During the period of studying at the Capital University, students' tuition and meals are free, but they still need to raise their own expenses for paper and pens, Chinese and foreign books, and all living services.
The official school is okay, after all, they all have official status, so they don't have to worry about money at all.
However, there are many normal students who are poor scholars and have no way to make a living. Many of them have married thousands of miles away from home and have studied for four years. Therefore, it is inevitable to have internal worries.
However, the standards of the Capital University are so high that the local government must be willing to provide financial aid to students. In order to allow students to study with peace of mind, some provincial governments will provide subsidies to local normal students studying in Beijing Normal University.
The amount of the subsidy varies from province to province. For example, Hubei Province gives each normal student 20 taels of silver per month, including 12 taels of silver for settling in and eight taels of silver for expenses in Beijing.
Guangdong gives the most, 25 taels per month.
This kind of subsidy is really very high, ranging from 240 taels to 300 taels of silver a year. It was definitely a very, very powerful subsidy in the late Qing Dynasty.
After all, an idle Manchu clan only had three or four taels of silver a month.
As for the subject setting of the Capital University, it is actually not much different from modern times. After all, it is Japan where we studied. At this time, Japan was already in line with Europe and the United States in terms of education, and was far ahead of the Qing Dynasty.
The curriculum and difficulty of the official school and the normal school are different. Generally speaking, there are courses in arithmetic, natural history, physics, chemistry, economics, foreign literature, geography, history, psychology, law, drawing, gymnastics, etc.
In fact, Li Yu basically understood it. The only thing he could do was study Confucian classics, education, and then drawing. Of course, he often practiced sketching by himself. Sketching is actually quite useful. Li Yu wanted to learn it before, but now he finally has the time.
There was a foreign teacher in the university who was quite impressed by him. He was Unoyoshi Hattori, a psychology orthodox student from Japan.
Hattori Unoyoshi was not actively recruited by the Kyoto University, but recommended by Japan.
As early as four years ago, when the Reform Movement of 1898 had just established the Capital University, Japan had received the news. Now that schools have officially started again, Japanese Foreign Minister Komura Jutaro believes: "Japan must seize this opportunity and must not let Europe, the United States and other countries interfere in the Qing government's education."
So the Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Japanese Minister to China persuaded Ronglu and Yikuang to hire teachers from Japan.
This is why Hattori Unoyoshi came to China.
His wife, Hattori Shigeko, was also quite famous. She was very concerned about women's education in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. At the same time, she and Qiu Jin were also close friends.
Of course Hattori Unokichi knew Li Yu's name, so he found Li Yu to communicate with him after class.
"Mr. Li Yu, do you think the academic achievements of the Capital University can catch up with the West?" Hattori Unokichi asked directly. After all, Li Yu is not an ordinary student, and there is no need to go through all the twists and turns.
Li Yu said: "Hattori's teachings are too advanced. It is too early to talk about this now in the early stages of the establishment of the university. And you should understand that the level of academic achievement sometimes does not solely depend on the level of a school."
Hattori Unoyoshi said: "You mean it depends on the level of the students? Do you mean yourself?"
Li Yu smiled and said: "You have misunderstood me. You can understand that I am also a member of the school, so of course I am not referring to myself. What I am saying is that the strength of a country's strength is often positively correlated with the level of academic achievement. "
"What a positive correlation! From these three words, it can be seen that you are not only high in mathematics, but also extraordinary in vision." Hattori Unoyoshi continued, "To talk about the present, what suggestions do you have for my "Psychology" class? "
Li Yu said: “It goes without saying that Professor Hattori’s teaching level is excellent, but many students cannot understand the Japanese textbooks at all, and it is too slow to learn while translating. To be honest, I have almost finished reading all the chapters at this time. "
Li Yu's Japanese is good, Hattori Unoyoshi knows this, but although most students can sometimes guess some meanings from Japanese textbooks, they are still completely confused when it comes to some professional vocabulary.
Therefore, foreign teachers in Beijing Normal University often also serve as translators during class, which is very inefficient.
