What is the human mind? Thought is a very basic and important cultural concept, so it is necessary for us to systematically and accurately summarize and define human thoughts. We believe that thought is human’s understanding and awakening of consciousness of self, nature, behavior, function, change, and feeling. It is human’s understanding of life, natural phenomena, natural processes, natural results, life feelings, life emotions, human feelings, and the meaning of life. The understanding and explanation of the value of life, pursuit of life and human behavior. The awareness, development and progress of human thought are the basis for the emergence, development and progress of human civilization. Without thought, there would be no human civilization and human beings would live like animals and beasts. .
Religion is an important part of human thought. Religion explores the meaning of life, value of life, pursuit of life, and human behavioral norms from the perspective of the soul. Religion is not only an idea, but also the moral norms and behavioral norms of believers. In the era of the integration of politics and religion, religion is the ideological foundation of religious nations, the legal spirit and legal regulations of tribes and countries. Therefore, the study of religion is of great significance.
Historical facts prove that the progress of human thought promotes the progress of human civilization. Ideological progress is a very complex and difficult process. Since the world in which human beings live is a complex system contributed by multiple factors, it is very difficult for human beings to fully and truly understand the world. Therefore, human beings' understanding of the world will always be one-sided and wrong. Due to the objective one-sidedness and error of human understanding, once humans form a solid thought model, this thought model will limit human thinking and behavior to a incomplete and distorted world, thus leading to the stagnation and regression of human civilization. Therefore, only by breaking through fixed ideas, stereotypes and bad habits and emancipating the mind can we improve mankind's understanding of the world and the truth, and bring about the progress of human civilization.
Among known creatures, human consciousness and thoughts are the most complete and powerful, and human intelligence is far higher than other forms of life. Consciousness, thoughts and intelligence are the main factors that distinguish humans from other creatures. As the saying goes: Childish and stupid people live by instinct, mature and intelligent people live by ideas. Generally speaking, creatures with vague consciousness, ignorant thinking, and low intelligence can only live by relying on their innate instincts; while creatures with developed consciousness, thoughts, and intelligence, such as humans, can rely on the results of consciousness, perception, judgment, and evaluation. As well as the characterization of the pros and cons of things, the purpose of action and planning to rationally develop all aspects of life. Human beings have also gradually developed from relying heavily on instinct to live more and more relying on thought, reason and strategy.
Consciousness is the most mysterious, greatest and incredible form of existence in the universe. Consciousness is inner perception, which is thinking perception. Thinking perception includes perceiving self-existence and self-behavior, perceiving the existence and changes of the external environment, and perceiving the existence, changes, essence and laws of things. and other natural attributes and inclusions. Therefore, objective, complete and systematic consciousness is the basis of all thoughts and ideas. It is impossible for vague consciousness to produce effective thinking and great ideas. Human consciousness is related to DNA genes, because consciousness is a universal ability that humans are born with, but it is difficult for creatures with low consciousness to improve their consciousness through acquired practice. Because of this, various creatures can maintain diverse lifestyles and forms, and are not always in fierce and cruel battles.
Does ideology depend on matter for its existence? This is an unavoidable question. Here we also return to this issue in our own way. According to the concept of traditional physics, all matter in this world, including the entire universe, is in an endless cycle of birth, growth, decay, and death. In other words, the matter in this world has experienced countless demises and annihilations. Returning to countless endless stretches of silence, inaction and emptiness. If consciousness depends on matter to exist, why can consciousness still be passed on to today's humans after matter has died countless times? Therefore, we believe that consciousness is a universal form of existence in the objective world. Everything in the material world is the result of the action of the world of consciousness, that is, the spiritual world. The spiritual world should contain all types of consciousness that create all things. At present, human beings only understand the existence form of consciousness in the material world of life, but humans have not yet understood the existence form of consciousness in the non-material and non-life world, that is, the spiritual world. When human beings obtain the existence mode and objective principles of consciousness in non-material and non-life, human beings will be most completely liberated and free.
Are humans the result and product of natural evolution? Ever since Darwin published his masterpiece "On the Origin of Species", this issue has been constantly debated. Genes are a very complex and sophisticated code system. At the same time, genes are also a very rigorous and efficient set of instructions for the production of life compounds. With a good fertilized egg, life can be completely produced by genes in a specific biochemical environment. Copy it exactly. Therefore, genetic genes are a series of living DNA that contains massive information and instructions. It is absolutely impossible to come from the disordered and random selection and patchwork of nature. Genetic genes must be the result of editing by highly intelligent beings, and the original codes and instructions that replicate life's genetic genes, form thoughts and consciousness, and form non-material life, that is, the soul, are stored on a non-material carrier by highly intelligent beings. Because of this, there is life, consciousness, thought, wisdom and soul in this world.
Human beings and all life in this world are undoubtedly the result of biogenetic engineering by a highly intelligent creature. Otherwise, we will not be able to explain all forms of existence in this world. Perhaps these highly intelligent creatures gave human beings the most complete and powerful consciousness. Therefore, human beings quickly completed their understanding of themselves, the external environment and things, and began to clearly feel happiness and pain, freedom and confinement, satisfaction and Thinking perceptions such as desire, tranquility and irritability begin to produce ideological systems that guide human thinking and behavior, that is, worldview, values, and outlook on life.
