After in-depth research on languages around the world, we found that the languages of maritime peoples around the world are derived from the Austronesian language of Indochina and Southeast Asia. At the same time, the languages of mainland peoples such as farming peoples and nomads also originate from a mother tongue source. It is the ancient Thai and ancient Vietnamese languages rooted in the Lingnan region of China and the Indo-China Peninsula. We believe that the reason for this common origin of languages in the world is the great migration of mankind. Migrating peoples brought the ancient Thai and Vietnamese languages to all parts of the world. After settling and developing in various parts of the world, the migrating peoples either developed independently or integrated and developed locally, thus forming the world languages and cultures.
Language is the most systematic and complex cultural system created by human beings. Language is not just a matter of speech. Language is a concentrated expression of human consciousness and thinking ability, and it is also the essence of human cultural achievements. How do you use sound and tone to define things? Use one sentence to express ideological activities such as phenomena, behaviors, processes, results, emotions, attitudes, and evaluations? If a person is asked to build such a language system from scratch, this person must go through a very difficult and long process. Perhaps he will not be able to complete this task in his lifetime. Therefore, the way to quickly acquire a language is to learn from someone who knows the language.
In ancient times, people who wanted to learn language and survival skills could only learn from the elders of the same clan. Generally, outsiders and foreigners were not qualified to participate in the learning and training of the clan. Moreover, the learning process was a very strict discipline process, including teaching, schooling, training, etc. Chinese characters are all words that express the behavior of teaching. In the oracle bone inscriptions, the image of "teaching" is a hand holding a whip whipping a kneeling child; the image of "school" is a hand holding a whip whipping a standing belt. An adult wearing a hat; the image of "Lian" is a person tied up with a rope. Why is this so? Because the education methods of the ancients were simple and crude, students who were disobedient and did not learn would be punished corporally. Because the knowledge that the ancients wanted to learn was all related to life-saving and making a living. Therefore, if students did not learn, it would be better to beat them to death, because families and tribes did not Raise useless people! Of course, later on, corporal punishment evolved into a ruler. If you don't obey or don't learn, you only need a symbolic slap on the palm instead of being beaten half to death! In fact, the ancients used the same method of corporal punishment to teach people and train animals. The image of the word "mu" in oracle bone inscriptions is a hand holding a whip whipping a cow. The original meaning of "mu" is to tame and herd animals. In traditional Chinese concepts, only those who are successfully educated can become human beings; otherwise, they are just like animals.
We talk about this knowledge to tell everyone that the ancients would not hand over knowledge and skills that are closely related to their lives and interests to outsiders and aliens, and those who cannot learn these knowledge and skills will not have good results. Therefore, people who can learn the knowledge and skills of the ancients must be relatives of the ancients and people with sound intelligence and abilities. Learning and practicing are also important processes in human survival of the fittest.
After humans gain sound consciousness and move toward enlightenment, they immediately have the desire to describe things and express feelings and thoughts. Therefore, human language begins to emerge, form, and develop.
We believe that human language first originates from the imitation of natural sounds. For example, in ancient Vietnamese, te represents male or male, and suo suo represents female or maternal. This way of calling comes from human’s long-term experience of observing animal habits. Generally, te represents male and female. Male animals urinate with an intermittent sound of "squeaking", while female animals urinate with a short "squeaking" sound. Therefore, these two sounds have become the names of male and female, and they are also used by hunters when they cannot see the animals. It is common sense to distinguish between male and female animals. Generally, hunters only hunt male animals, because hunting people believe that hunting female animals is unlucky and will bring disaster. In the ancient Vietnamese language, the mother is called "Mimie" because the sound of the baby crying for help is "bleeping"; when the baby is happy, he will make a cry of "uncle bobo" or "bubu bubu". In a matrilineal clan society, men are subordinate to women, so it is men's job to play with and make children happy. Therefore, when babies cry out when they are happy, they are called uncle bo or bu bu. Many ethnic groups in the world still call them male in this way. elder. In the ancient Vietnamese language, falling is called "falling duo", and the sound of a hard object falling to the ground is the rapid sound of "duo duo". Of course, after thoughts formed abstract concepts, humans began to use specific sounds to represent specific concepts, so that the human language system slowly became systematic and complete.
