""The Collection of Cleansing Wrongs" is China's first forensic medicine monograph and the world's first systematic judicial examination book. It received great attention from the imperial court as soon as it came out, and it was ordered to be promulgated nationwide and became the desk of forensic officials. A must-have book.”
"As early as the early Ming Dynasty, it was first introduced to North Korea. For more than 300 years, it has been the standard work in the field of forensic examination in North Korea."
“In the 33rd year of Emperor Kangxi’s reign in the Qing Dynasty, the National Law and Regulations Museum organized manpower to revise the Collection of Cleansing of Wrongs, and researched dozens of ancient books. The final version was the Record of Cleansing of Wrongs corrected by the Law and Regulations Museum, which was promulgated throughout the country.”
[After the Opium War, it was translated and introduced to the Netherlands, Germany, France, Britain and other countries by Western scholars. In the 1950s, the book "History of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Examination" written by Professor Chilifakov of the Soviet Union had Song Ci's portrait engraved on the front of the volume, revering him as the "founder of forensic medicine." ] (This paragraph is not included in this article, it is for readers to see.)
Zhu Yuanzhang: I read this book as a storybook. The writing is really good. It also reflects the number of corrupt officials and unjust cases in the Southern Song Dynasty at that time.
Zhu Di: What is written in this book is what happened in the Southern Song Dynasty. It is simply too horrible to watch. If you don’t know history, how can you know that what is written in such a horrible and cruel book is what really happened.
Cheng Yaojin: I want to read everything you said.
"The content of "The Collection of Clearing Wrongs" includes the importance of forensic examination and its specific steps, the identification of difficult casualties, the analysis of true and false injuries, etc."
"This "Collection of Clearing Wrongs" covers the identification of corpses, the four seasons of corpse transformation, as well as homicide, suicide, burning, drowning, poisoning, hanging with ropes, death with sticks, death by falls, death by oxen and horses, death by suffocation, and overeating. Forensic knowledge such as death, internal injury and death, etc., as well as knowledge on pathology, pharmacology, anatomy, first aid, gynecology, pediatrics and other medical aspects."
"And he also made many contributions to toxicology. The book records the symptoms of poisoning by various poisons, pointing out that those who take poison "must vomit evil substances before death, or have diarrhea of black blood, swollen valleys, or perforation of the large intestine." After death, "the mouth must The eyes are often open, the face is purple or blue, the lips are purple and black, the nails on the hands and feet are all blue, and there is bleeding between the mouth, eyes, ears, and nose. "The book contains many practical antidotes and first aid methods."
Guan Tao: I can’t even eat this meal. This is too cruel.
Shangguan Wan'er: These understandings all happened in the cases that I have encountered and accepted. This Song Dynasty is really indescribable.
A book that speaks with facts, how detailed it is, also represents how chaotic the Song Dynasty was at that time.
"In "The Collection of Clearing Wrongs", I have to admit that some testing methods, although they belong to the category of experience, are consistent with later generations of science, which is amazing."
"For example, using an oil umbrella to examine the bones and injuries, this is one of them."
"Cover the corpse with a red oil umbrella and examine the bones. If there are bruises on the bones, there will be red paths, slight shade, and broken bones. There will be a halo of blood on both ends of the extensions. Then look at the bones with traces in the sun and see that they are red. It was marked clearly during life. If there is no blood on the bone, even if there is damage and fracture, it is a mark after death." In this way, the inspection of bones for damage is the same as the modern use of ultraviolet irradiation, which uses optical principles."
"It's just that Song Ci was limited to the level of science and technology at that time and was in a state of unconsciousness. He knew it but didn't know why. Bones are opaque objects that selectively reflect sunlight. When light passes through a clear oil umbrella or a new oil silk umbrella, At this time, part of the light that affects observation is absorbed, so the scars are easy to see.”
"And this is just one list. There are many others that are similar to the current techniques. It can be seen that Song Ci really has extensive knowledge of forensics, cases, and investigations, and future generations will admire him."
After the words were spoken, Zhang Yanxi did not distribute rewards, but showed everyone a video.
While Song Ci was flipping through the scrolls, one day, he saw a suicide case in a closed case. The deceased was a farmer. "
"Song Ci felt that there were very few cases of farmers committing suicide. There must be a last resort, an encounter that required death, before they would go to a dead end. Moreover, there was no detailed reason for suicide in the case file, so he decided to re-examine the case not long after it happened. .”
"In the video, you can see that Song Ci called people from the government office to go to the farmer's village, asked some questions, and discussed with the family members to prepare to open the coffin and conduct an autopsy."
"When the coffin was opened and the body was examined, it was found that the wound on the deceased's abdomen was light when the knife was inserted and heavy when it was withdrawn. He also asked the suspect about his actions at the time. After the incident, the knife was in the deceased's hand, but he was not holding it tightly. He felt even more suspicious. Among them There are bound to be twists and turns.”
"So he visited the neighbors, relatives and friends of the deceased. Some of them could not withstand the pressure, or were too afraid of being officials, and spoke incorrectly. Song Ci felt that there was something wrong, and under the investigation of the majestic government personnel, he finally found out The truth about the injustice was revealed in a murder case of raping women and killing innocent people.
It turns out that there was a local official named Wu Liang who used his power to bully others. He was protected by his father who was the Minister of Household Affairs. He was drunk, lustful and misbehaved. It happened that the county governor was his father's protégé. Those who break the law go unpunished, and the people have long complained.
One day, Wu Liang saw a beautiful young woman and wanted to get involved with her. He found out that she was the new wife of a farmer. The housekeeper who helped the evildoers came up with a plan to kill the farmer secretly, pretend to commit suicide and abduct the bride.
He also took out a sum of money to clear the joints at the Yamen, and a murder case was hastily settled.
Not only did Wu Liang get away with it, he also enjoyed all the happiness. However, Song Ci rearranged the case, arrested Wu Liang and Guan Jia, and sentenced them to death. The farmers' grievances were finally redressed, winning praise from the local people and causing a sensation.
After watching this video, everyone agreed.
People of a certain dynasty: OK! This is the kind of official we want, one who can make decisions for the people.
Common people of the Sui Dynasty: I want to report that the county magistrate is trying to protect his son from misbehaving. People have to pay a lot of copper coins to enter the city, and all the sellers, including the people who open shops, have to pay a sum of money to the county magistrate every day. The young master, whose name is "protection money", my whole family relies on a grocery store to earn some food. Now that I open a store, all the money I earn every day goes to the young master, and I can't even eat enough.
Common people of the Sui Dynasty: I know this person. A few days ago, he robbed a civilian daughter. Ordinary people originally lived with their grandfather and grandson, so they went to the streets to sell wild vegetables. The granddaughter was robbed, and the old man was beaten to death.
People of the Eastern Han Dynasty: Sir, help me! Please save us people. The local officials treat us as human beings and increase the tax by 30%. We want to live somewhere else, but they don’t provide us with a way to lead the way. They are forcing us to death!