In layman's terms, worldview is the knowledge about the world that humans have acquired, and it is humans' description and discussion of the objective world; values are humans' definitions of value systems such as interests and harms, happiness and pain, beauty and ugliness, right and wrong, and Use this to judge the value of things and choose your own attitude and behavior; outlook on life is the understanding and attitude of human beings towards their own social relationships and environment based on their world view and values, their understanding and attitude towards life, old age, illness and death, wealth, poverty and lowness, etc., as well as their own Life planning, the choice of one's own lifestyle; solutions are based on human beings' ability to acquire knowledge and understanding of the objective world. They are human beings' total ability to transform themselves and the world, and are the overall expression of human creativity.
After the ideological system is formed, religion begins to emerge, develop and become complete. According to the results of the warming and rising sea levels during the last ice age 45,000 years ago, which led to human migration to various parts of the world, 4.5 years ago, there was already a highly unified religion in human beings, that is, shamanism.
Primitive shamanism believes that everything has a soul, and the powerful and noble soul is God. Ordinary souls exist attached to living bodies or objects. There are living souls and undead souls. Living souls exist because of life, and undead souls rely on bones and tombs to exist. Shadowless and erratic, the undead can become ghosts, demons, or gods. Ghosts and gods, like humans, have joy, anger, sorrow, seven emotions and six desires, good and evil, beauty and ugliness. The abilities of ghosts and gods are superior to humans. Ghosts can make trouble and can handle one person and a family. Demons are more vicious and can handle more things. Gods have great abilities and are omnipotent. They can give birth to all things and control all things. They can control all things. Make and destroy nations, countries and the world! Therefore, human beings must fear, pay filial piety and make offerings to ghosts and gods, otherwise humans will be punished by ghosts and gods and cause various disasters!
Religion is the earliest moral standards, behavioral norms and legal provisions of mankind. Therefore, after the emergence of religion, religion immediately formed a normative and restrictive effect on human thoughts and behaviors.
Because all things have animism, spirits can become ghosts, demons, or gods. Therefore, in order to benefit themselves and their loved ones, everyone must be kind to all things. Therefore, they must restrain themselves from killing and damaging things. When they have to kill or damage things for the needs of life, they must use Shamanism's Taoism avoids the negative consequences of killing and damaging animals. Therefore, fishermen and hunters who believe in shamanism must perform shamanistic rituals to exorcise ghosts and evil spirits before hunting. After obtaining prey, they all recite incantations to show that they have no choice but to kill the gift, and that a certain enemy forced them to do it! Before decomposing the prey, there are also religious rituals such as "Qing". "Qing" in the oracle bone inscriptions means a prey lying on the ground with its heart dug out! Because the ancients understood that the heart is the organ for animals to carry out memory and thinking. Animals without the heart will lose their memory and thinking. Therefore, after the undead prey becomes a devil, it will not come to trouble the hunter!
Of course, people who believe in shamanism attach great importance to the burial of the dead and long-term sacrifices to ensure that the souls of the dead rest in peace, receive offerings, and protect living beings. This ideological concept became the most important world view, values and outlook on life of the ancients. Since this life is short and the next life is long, the ancients ignored life and paid more attention to death. They took pleasure in this life, lived for death, and struggled to prepare for the underworld. The common people, emperors, generals and ministers of all dynasties in China have lived this way of life, and ancient humans such as the Sumerian era, the Egyptian pharaoh era, and the ancient Indian era also lived such an unchanging way of life.
Today, when we visit the tombs and temples of Egyptian pharaohs and other historical sites, we can still feel the lifestyle and value pursuit of the ancients who "regarded death as life and lived for death." According to ancient Egyptian literature, in order to build tombs and temples for their families and themselves, the Egyptian pharaohs always mobilized the whole country, even at the expense of national power and people's support. The construction of tombs and temples often led to civil unrest, wars and social chaos.
Of course, the priest class that controls the power of shamanism is definitely the biggest beneficiary of shamanism society. In a matrilineal clan society, the power of the priesthood can only be in the hands of the female clan leader, that is, the shaman group headed by the "emperor" or "high priest" Or in the hands of the priestly group.
In Southeast Asia, China and other regions, the theocratic power is controlled by the shaman (i.e., Samana) group; in the Middle East and the Mediterranean coastal areas, the theocratic power is controlled by the priest group. Theocratic groups have the power to appoint actual rulers of tribes and countries. At the same time, the theocratic group has the exclusive power to interpret doctrine and Taoism according to its own interests and needs. Therefore, the Taoism and secular practices of shamanism have become more and more complex, consuming society's financial, material and human resources, thus causing society's dissatisfaction and resentment towards the priest class.
Religious thoughts and doctrines require the popularization of knowledge and beliefs among the people. To popularize knowledge and theories, they must be simple enough, easy to understand, consistent with human nature, and have obvious utilitarian effects. So shamanism definitely has such characteristics.
In its original stage, shamanism is very simple in operation. Anyone who believes in shamanism and masters the basic ideas and teachings of shamanism can become a shaman sama through apprenticeship, practice and enlightenment.