In order to understand the formation of language, let us first analyze the conditions for the emergence of human language. In ancient times, even if there were several small groups of people living together for a long time, everyone's living and working habits were very familiar with each other. They did not need language, they only needed each other. Familiar with everyone's behavioral habits, they can complete small group communication and coordination through expressions and gestures.
But when the group's population reaches a certain level, relying solely on silent expressions and gestures will certainly not allow smooth communication and coordination of the entire group. Therefore, climbing up and shouting has become an inevitable behavior for all leaders and thinkers, and language was born. Language was created to complete the exchange of ideas and the coordination of group behaviors, and language has been led, cared for and controlled by the ruling class and social elites from the early stages of its formation and development, because language is used to spread ideas and knowledge, solve social problems, coordinate and unify An important tool for group behavior. To make a complex and chaotic society simple, orderly, safe, stable and efficient, language and sticks are indispensable means.
From the moment language is produced, language is a communication tool to describe everything and express inner feelings, cognitions, ideas, practices and dreams. To accurately describe everything, characterize, abstract, and conceptualize the subjects, behaviors, and objects of events. Mature language must have the characteristics of highly characterizing, abstracting, and conceptualizing the objective world and the subjective spiritual world. . Therefore, things closely related to human life and development are first characterized, abstracted and conceptualized by humans and defined. Such as sky, clouds, wind, thunder, fire, light, electricity, rain, sun, moon, stars, day and night, mountains, land, sea, lakes, rivers, streams, as well as plants, animals, insects and other natural objects. Things and phenomena are first processed and defined by humans; psychological cognitive phenomena related to human physiological feelings are also first processed and defined, such as cold, cool, warm, hot, muggy, hunger, pain, desire, satisfaction and comfort, etc. Physiological feelings; and phenomena related to human emotional cognition are also first dealt with and defined, such as joy, anger, sorrow, love, hatred, beauty, ugliness, joy and disgust, happiness and depression and other emotional phenomena. With these three types of symbolic, abstract and conceptual language vocabulary, human information communication begins to become accurate, smooth and efficient.
Tone is the main basis for identifying language meaning. Therefore, as a language matures, its vocabulary tone must maintain a long-term inertia. Otherwise, it will lead to incomprehension, misunderstanding and misinterpretation of the language, leading to failure of communication. Therefore, as long as the original basic vocabulary of the language is compared, the joint relationship between the languages can be analyzed.
We believe that in the middle and late stages of the last glacial period, that is, 45,000 years ago, in Southeast Asia and the Indochina Peninsula, the earliest human languages, such as Ancient Austronesian and Ancient Thai-Vietnamese, had been formed and developed to a fairly complete level. Precisely because migratory humans have mature and complete language systems such as Ancient Austronesian and Ancient Thai-Vietnamese, they can complete the coordination and management of migratory teams, efficiently respond to various emergencies and serious problems, and ultimately migrate smoothly to all parts of the world. , and settled and developed society there.
15,000 years ago, after the last ice age ended and the Bering Strait was submerged by sea water, the Indians who migrated to the Americas from the East Asian continent, namely the Native Americans, were completely isolated from the main human beings in the Eurasian continent. However, due to language and other cultural inheritance, Native Americans still retain many ancient Vietnamese words. They call hands fe
g, call feet ga, these names are exactly the same in ancient Yue. In terms of writing, Native Americans often carved abstract and concise pictures on rocks similar to ancient Chinese characters. This shows that East Asian hieroglyphs were formed and completed 15,000 years ago and have become as important a human communication tool as language.
