explanation was put in as plain language as possible, everyone still expressed confusion.
Bohr asked: "Speaking of which, there are some aspects of Balmer's formula that make people feel strange." Li Yu said: "This is just like the Bode formula about the planets in the solar system. They are all empirical formulas. Once the correct theory comes out, It’s untenable.” Bode’s formula is an empirical formula about the distances between planets in the solar system. Although it is obviously made up, it did play some role in mankind’s early exploration of the solar system. The discovery of several planets is to a certain extent was inspired by this, including the discovery of the asteroid belt.
Bohr continued to ask: "But such an empirical formula feels more reasonable. On the contrary, what the academician just said is unconventional. Isn't it wrong?" Li Yu said: "I can also ask you this, common sense must be Correct?" Bohr was a little stunned for a moment, and it wasn't just him, everyone was a little shocked.
But soon everyone discovered that this kind of consternation was perfectly normal. We were all top students in the School of Science, and we knew that the rapid progress of modern science was a matter of constant progress.
Many things that were considered impossible or even wrong in the past have been realized in the "abnormal logic".
As Li Yu, he would not lie randomly. Bohr was the quickest to be relieved: "Mr. Academician Xie!" Li Yu was actually feeling very uncomfortable, but he really couldn't talk to him much now.
Fortunately, a giant will always be a giant, and now he is just a
The "seedlings of giants" will grow up sooner or later. After that, others asked many questions, and Li Yu answered them one by one.
This speech was also successfully completed in such an exchange. Paterson, academician and president of the Danish Academy of Sciences, was very satisfied with the effect of the speech: "Mr. Academician is indeed a man of great wisdom. This format can also inspire students." Li Yu said: "It's good if it is useful." In fact, there are many European universities in later generations. This form is still popular.
Bohr and his brother Harnard Bohr suddenly ran over: "Mr. Academician, you just said you wanted to play football with us, right?" Li Yu was stunned for a moment, then smiled and said: "Yes! "Brother Bohr said happily: "Great! Even if we lose, we will admit it!" Li Yu said: "I am not a rookie." Bohr asked: "What position will the academician play?" Li Yu said: " Let's go to the midfield." Bohr said: "It just complements the formation. Everyone is willing to be a forward, and no one wants to be behind." There was no offside rule in football matches at the beginning of the 20th century, and there were even nine forwards and one defender, or seven forwards and three An extreme combination of defenders.
Li Yu said, "But I don't have any clothes." Bohr looked at his suit, and then said, "I'll find one for you!" Bohr was not short, but Li Yu was 1.8 meters tall. This is even rarer at this time.
Fortunately, the sportswear was relatively loose and fit Li Yu well. When we came to the green field, the momentum of the seminary opposite was very strong. The captain said to Bohr: "If you lose, you must recite scriptures in front of me!" Bohr said: "Even if God comes, I will definitely win." !" After the kick-off, Li Yu's defensive awareness was obviously better. After all, the 433 and 424 formations that are common in later generations of football place a high emphasis on defense.
Li Yu seized the opportunity and passed a long pass to Harnard Bohr, Bohr's younger brother, in the frontcourt. Stopping the ball is difficult, but long passes are much easier. As for offensive ability, it depends on Hannard.
And under this no-offside rule, the offensive nature of long passes is really strong. Hannard lived up to expectations. After receiving the ball, there were few defenders and he volleyed into the goal.
Bohr excitedly went over and hugged his younger brother: "Well done!" The subsequent defensive counterattacks were all wonderful. Li Yu fully instilled his responsibilities as a midfielder and defender, on the one hand defending and on the other hand organizing offense. , although he couldn't score a goal, his effect was still very strong.
The final score was fixed at 4-1, which was a huge victory. His younger brother, Harnad Bohr, was a sensible man and said to Li Yu: "Thanks to Mr. Academician's long pass! It's so effective!" Bohr was also very happy: "Academician is such a good player. Let's participate in more games in the future!" Li Yu thought about it, but there was really no playing environment after returning to China.
This kind of happiness is both short-lived and precious. Li Yu smiled and said: "If there is a chance, we can play football together." It feels really wonderful to play with a legendary figure like Bohr.
Bohr is very young now, but he is really smart. He is almost the youngest among his peers in school.
It feels very much like a young genius. Bohr's excitement had not subsided: "It's so relieved to win the seminary! They have debated with me many times, but I just can't beat them." Li Yu said with a smile: "Of course, you can beat them in football, but you want to debate How is it possible to pass the seminary?" Bohr said seriously: "Why is it impossible? God obviously does not exist." Li Yu said: "I mentioned something about falsification when I was at the University of Paris. You can read more Look, you will understand why you can't win in the seminary in debates. They only need a few words that cannot distinguish the truth from the false to refute others." Bohr said: "This makes no sense at all, at least not on university campuses. You have to be reasonable. Li Yu said: "It's like a chicken talking to a duck. It can't be explained." Bohr said: "That won't work. They are all alumni anyway. I can't let them persist in their obsession." Li Yu didn't expect that the young Bohr would still be able to understand. He had quite a philanthropic mentality, so he joked: "Maybe it won't be long before you think God plays dice." Bohr shook his head: "How could I say such a poor thing!" Li Yu laughed and said: "Very good." This was the most famous statement in the later debate between Bohr and Einstein.
It's just what Einstein said at the beginning
"God does not play dice", and Bohr replied: "Einstein, don't tell God what to do." After that, many people didn't know why it was extended to the two of them to believe in God.
It is estimated that these people themselves did not understand why Einstein and Bohr said these two sentences. Just like many people studied theology through Newton in his later years, and then said nonsense
"The end of science is theology". They did not study what exactly Newton and others did and why they studied theology. They made ridiculous conclusions without considering any internal factors.
At this time, Bohr was a staunch follower of science and said to Li Yu: "Where is the standard?" Li Yu said mysteriously again: "You will understand it yourself in the future." Bohr felt even more confused, but Li Yu But he didn't elaborate further.