(i.e. Samana same
), a shaman is a cleric of shamanism who is the operator and manager of shamanism’s religious ethics, dojo and sacrificial activities. In the ancient Vietnamese language, "Sa sa, sha sha" means knowing, knowledge, etc.; "Man ma"
"It means people;" door me
"It means heaven and god. Therefore, "shaman" means wise man, scholar, teacher, etc.; "shaman" means heavenly master, divine master, etc. We think "shaman"
"The way of calling them is more in line with the work content of shamanistic clergy. The main responsibility of shamanistic clergy is to accept believers' statements about life confusion, hardship, illness and disaster, and to accept believers' opinions on eliminating disasters, relieving difficulties, improving living conditions and life prospects. request, and then be responsible for contacting the gods accordingly, allowing the gods to possess them, speak for the province, and provide solutions to the consultants.
Religious scientists believe that before Shamanism, there was an older and simpler religion, namely Zhenjiao (called Zhenzhe in modern Chinese).
, called gim/jim in ancient Thai-Vietnamese. Text experts believe that the oracle bone form of Zhen is a mask worn by shamans when performing rituals). Zhenism is only responsible for consulting about the soul, divination of good or bad future, and resolving illnesses. and disaster rituals, etc. The clergy of Zhenism are mages or wizards. In the ancient Vietnamese language, male mages are called bogim and female mages are called yagim. At present, the beliefs and customs of Zhenjiao are still intact in the Lingnan region of China and Southeast Asia. We can see many records about Zhenjiao in the historical documents and allusions of China's Xia, Shang, Zhou, Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods. After China entered the Han Dynasty, Zhenism differentiated into divination, witchcraft, yin and yang, and feng shui that were spread among the people and the world, and were eventually integrated into Taoism that later emerged in China.
In short, the basic functions of shamanic clergy, that is, shamans, are: doctrinal practitioners, lecturers, theosophists, psychic telepaths, psychologists, diviners, witch doctors, dojo operators, sacrificial operators, etc. .
After the matrilineal clan society developed to a complete stage, the female elders of the clan all became the shaman class. They combined divine power and secular power, that is, royal power. They had the power to explain and speak about culture and religion, and controlled the life and death of the clan people. s right. They are the "imperial class" who represent the divine power in the matrilineal clan society, and the "private class" who represent the secular royal power.
After shamanism was introduced to the Middle East and the Mediterranean coast with the Great Migration, in a multi-ethnic environment, in order to better adapt to the ruling methods of matriarchal society, theocracy and secular kingship, the theocratic class transformed and repackaged shamanism in order to appease the ruled. In order to control the emotions of the race, they tried their best to downplay the relationship between royal power and divine power. They changed "shaman" to "priest", and the shaman leader no longer became "emperor", but was called "high priest", although the secular highest The ruler is still the direct descendant of the high priest's mother's family, but the appointment of the king is changed to the mother's clan's hereditary system, and the priesthood only reviews and canonizes the king in accordance with theocratic regulations. On the surface, the priesthood is a purely religious order that serves everyone. Therefore, the resistance and resentment of non-aristocratic races towards the priest class was avoided, and the intensification of social conflicts was alleviated. From Sumer to ancient Egypt, from ancient Egypt to ancient Rome, from ancient Rome to modern Western society, Western society has retained this subtle relationship between divine power and secular royal power to this day. Only the religious content has slightly changed, and royal power is hereditary. The system was changed to a presidential electoral system.
People learn knowledge, thoughts, culture and doctrines, and believe in religion in order to obtain blessings and benefits in this life and the next. If people cannot obtain blessings and benefits for a long time, it is equivalent to a situation in which "investment and return" are not proportional when doing business. , so believers must question and abandon this idea and religion. Of course, when smart theocratic elites discover that believers are generally abandoning their religion, they will definitely want to change their thinking and religion to maintain the smooth continuation of their theocratic power.
Around 4300 years ago, due to the severe Little Ice Age, the climate in northern China deteriorated, and agriculture and animal husbandry suffered severe reductions and harvests. In order to seek refuge, the Chinese people who had settled in the area on the west bank of the Yellow River in northern Shaanxi crossed the Qinling Mountains and moved south to Sichuan. After Xuanyuan, the leader of the Chinese tribe, overthrew the ancient Shu Kingdom and was named the Yellow Emperor, he completely abolished the shamanistic imperial theocracy. From then on, theocracy and shamanism disappeared from the ideological and cultural connotations of all Chinese dynasties. From that time on, the Chinese only retained awe for nature and the souls of their ancestors, and only retained simple and practical religious forms such as worshiping heaven and earth and ancestors.
At the same time, starting from the Xia Dynasty, China gradually eliminated the disadvantages of matrilineal clan society, granted more men the status of free citizens, improved men's social status, and gave men the right to form families and own property. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Confucius and other thinkers and social activists proposed for the first time the ideological and institutional framework of a systematic patriarchal clan society, proposed the use of benevolence, righteousness and non-violence to govern society and the national ideological and institutional system, and advocated equality for all and other principles that value human rights. People-oriented thinking opposes theocracy and the religious thought of ghosts and gods controlling everything in the world, encourages and values human actions and roles, and promotes the positive ideas and concepts of "things depend on man-made things, and man can conquer nature". Thinkers and saints such as Confucius and Laozi have brought unprecedented and huge development and sublimation to China's humanistic thought. The great ideas of Chinese saints have become the greatest milestones in the history of human thought. From then on, these great ideas are like beacons in the dark, illuminating China. The people and even the people of the world are moving towards the path of civilization and progress.