In the process of language development, language has experienced a development process from simplicity to complexity, from image to abstraction, and from material to spiritual. For example, humankind's understanding of numbers has gone through this process. The earliest mathematical system that humans recognized was the 5-base system. As human behavior became more complicated, they also learned about the 10-base system. For issues such as geometry and astronomical calendars, humans invented the 12-base system. system and base 60. The pronunciation of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 in ancient Vietnamese is
i.so
g, sam, xi, ha. The pronunciation of this group of numbers is basically the same as the pronunciation of ancient languages such as Thai and Tibetan. This is because the early numbers only developed to the 5-base system. We found that some primitive tribes in Southeast Asia still use the 5-base system for counting. The 5-base system is related to the fact that humans have 5 fingers on one hand; Roman numerals still retain traces of the 5-base system. As humans develop more and more things in work and management, the 5-base system is no longer practical, so humans enter the 10-base system. 10 is a multiple of 5 and has 10 fingers. In order to facilitate memory, the ancients gave each number a meaning related to life and work. The most critical content of management is to regulate the life and work content of members, that is, stipulate what members should do every day? The pronunciations of 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 in Ancient Yue are lo and xia
, be, gu, xim, in ancient Yue language lo means outside, outside the house, generally referring to going out; xia
It means women, Virgin and lover.
In ancient times, tribal nobles had the habit of hiring workers and using labor. Since then, the ancients stipulated that work must be done from the 1st to the 5th day, and what should be done every day was stipulated. At the same time, the ancients stipulated The 6th and 7th days are free activities and rest days, which is why the 7-day week comes about. From the analysis of the meaning of numbers in the ancient Vietnamese language, perhaps Monday to Friday were the days when parents and tribal leaders arranged for members to work; on Saturdays, people could go out for activities or work and relax; on weekends, they could rest when they went to worship temples or meet lovers.
At present, life and work cycles all over the world still follow this schedule. This habit of human beings was developed tens of thousands of years ago. At present, in Western languages, there are traces of this aspect of Guyue language. For example, in English, haft means "half". Half of the hands are exactly 5 fingers. 5 is pronounced as ha in the Guyue people; six is 6, and six is the same as Guyue. The pronunciation of se in Chinese is very similar. In the Guyue people, se means seed, sowing and breeding. Things such as sowing and breeding can only be done outside, so six is the work content of lo outside; seve
It’s 7, se
seven
and fairy
(se0x in English) is very similar in pronunciation. Weekend is Sunday in the Western world. The meaning of this weekend is consistent with the meaning of weekend in ancient Vietnamese.
After the migratory peoples from the Indochina Peninsula entered the South Asian subcontinent, they formed ancient Tamil and ancient Aryan languages on the basis of ancient Thai; after the migratory peoples entered the East Asian continent, they formed ancient Vietnamese, ancient Chinese, Tungus, Altaic, Turkic, etc.; Migration After the people entered the Middle East, the migratory peoples merged with the local indigenous peoples to form the Semitic-Hamitic language. Research by linguists shows that the roots of the above-mentioned continental languages are mainly ancient Thai, followed by ancient Austronesian.
We believe that the Great Migration exercised human beings' ability to survive, think, and create, and at the same time, it also enabled unprecedented development of human language and writing abilities. The biggest drawback of using language to spread knowledge is that when the person who taught it through words and deeds dies, the knowledge and skills often disappear with it. In order to avoid the loss of knowledge and skills, the ancients began to create pictures to express their thoughts and instructions. Because drawing pictures was time-consuming and laborious, the ancients began to abstract and simplify the pictures. In this way, the earliest hieroglyphs were produced. Therefore, the early problems of mankind were all pictographic problems. .
After words are produced, they immediately form a one-to-one correspondence with the concepts of language and culture. That is, the creators of words use language concepts and definitions to create words, making them both writeable and readable. Once you understand them, you can write them, and if you understand them, you can speak them.