Hattori Unoyoshi nodded: "Your suggestion is very pertinent. I should indeed compile a set of Chinese psychology lecture notes while studying Chinese."
Fortunately, he really did what he said, and Hattori Unoyoshi's psychology lecture notes still exist in the world.
Moreover, Hattori Unoyoshi was very concerned about the early construction of the Kyoto University Hall. As soon as he took office, he went to work every day and helped formulate the subject curriculum and rules and regulations of the Normal School and Official School. He also prepared classrooms and dormitories, and assisted in the purchase of machinery. , specimens and books, and jointly planned the entrance examination procedures for the Teachers College, etc.
Li Yu said: "The Chinese taught by Hattori is already considered excellent among teachers."
As a Japanese, Hattori Unoyoshi is still very modest: "Chinese culture has a long history, and its language is equally broad and profound. I have only been involved in it since I was a child. Speaking of this, I think it is the relationship between China and Japan that is separated by a narrow strip of water, so we Japanese should be responsible for the Qing court The leader of the Qing Dynasty has the obligation to do a good job in educating the Qing court and strive to ensure the continuity of Chinese culture."
The thoughts of Hattori Unoyoshi are very similar to those of Naito Konan, a great scholar of Japanese oriental history at the same time.
Naito Honan's point of view is that the core of Chinese culture once belonged to the Han and Tang Dynasties, but has now been transferred to Japan. Therefore, Japan must assume the leadership position in the East Asian cultural circle and lead China and North Korea.
It was the source of the so-called "**** circle" in Japan later.
Of course Li Yu knew this, and he said expressionlessly: "Chinese culture will certainly not be discontinued, even after all kinds of conspiracies."
Hattori Unokichi did not hear the meaning of Li Yu's words: "What we in Japan are doing now is to let the Qing court know that we in Japan have a similar culture to the Qing Dynasty. We are not the same as the West. Only we in Japan can emotionally Truly stand with the Qing Dynasty."
Li Yu thought to himself: Yes, Japan is indeed "different" from the West, and its attacks are much more vicious than those of the European powers.
Japan's China policy when Hattori Unoyoshi took office was: "Looking at the overall situation in East Asia, we should transform the Chinese spirit with the Japanese spirit, suppress the forces that oppose the Manchus and promote the Han Dynasty, and maintain the rule of the Qing government. Help them with educational reforms, Firmly grasp the highest real power in China’s education to promote the development of Japan’s national destiny.”
As a person jointly sent by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to study in China, Hattori Unoyoshi naturally understood the implications of this policy.
Therefore, he had always planned to let the Qing court recruit more Japanese teachers, trying to make more Japanese teachers occupy an important place in the Qing education system.
Even when developing Chinese women's education, he constantly emphasized that traditional Japanese ideas were more suitable than Western ideas, and that they should become good wives and mothers like Japanese women, in order to align China with Japan in thought and spirit.
In fact, Europe and the United States and other countries have also seen Japan's thinking. Ding Haoliang once said: "Japanese teachers led by Dr. Hattori of the Kyoto University Hall and other universities and schools are not just here to teach, but are working under the Japanese government They came to Beijing with orders. Japan must be notified of their actions and the legation’s instructions must be followed. They intend to cultivate Japan’s power in China and should not be underestimated.”
However, from the perspective of the senior officials of the Qing court at the time, they really felt that they could only learn from Japan.
Hattori Unoyoshi and some of the Japanese teachers he subsequently recruited have always maintained a good image. But many times they were also shown to senior officials of the Qing court like Rongqing, in order to continue to gain the trust of the Qing court.
In 1906, he even directly wrote an article to the Japanese government suggesting: "Not only should we rely on diplomatic means and policies to guide the Chinese people to be pro-Japanese, but we should also start from the social aspect to make the Chinese realize that the Japanese people's feelings towards the Chinese are different from those in Europe and the United States. People's feelings towards the Chinese are different, and this will be more conducive to supporting Japan's power in China."
In short, it can be said that Japan began to invade China ideologically, culturally and militarily very early on.
If the soft one doesn't work, use the hard one. If the hard one doesn't work, continue to use the soft one.