Starting from the Han Dynasty, China has regarded the thoughts of Confucius and other saints as the ideological foundation of the country, as well as the legal spirit and legislative basis of the country. Therefore, Chinese society is the first and only country that has completely entered into a patriarchal clan society, and is the only country. A country that regards benevolence and righteousness, people-oriented, etiquette and education, and opposition to theocracy as national governance methods and legislative standards is the only country that adopts the patronymic surname and establishes a patriarchal clan system. Since then, the ideology and culture of the Han Dynasty have become the common ideological core and foundation of the Chinese people. For the first time, the Chinese people's high cultural identity has overcome their ethnic identity. From the Han Dynasty, the Chinese people began to call themselves Han people and were proud of being Han people.
The Han Dynasty has disappeared in the long river of history for nearly 2000 years, but the basic ideas and legal systems established by the Han Dynasty, as well as the benevolence, fraternity, tolerance, etiquette and education of the Han Dynasty are still deeply engraved in the minds and souls of the Chinese people , the Han Dynasty profoundly influenced China, East Asia and the world.
For the convenience of description, we call the Middle East, the Mediterranean coastal region and the entire European region the Western World, and the civilizations in these regions are called Western Civilization; the East Asian region with China as the core is the Eastern World, and the civilizations related to the Eastern World are Eastern Civilization. .
Starting from the Xia Dynasty and after the Han Dynasty, the Eastern world with China as the core embarked on a path of civilization development that was completely different from that of the Western world. Since the Western world has not carried out a thorough reform of theocracy and matrilineal privileges since ancient times, there has always been a theocratic class in Western society. Religious unity and papal interference in politics are still prevalent in many Western countries. In these countries, religious regulations and activities have become the basis for the people. Code of conduct and part of daily life. Western society does not have the Chinese patriarchal clan system. The West retains many social rules and customs of matrilineal clans. They only worship gods and only one god. They cannot worship their ancestors, let alone worship gods other than those prescribed by religion. Westerners do not have the concept of clan. Nor do they care about this life. They believe that all efforts in life are to prepare for heaven after death. This is the life dream and pursuit of most Westerners. Therefore, it is difficult for Westerners to understand the way Easterners think and behave, and of course it is not easy for Easterners to truly understand Westerners.
On the basis of the Southeast Asian continental civilization during the Ice Age, Eastern civilization directly developed a diversified civilization system. After Eastern civilization experienced changes in the thoughts, religions and social systems of the Chinese people, the core ideological system of Eastern civilization, namely Chinese civilization, began to take shape. After the Chinese nation experienced prehistoric dynasties such as Xia, Shang and Zhou, the great social turmoil of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States at the end of the Zhou Dynasty, and the social governance and national integration of the Qin and Han dynasties, Chinese civilization began to become a great civilization that profoundly affected China's surrounding areas and even the world. After the Han Dynasty, Chinese civilization began to become the core and main body of Eastern civilization, becoming a beacon of civilization that profoundly affected the world. After the Han Dynasty, Westerners began to move closer to the East, actively receiving help from the East, and actively accepting the influence of Eastern civilization.
Due to the great migration of humans, migratory humans brought early human civilizations from Southeast Asia and East Asia to all parts of the world. This led to the emergence and development of Western civilizations such as Sumer, ancient Egypt, Assyria, Persia, Greece, Rome, and various parts of Europe. develop. During the middle and late stages of the last Ice Age, the Western world was basically uninhabited or sparsely populated areas. Therefore, after migratory humans arrived in the Western world, all they wanted was to spread and copy early human thoughts and religions to the local area. Therefore, they did not need to control human beings. Early thought and religion carried out innovation and reform, which was the reason for the slow development of Western civilization in the early stage.
After the decline of Sumerian civilization, ancient Egyptian civilization emerged in the Nile Delta and the southeastern coast of the Mediterranean. Although great megalithic structures such as pyramids, obelisks and temples were built by non-human highly intelligent creatures, because they are located in Egypt, these great human prehistoric relics increase the mystery of ancient Egypt and artificially elevate the ancient Egypt. The height of Egyptian civilization.
Since the Nile River Basin was the region with the richest water resources and the most developed agriculture, animal husbandry and handicrafts in the Western world in ancient times, after the founding of the ancient Egypt, it immediately became the economic, cultural, ideological and religious center of the Western world. The thoughts and religions of ancient Egypt all originated from shamanism. In order to sanctify and legitimize the construction of huge pharaoh tombs and mummification, the priest elites of ancient Egypt developed the spiritual theory of shamanism and re-created a shocking pantheon.
Although after the decline of Sumer, Akkadian, Hittite, Assyrian and other empires ruled the Middle East, the brilliance of ancient Egyptian civilization still attracted people from the Middle East, the Mediterranean coast, Europe and Central Asia. Talents, materials and wealth from all regions continued to flow into Egypt.
Subsequently, the Hebrews, Greeks, Romans, etc. successively appeared on the stage of Western civilization, leaving behind all kinds of shocking and great stories!
The Hebrews are a branch of the indigenous Semitic people in the Middle East. During the Sumerian era, the Hebrews had frequent contacts with the Sumerian upper class. Due to intermarriage and business exchanges, the Hebrews acquired Sumerian territory. The true inheritance and essence of thought and religion. Therefore, after the fall of the Sumerians, the Hebrews relied on their cultural, ideological and religious advantages to do business, serve as officials, and serve as priests in ancient Egypt. They prospered in the upper class society. According to The history of the Hebrews records that their ancestors once served as prime ministers to the Pharaohs of Egypt. It is used because the Hebrews were dissatisfied with the exploitation of them by the Egyptian upper class, so the Hebrews left Egypt as a family and established the country of Israel in the Palestinian area, which is located in the main trade channel between the Middle East and Egypt. From then on, the Hebrews became a country with a unique culture A nation of inclusion and belief.