Anthropologists and archaeologists believe that 45,000 years ago, before the middle and late stages of the last glacial period, humans had created a fairly complete image and writing system. Evidence shows that after sea levels rose in the middle and late stages of the last glaciation, Australia's brown race began to be isolated from the human body. Archaeologists found that Australian aborigines left ancient writings on rock walls with abstract drawings similar to those in ancient Egypt; Indians in the Americas Between 45,000 years ago and 15,000 years ago, people migrated from southern China and Indochina to the Americas via sea and land routes. Archeology found that the Indians not only created abstract and concise graphic characters, but they also They created and used very systematic and exquisite stone carvings, and they also created a large number of hieroglyphic scriptures and classics. Unfortunately, most of these classics were plundered and burned by European invaders and immigrants.
More than 600 years ago, when the ancient Egyptian Pharaoh recognized the Phoenicians' sailing capabilities and hired Phoenicians as navigation and trade agents for the Egyptian Empire, the Phoenicians dedicated the pinyin script for recording the language to the Egyptian Pharaoh. From then on, the Mediterranean coast and the Middle East entered the era of pinyin writing, and figurative writing such as cuneiform writing and ancient Egyptian writing were gradually phased out. Finally, various European ethnic groups and ethnic groups around the world also create their own pinyin schemes and use their own pinyin writing systems.
The most complete, systematic and successful pictographic writing system that continues to this day is Chinese characters. Since pictographic writing is difficult to write and there is no correspondence between characters and sounds, pictographic writing was quickly replaced by the concept of "correspondence between meaning and pronunciation, and correspondence between spoken and written characters". Pinyin writing is said to have replaced it. Due to the convenience of pinyin writing, many peoples in the world ruthlessly abandoned hieroglyphics.
So, why haven’t Chinese characters been eliminated in China? We believe that there are several reasons why various ethnic groups in China did not abandon hieroglyphic writing and turn to pinyin writing.
First, around 600 BC, China was in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. During this period, China was in the midst of great divisions, chaos, and disputes. At that time, the various vassal states were busy dealing with wars and a series of very troublesome and urgent problems caused by the wars. problem, so no one has time to consider the issue of writing reform;
Second, at that time, the vassal states, Fang states and tribes in the Central Plains of China and the area south of the Yangtze River used different languages and had multiple sets of figurative writing systems. After thousands of years of ethnic integration and exchange in China, the Chinese hieroglyphic writing system has gradually become the universal writing system in China. However, due to China's vast territory and many geographical barriers such as mountains, ravines, and large rivers, various parts of China have long been in a pattern of separate and independent development. The languages of various regions claim to be one, and it is difficult for people in various regions to communicate with each other. In this case, if the hieroglyphics are canceled and Pinyin is used, it will definitely cause confusion and obstruction in China's national government decrees and social information exchange. Therefore, no one dares to carry out text reform;
Third, at that time, the image writing system in China had developed to a very complete level. Writing had become a very popular cultural tool and was widely used in various fields of society. There were also a huge number of various cultural classics and various countries. Tribes have a large number of archives and libraries, and the writing carriers are basically bamboo slips, silk fabrics, leather, bronzes, etc. These writing materials are very expensive, so if you change the writing, you need to update these archives and books, and change the yamen in various places. The text on the plaque will definitely require a huge amount of manpower, material and financial resources, and no one will do such boring things as text reform;
Fourth, although hieroglyphics do not have the convenience of “sound-meaning correspondence” of Pinyin characters, as well as the convenience of writing. However, each character in hieroglyphics is a highly abstract cultural concept and cultural symbol. Therefore, pictographic characters contain a lot of rich cultural information, while pinyin characters are just combinations of musical notes and letters. If readers of pinyin characters do not understand the pinyin, Words correspond to language, and this reader does not understand the meaning of these words. Since figurative words are cultural symbols that characterize, abstract, and conceptualize things and behaviors, readers need to know the meaning and grammatical rules of these words. Readers can understand articles written with these figurative words without relying on language.
Perhaps it is these four reasons that make Chinese people continue to use Chinese characters to this day. Today, in order to better popularize Chinese characters and improve the efficiency of using Chinese characters, China has popularized Chinese pinyin, so that each Chinese character has a corresponding standard pronunciation, greatly increasing the "sound-meaning correspondence" function of characters, and improving the correspondence between characters and language. , making Chinese characters a very convenient and efficient writing system.
How did ancient languages evolve into the languages used by various peoples in the world today? We believe that there are several factors that lead to changes in language.
The first reason is that after migrating ethnic groups separated from their original ethnic motherland, their language changed due to changes in their life and development styles. For example, the Gutai ethnic group was the parent group of the Luoyue ethnic group in southwest Guangxi (i.e., the Ancient Yue ethnic group, the ancestors of the modern Zhuang ethnic group). The ancient Tai ethnic group After the establishment of countries in Southeast Asia and Yunnan, the Luoyue people broke away from the rule of the ancient Thai people, established their own country, and developed independently. Since each country wanted to establish its own culture and governance system, it led to changes in language, customs, and folk customs. Before the separation of the Guyue and Guyue people, everyone called "hand" "Fengfe".
g", called "foot" as "gaga". After the Gutai people founded the country, they worked as coolie slaves and became "gaga", that is, porters, so the Gutai people changed "foot" to "fleeing tao"; they called themselves guards and The assistant is "Feng Fe"
"g" means assistant, so the Guyue people changed the name "hand" to "me". However, the Guyue people do not have this cultural custom, so the Guyue people still maintain the original way of calling their hands and feet.
The second reason is that changes in human living environment and ways lead to changes and development of language. New environments and new lives will produce new language concepts and written symbols. For example, the ancient Yue people's name for water changed with the changes in the environment during migration. When living in the hot southern environment, the Yue people called "water" "water" as "water".
am, lam, etc.; call the river da. But after migrating to the cold north, in order to get water in winter, they had to heat and melt the ice. In the ancient Vietnamese language, boiling something called su (for the Chinese characters there are Shu and Su), in order to facilitate communication, the ancients used the water from melted ice and snow as "Shu" or "Su", after a long period of natural pronunciation of the accent, Shu su became today's water sui, but the meaning of "Shu" has been preserved to us in cultural ways such as the ancient Shu Kingdom and the Bashan Shu River. At present, people in China and many Asian regions call cooked food susi, which may also be related to this cultural phenomenon of using fire.
The same is true for rivers. In the south, rivers do not freeze. They flow gurglingly all year round. The water in the river is as wide and deep as human eyes. The Yue people call eyes da. But after they migrated to the cold north, the river was frozen most of the time, and the river was connected to the surrounding environment. It was not easy to reach the river, so they could only pry it open. On the ice surface, observe whether there is flowing water under the ice to find rivers for fishing and water collection. In the Guyue language, flowing water is called Li, Li, etc. Therefore, many northern areas call rivers Li, such as Wusuli, where the Hezhe people related to the Guyue people live. Wusuli means "Wusu River" , in the ancient Vietnamese language, Wuwu means "black"; Susu is the ancient Vietnamese name for "water" in the northern region, so the literal translation of Wusuli is "Blackwater River", and that area has been called "Black Water River" since ancient times. It is "white mountains and black waters". If we cast our sights further north, we will find that many peoples in Europe call rivers
ive
English,
ivie
Dutch, French
ivie
e, etc., the stressed syllables of these words are all
i, li, etc., these languages should be influenced by the ancient Vietnamese language.