Around 1100 BC (that is, around 3100 years ago), after the Hebrews left Egypt, they gradually broke away from the matrix of shamanism and ancient Egyptian religion and established their own monotheistic religious ideas and doctrines.
Between 800 BC and 700 BC, with the disintegration and demise of the Hebrew state of Israel, the Israelite branch of the Jews made the Hebrew Abrahamic religion, Judaism, public and made Judaism the state religion of the Jewish state. , and Judaism absolutely excludes other ideas and religions, and regards the teachings and spirit of Judaism as the laws or legislative guidelines of the Jewish nation. From then on, Jews can only believe in one God and can only be the people of one God. Religion has become a national symbol and a powerful force that unites the race. This is very important for a nation that has lost its home and land. Otherwise, how can they do business? How to convince and conquer aliens, clients and rivals.
Around 600 BC, after the rise of the Persian Empire in the Middle East, Zoroaster, a famous scholar and priest of the Achaemenid Dynasty of the Persian Empire, in order to solve social problems such as the weak cultural and religious power of the Persian Empire and the invasion of foreign cultures , he reformed the basis of traditional Aryan polytheism, absorbed ideas and spirits such as Judaism and Jainism, and founded Zoroastrianism.
Zoroaster's religious reform was revolutionary and thorough. He completely overturned the ideas and teachings of shamanism and ancient Egyptian religion.
Zoroastrianism believes that everything in the world was created by the good god Ahura Mazda, while the evil god Angra Mainyu always hinders the actions of the good god and induces human sin and crime. When the good god created the spiritual prototype of all things, the evil god killed the aurochs, and the marrow of the aurochs produced plants after their death. Their "seeds" were purified and produced all the beneficial animals in the world. At the same time, the evil god also killed the original person Gayumat. After the original person died, his body was turned into metal. His "seed" was purified and preserved. 40 years later, the first male and female ancestors of mankind were born, which looked like rhubarb ( Perennial herb), they closely embraced each other and multiplied human beings, but because humans were tempted by evil gods, they often fell into sin.
The basic teaching of this religion is: This religion believes that the human soul has two sides, good and evil. Good and evil are in an eternal struggle. People's choices of good and evil are determined by personal will. Good and evil all follow the law of cause and effect. Good causes have good consequences, and evil causes have bad consequences. After death, a person's soul will be judged by the good god. The standard of judgment is the person's piety in worshiping the good god Mazda during his life, as well as the individual's good and evil performance in three aspects: thoughts, speech, and actions. Good people will gradually enter the kingdom of heaven, first into the heaven of good thoughts, secondly into the heaven of good words, then into the heaven of good deeds, and finally into the heaven of light, the eternal heaven. The religion also believes in the reincarnation of the soul. The doctrine stipulates that the soul of a person will stay on the body for 4 days after death to examine his thoughts, words, and deeds throughout his life. On the fourth day, he will enter the Judge's Bridge and be guarded by a group of dogs. , a girl will greet her and lead her to the road to heaven; for such an evil person, the one who greets her will be a female ghost, who will lead her to the road to hell and suffer the pain of eternal damnation. And people who are a mixture of good and evil enter the third realm, a dark place with no happiness or sorrow.
This doctrine explains that a person's afterlife is only related to his or her religious beliefs and personal thoughts, words, and actions, and has nothing to do with physical forms such as corpses, bones, and tombs. Therefore, this religion advocates sky burial, cremation, and water burial, and opposes other burial methods such as earth burial.
In terms of personal practice, the religion opposes asceticism and asceticism, advocates consanguineous marriage, encourages more children and more blessings, advocates the development of agricultural, animal husbandry and commercial activities, creates a big family and a big society, and enhances the strength of the nation and the country. Promote the accumulation of virtue and good deeds, cultivate good thoughts, words, and deeds, and oppose and stay away from evil thoughts, words, and deeds. Worship according to the teachings. The religion believes that fire, earth, cow urine and other holy objects have the effect of establishing the good virtues of the soul and clearing away the sins of the soul. Therefore, believers must perform religious sacrifices such as fire worship, tayammum and cow urine in accordance with the teachings. .
Zoroastrianism has had a profound impact on the world. It developed into Mormonism in the Western world, Zoroastrianism in Central Asia, and Zoroastrianism in the Chinese cultural circle. It has profoundly influenced thoughts, cultures and ideas around the world. custom. Funeral customs in India, Nepal, Tibet, China and other regions, as well as the worship of cattle, fertility, etc., are the result of the influence of Zoroastrianism.
However, the religion that is deeply rooted, flourishing, and bearing fruit in the Western world is Judaism.
In the first year of the Christian era, Jesus was born. In order to benefit the people and save the common people, he founded Christianity on the basis of Judaism. Later, Christianity became the state religion of the Roman Empire, and later became the religion of various European ethnic groups and the state religion of nation-states. This cultural custom continues to this day.
Around 600 BC, Sakyamuni, the prince of Sakyamuni in Nepal, founded Buddhism based on Zhenism, Shamanism, Jainism and other local religions. Eventually, Buddhism became the main religious belief in the Chinese cultural circle and Southeast Asia. .
Buddhism is the religion that has the most profound influence on Chinese culture. Buddhism began to be introduced into China in the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC to 8 AD). By the early Tang Dynasty (626 to 649 AD when Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty was in power) Buddhism became popular throughout China and became the main belief and humanistic philosophy of the Chinese people. .
By the early Tang Dynasty, Buddhism had spread throughout China for more than 800 years. Due to the confusing sources of Buddhist scriptures introduced to China in various eras, the original texts were lost, and the annotations were confusing, the eminent monk Xuanzang was ordered by the court to go to Tianzhu (that is, India) to obtain the true scriptures. Xuanzang started from Xi'an, passed through the Hexi Corridor, passed through the Central Asian countries, crossed the Indus River, crossed the Lahore Pass in Punjab and entered the hinterland of India, where he practiced in the Nalanda Temple at the southern foot of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Xuanzang completed his spiritual practice and returned to China to correct Buddhism after obtaining the scriptures.
Anyone who knows world geography knows that starting from Xi'an, passing through the Qinling Mountains, entering Sichuan, and passing through Yunnan and Myanmar, you can also reach India. Moreover, this southbound road is much shorter than the westbound road. At that time, why did Xuanzang abandon the near for the distant and not take the southward route? This is because during the Tang Dynasty, ancient ethnic groups such as the Gutai and Guyue people who lived in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Southeast Asia had divided into separate tribes and established their own countries. At that time, the Nanzhao Kingdom, which occupied the Yunnan area, had a long-term confrontation with the Tang Dynasty. , Nanzhao often broke out border wars with the Tang Dynasty, so Xuanzang could not take this path.
Although it was a long journey for Xuanzang to go west to India, the natural friendly relationship between the Tang Dynasty and the Western Regions and Central Asia made Xuanzang's journey to the west safer and more convenient. The nobles of Li and Tang were from the Turkic tribe, the Turkic tribe was from the Di tribe, and the Di tribe was from the ancient Yue people. The Western Regions and Central Asia have always been within the sphere of influence of the Di and Turks. Their blood and cultural relationships enabled Xuanzang to receive a lot of help during his journey. Xuanzang was able to communicate directly with the locals in Tang language on his way westward. Xuanzang saw many yellow people who looked like himself.
After arriving in India, why was Xuanzang able to quickly adapt to the learning and practicing environment of Nalanda Temple? Because at that time, Tang language could still communicate with the local language, and the local area was very similar to China in terms of cultural customs and other aspects, and both belonged to the ancient Yue cultural circle. Nalanda is located in the sphere of influence of the ancient Tai people who migrated westward. Lumbini, the birthplace of Buddha (now in Rupandeshi County in southern Nepal), is also within the sphere of influence of the ancient Tai people. The Guyue people are descendants of the ancient Tai people. Nalanda The Tuo and Lumbini people are also descendants of the ancient Tai people, while the Tang people are descendants of the ancient Yue people. Therefore, the Tang people can basically understand the language and scriptures of the Nalanda and Lumbini people. In the ancient Vietnamese language, Nalanda means
a is a field, it sucks
It is home, home, and tuo is tutor and lecture hall, so Nalanda means "farm lecture hall"; Lumbini's lamla
It is home, homeland, and neighbor is boss, king, and nun.
i means good and excellent, so Lumbini means "the home of the excellent king". In Buddhist scriptures, there are many words that can be translated in Ancient Yue, such as Upasaka (male believer) and Upasaka (female believer). In Ancient Yue, youyou means at home and at home, and mother-in-law means father and male elder. , Sai means male, man, Yiyi means female, woman, so Upasaka is "father's man" and Upasaka is "father's daughter". Perhaps when the Buddha said this, the local area had already entered into matrilineal clan and patrilineal clan. In the era of clan differentiation, everyone had to indicate their origin, that is, whether they belonged to a patrilineal family or a matrilineal family. Maybe the Buddha only recruited disciples from patrilineal families, and maybe the ideas of people from maternal families were far different from those of the Buddha. .
Xuanzang was not alone in bringing the scriptures and truth back to China. Xuanzang’s school friend Master Yuanzhi, the prince of Siam (now Thailand), followed Xuanzang back to Bailuyuan of the Tang Dynasty, which is now the Huguo Xingjiao Temple, and translated the original version with Xuanzang. Scripture. Why Xuanzang needed Master Yuanzhi as an assistant was because Master Yuanzhi was of the ancient Tai tribe and he was proficient in Nalanda and Lumbini. Ancient Thai was the direct mother tongue of Nalanda and Lumbini. It can be seen that at that time, Southeast Asia, centered on Thailand, and the northeastern region of the South Asian subcontinent were still a very closely related cultural circle. Perhaps the Buddha and early Buddhist believers were both of the same yellow race as the Chinese.
From these cultural fragments, we can still get a glimpse of the social conditions and cultural landscape at that time, and understand the truth that human civilizations have the same origin and are inherited from the same origin.
In 610 AD, the 40-year-old Arab saint Muhammad, based on Judaism, combined with the history and ideals of his nation, while meditating in a cave on Mount Hira on the outskirts of Mecca, he realized God's call, accepted the mission, and founded Islam.