Reason three: National integration produces new languages and new cultures, which is the main reason for the diversity of languages in the world. National integration mainly occurs through two major channels: mixed living and intermarriage. As far as mixed living is concerned, the language of the dominant ethnic group will definitely become the common language of society, but the language of the subordinate ethnic group will also circulate among the people, so a new language will form over time, such as the Altaic language family popular in Central Asia, the Mongolian Plateau, and Siberia. The ancient Altaic language is the result of the fusion of the ancient Yue, Shuyue and ancient Aryan languages; the main way of ethnic integration is intermarriage. In a matrilineal clan society, as long as a female emperor or a female king favors a male of a foreign race, the foreign race can be promoted to the paternal line of matrilineal aristocracy. branch. It was through this method of intermarriage that many ethnic groups in the Middle East entered the mainstream societies of Sumer and ancient Egypt and became legal ethnic groups accepted by these societies. This eventually led to the complete integration of multiple ethnic groups and the formation of increasingly single ethnic groups and languages. However, we can still find traces of ethnic communication and integration in the current languages of various ethnic groups.
Ancient Yue is the basic language of Ancient Chinese. Many ancient Chinese words are derived from Ancient Yue. Ancient Chinese is the language of the Huaxia ethnic group. Such as Chinese dong do
g corresponds to Guangming do in ancient Vietnamese
g;dan da
Corresponds to ancient Vietnamese red da
That is elixir, this is the reason for "sunrise red elixir"; in ancient Yue language, Xixi means "sink" and "sunxixi" means evening, and the sun sets in the west; in ancient Chinese, Wuwu is me, and Huhu is the self-proclaimed name of a foreign tribe, and they are all related to the ancient Yue people. The pronunciation of the clan's gu self-proclaimed word is very similar; killing sha corresponds to knife sha in ancient Yue, which is the result of the verbification of the noun; gnaw ke
Corresponds to the ancient Vietnamese word eat ge
, maybe after the separation of the Huaxia people from the Guyue people, the Huaxia people began to deny the Guyue people's way of life, so they changed gnawing to eating chichi, but the Guyue people's language has been preserved to this day, and the Zhuang people in southwest China still retain the Guyue people's language intact. language, culture and customs. There are countless such linguistic phenomena and I will not list them all here.
In French, voyo
s means "hurry up". In the Guyue people, the pronunciation of "quick point" is "waiyu". The pronunciation of "quick point" in the two languages separated by thousands of miles is basically the same; in French, feu means "fire" , the pronunciation of "fire" in ancient Vietnamese is "fi", and the two pronunciations are exactly the same; in French, savo
s means "knowledge, knowledge". In ancient Vietnamese, the pronunciation of "knowledge, knowledge" is "sa", and the roots of the two words are exactly the same.
In English, love means "love". In the Guyue people, the pronunciation of "love" is "la la, la la".
g", the pronunciation of the two is very similar; w
ite means "writing", and the pronunciation of "writing" in ancient Vietnamese is "
ai", the two pronunciations are exactly the same; shoot means "shoot", and the pronunciation of "shoot" in the Guyue people is "su", and the pronunciation of the two is basically the same; law means "law", and the original meaning of law is " "Provisions that must be known and obeyed", in ancient Vietnamese, the pronunciation of "know, provision" is "lo", and the two pronunciations are exactly the same; in English
ai
It means rain. The pronunciation of rain in ancient Yue language is "
i
", the pronunciation of the two is basically the same; d
Op means dripping water, falling, which means "falling duo" in Chinese. The pronunciation of this meaning in ancient Vietnamese is exactly the same as in English; in English, thi
k means thinking, thinking. The ancient Yue people believe that the heart is the organ of thought, and it also means thinking. The pronunciation of heart in the ancient Yue language is "xi"
、
(dawn, dawn), flame (burning, flame), lamp (flame, lamp), view (look, observe, view), die (death),
ate (egg, laying, category, classification), seed (seed), se0x (sex, sexy, female genitals, the ancient Vietnamese pronunciation of this meaning is se),
o (no, no, negation), off (out, outside, separation), out (outside), w
o
g (error), d
ought (dry, dry), swe
ve (sharp turn), towe
(cliff, tower, high building), ladde
(ladder, ladder), pou
(splash water), u
i
e (urine, pee), shit (shit, feces), ass (butt, shit), mo
e (update, new, such as mo
i
g is the beginning of a new day, and its prefix is the ancient Vietnamese pronunciation of "new" (mo), old (old, old, the ancient Vietnamese pronunciation of this meaning is ou/gou), f
i.e.
d (friend, the ancient Vietnamese pronunciation of this meaning is fa
), doo
(Men, the ancient Vietnamese pronunciation of this meaning is du) and so on, countless.