In 612 AD, Muhammad publicly preached to the masses in Mecca. Subsequently, Islam spread widely in the Middle East, the Mediterranean coast, Central Asia, Xinjiang and northwest China, the South Asian subcontinent, Southeast Asia and other regions, becoming the second largest world religion after Christianity.
Of course, religion is not the entire content of the human spiritual world. Each person, each group of people, and each nation has its own religious concepts. The function of any religion is to allow people to live their lives safely and happily, and to obtain happiness in the next life. But there is only this life to look forward to, and no one knows what will happen in the next life. Therefore, human beings always put the priority on doing the current things well. If they don’t work hard, they will still have no food, no clothes, and they will have to sleep on the streets and expose their bodies in the wilderness! Therefore, in the cruel real life, there are always very few people who really care about the afterlife.
If ancient Egyptian society was not a society of indolence, pleasure-seeking, luxury and waste, and inequality between rich and poor, the ruling class of ancient Egypt would not impose excessive taxes on the people and use up national resources to build luxurious tombs and temples. Ancient Egypt would not be in war and disaster for a long time, and the Hebrews would not leave Egypt and painstakingly create their own religion, Judaism.
If Judaism does not oppose Egyptian religion and does not create its own new stories, new doctrines, and new teaching rules.
The essential role of religious thoughts is to solve the problems of mankind in the past, present, and future, where people come from (that is, what is the previous life)? What is the meaning of human life (what is this life)? What is the ending of a person (that is, what is the next life)? The difference between religion depends on the answers to these three questions. The answers to these three questions determine the world view, values, and life outlook on religion. Anyone who studies the history of religious development knows that Judaism has a relationship with Christianity and Islam. The difference between them is only that they have different interpretations of the three major issues.
Because religious establishment is to solve certain realistic problems, each religion has clear values and utilitarian thoughts, but Buddhism is an exception. Buddhism is very objective and philosophical in the interpretation of the three major issues. trace. Therefore, Buddhism is more like philosophical classics and science theory, and it is more like a law of life. Due to the characteristics of Buddhism, Buddhism just entered China and immediately received general acceptance and high recognition of Chinese intellectuals, making Buddhism the most far -reaching religion on Chinese culture and social impact.
Confucianism founded by Confucius is a set of specialized science to discuss sociology. Confucianism did not deliberately answer the above three major questions systematically, and there were no strict organizational institutions, as well as restraining believers' precepts. Therefore, Confucianism is very wrong. Since the Huangdi abolished the religious divine rights system, the Chinese civilization has embarked on a people -oriented development path that focuses on the actual results and practical significance. Because of this, the Chinese nation can be in this dangerous and highly competitive world. Role model.
It turns out that only those who are deficient in the valley, the heartlessness, the open -mindedness, and the defeat of selfishness can become the perfect person and the strong. Otherwise, what is believed or not believes that life is meaningless and helpful.
The spiritual world of human beings is the general saying of human thought. The emergence of human thought is to solve all problems to solve human survival, development and dreams, seeking ideals for human beings, to give human thinking and behavior to more value, to give more value, and to give human thinking and behavior more value, and to give more value, to give more value, and to give humanity and behavior more value. Significance and mission. In order to solve the problem, humans must perceive the truth, evolution process, and results of things, and must enlighten the nature and evolution mechanism and laws of things.
Humanity aware that everything is to know the truth of the outside world. If human beings have to perceive, they can only use their own perception systems, ears, nose, tongue, body, and meaning. Vision, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. These five feelings are physiological, and it means that people think of things, that is, mind, memory, and thinking about thinking and memory of thoughts and memory.
Human physiological and thinking feels are very unreliable to be perceived, so human beings must enlighten the truth, nature of things, and the mechanism, principles and laws of changes in things. In the early days when humans know things, and without the teaching of the outside world, people know that things are always in a state of opening their eyes. Awareness, consciousness is a unique name, concept and thinking method unique to Chinese culture. The truth, essence, thinking, principles, and laws of thinking about changes in things, and thinking about the general principles of things and internal operation mechanisms and laws. At the same time, the thinking person should formulate measures and means to solve problems to achieve life goals and dreams. In the case of no external help, consciousness is the only effective way and means to reveal and understand the truth, truth and laws of human beings.
Therefore, observation and induction of things, meditation, and mindfulness are the main ways to obtain the truth, true knowledge, and truth of human beings. Of course, another way to obtain knowledge and truth is scientific. The scientific cognitive method is: the first step, discover and ask questions; the second step is to establish a scientific sensory system for eliminating human subjective factors; Observation, measurement, experiment, and measurement cognitive system; the fourth step, the application based on the methods and methods of mathematics, physics, chemistry, manufacturing, engineering, biology, psychology, sociology, etc. Know the results to analyze and think about, find the truth, truth, and truth of things, and formulate methods and measures to solve problems.
The difference between scientific cognition and pure human understanding is that scientific cognition uses scientific perception instead of human physiological perception, and uses scientific descriptions and evaluation methods to replace human subjective assumptions, descriptions, and evaluations. However, subjective thinking and scientific cognition of discovering things, the truth, and the truth of things, formulating methods and measures to solve problems are equally important.
Human beings have only been scientifically known about things for nearly 500 years. In the process of human beings' long civilization development, humans understand things and reveal the truth. Therefore, in the process of human civilization, we must develop science and development.