"Eu
The pronunciation of the word "ope Europe" means "looking out, observing, checking" in ancient Vietnamese, which is equivalent to view in English, and corresponds to "Yu, Yao, Yao" in Chinese, and "yehu yehu" in the Altaic language family. "Ye Hu means supervisor and feudal king. Therefore, it is very likely that a migrating nation with the title of supervisor and feudal king arrived in Europe first, and named this vast land with its own clan name. Of course, Jews, as well as the Yao people living in southwest China and Southeast Asia, also call themselves this. Perhaps the ancient ancestors of these ethnic groups also served as supervisors and feudal kings in ancient times. Xibo in Siberia is Xibo of the Xibe people. This name comes from the matrilineal society of Southeast Asia. The oldest worship of Lord Shiva (the pronunciations of sipo and xibo are very similar) during that period shows that the Xibe people are the descendants of the ancient Yue people who worshiped Lord Shiva, and Siberia is the homeland of the Xibe people.
After the Chinese language has matured, communication between English and Chinese is still very frequent. Words with the same and similar phonetic meanings in English and Chinese are: see (see, see, see), sea
ch (search, search, search), shi
e (sun, sunshine, exposure), give (give, give), leave (leave, leave), chase (chasing, chasing, chasing), child (cub, child), so
g (ode, song), book (book, book), silk (silk, silk), bill (table, account list, bill), jewel
y (beads, jewelry), buy (buy), sell (sell, sell, sell), take (carry, take), mi
e (buried, buried, treasure, mineral deposit, mine), etc. Maybe
gThe word "king" is borrowed from the Chinese word "qingqi"
g", Qing is the prime minister of the ancient Chinese court and the ruler of the country after the emperor. Besides, Western kings are authentic when appointed by the pope. The king appointed by the pope can only be the first rank above him, so the king is called "Qing" qi
g" means ki
g is most suitable. In terms of personal pronouns, Chinese and English also have words with the same and similar sounds and meanings, such as I (I) and Ai (the emperor calls himself, some Hakka people call themselves), you (you) and ru, she (her) or he (him) and Yi (for example: Yi people are still the same, which is equivalent to the Chinese aunt, Yi, etc.).
According to the results of historical research, China exported Chinese culture to the outside world during the Qin Dynasty, Han Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, Song Dynasty and Ming Dynasty. Ancient Chinese language was once the universal language of the world, and Chinese culture and technology were once the pursuit of people around the world. Therefore, traces of the Chinese language are more or less preserved in the languages of various countries in the world. They can all be found in the official language of the Qin Dynasty (represented by Qinchuan dialect), the official language of the Han Dynasty (represented by ancient languages such as Sichuan dialect and Northern dialect). Language traces of different eras can be found in the official languages of the Tang and Song Dynasties (represented by ancient languages such as Pinghua, Cantonese, and Hakka), and the official languages of the Ming Dynasty (represented by Bohai Bay northern languages such as Anhui dialect and Yantai dialect). For example, the Cantonese pronunciation of Xian is ham, and the Korean pronunciation of Xian is also ham. China had a great influence on the Korean Peninsula during the Tang and Song Dynasties. Therefore, Mandarin in the Tang Dynasty should be very similar to Pinghua and Cantonese. Xian is pronounced as xia.
It should start after the Yuan Dynasty or the Qing Dynasty.
In the long historical process of human migration and great integration, no nation can develop in a closed and isolated state. Every nation is involved in a process of interdependence, support, learning and reference. Otherwise, we will be ruthlessly eliminated by history. Therefore, national integration involves all aspects of human civilization. The earliest human language, the ancient Southeast Asian language, has had a profound impact on languages around the world. We cannot list them all here.