At present, the religious distribution of the world is that Buddhism is mainly based on Chinese and Southeast Asian countries based on Chinese culture; Islam is the beliefs of Central Asia, the Middle East, Africa and other countries; Jewish and Christianity are the beliefs of European countries and Jewish races. Why does such a religious pattern appear?
First of all, starting with Buddhism, Buddhism is a religion that purely discuss soul cultivation and the end of the soul. It advocates moderate asylum and abstinence, and executes the discipline of the clear rules such as not killing, no words, no theft, no money to store wealth. In the era of low productivity, food shortage and population growth are the two major problems that trigger social crisis. East and Southeast Asia have first experienced these social problems. Therefore, the people in the region respect and believe in Buddhism.
Before the generation of Buddhism, worshiping fire education had been deeply rooted in the hearts of the Middle East and Central Asia, opposed asceticism in worshiping, and advocating the development of agriculture and animal husbandry, advocating for fertility, and developing the population. The recognition and acceptance of the Middle East and Central Asians of slaughtering sheep, three wives and four concubines.
After the introduction of Buddhism into the Middle East and Central Asia, the people of the region turned to the people of the region to the faith in Jewish and other religions. This belief tendency has led to Christianity. The original demands of the European belief in Christianity are. First, when you want to be a voter of God, you can get the soul redemption, advance to heaven, and get eternal life and joy during the end -day trial. The sacredness and legalization of the nation. Their churches and pings in their demands have helped them realize, so that France, Britain, Germany and other countries appeared in European and villagers. At the same time, churches and religious trials began to spread all over the cities and villages of these countries. Pillar and sustenance. From the 14th century AD, after the Renaissance rising in Europe, European talents gradually woke up from the dark dreams and gradually moved to humanities and science.
Around 600 AD, after the Arabs were completely awakened by civilization, they developed Islam on the basis of the Middle East religion. It should advocate that "in the world" is to be integrated with secular life and practice, opposing asceticism, advocating moral practice and clearing rules and precepts. Combined with each other in the teaching, everyone is equal, and there are brothers within the four seas. Between believers must have no religious human rights and humanity such as helpless helplessness. Therefore, the launch of the people should immediately respond and join the people in the Middle East and Central Asia. Subsequently, Islam penetrated into East Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia, and Islam has therefore become a rising star of world religion and the capsule of world religion.
The great thoughts such as Chinese Confucianism and Taoist thoughts as Buddhism and worshiping the fire are the products of the same era. Why does Chinese thought have a profound impact on the Middle East, Mediterranean and Europe? The reason is very simple. Confucianism is founded on the basis of denying God. The basic role of Chinese thought is a life instructor and a social instructor. How to enter heaven just want to know how beautiful heaven is. Because Chinese thought cannot meet the spiritual needs of Westerners, Chinese thought cannot be popular in the Western world. In fact, Western scholars have always believed that Eastern thoughts are superficial and vulgar, and they are typical pragmatism. Because people with completely different ideas cannot communicate ideas, it is impossible to accept each other.
Oriental civilization and western civilization are derived from the last Glacier's Southeast Asian civilization. After the migration of human beings, it gradually evolved into oriental civilization and western civilization. The reason why the oriental civilization and western civilization have a huge difference in that during the period from 4300 to 4100, the Huaxia nationality overthrows the ancient Shu Kingdom and abolished the divine rights of the Shamanism model, and allowed Huaxia to "respect human rights, despise lightly, light up The humanistic era of divine rights; at the same time, the abolition of the king's rights, so that Huaxia State has begun to move towards the patriarchal clan society of "emphasizing men and women, male respect and femininity", thereby improving the productivity and combat effectiveness of the Huaxia ethnic group.
After the Chinese people ruled China, the Chinese people developed and created a great oriental civilization based on human rights and patriarchal. Western civilization is based on the establishment of Judaism and Christianity. Western civilization has not carried out the god rights and feminist revolution. Until the 14th centuries AD, after the "Renaissance" ideological movement in Western civilization, Western talents began to dilute the divine rights and attach importance to human rights and kingship.
Subsequently, Western civilization was the first to go to the road of scientific innovation. Since then, Western civilization has shown a development momentum beyond the Eastern civilization.
In modern times, after the establishment of a scientific ideas and knowledge system with China as the core, Oriental civilization has risen again, and Oriental civilization has quickly caught up with Western civilization. Recently, the two major civilizations have maintained simultaneously.
However, due to the lack of humanities and values in Western civilization, there is still a conflict with Western civilization. The basis of humanistic thought is to respect the overall interests of human beings. The purpose of all thoughts and behaviors is goodness and benevolence; and Western values with relative western values in humanistic thought are only respect for personal rights. Evil standards, advocating private interests, can be used for self -interest, despise the overall right of human survival, despise the value of life, and attach importance to the belonging after death.
Today, the east -western civilization is entering a big conflict. However, human beings need to obtain true ease, freedom, happiness, and happiness. Only by relying on the humanistic and scientific thoughts accumulated by humans are not enough. Human beings must emancipate their minds as soon as possible, break through the obstacles and fog in cognition and thinking, to discover and find and It reveals more deeper truths, truths, and truths, and take more scientific and pragmatic actions to eliminate mutual gaps and harm. Only in this way can human beings return to peace, thereby promoting the progress of human civilization.
Only the progress of human civilization can make human beings get closer to the end of human dreams -ease, freedom, happiness, happiness, and eternal life.
