The various ethnic patterns in the world today were all formed because of the great migration of humans that began 45,000 years ago, which triggered the differentiation of human groups. After the migrating humans settled and developed in various parts of the world, the human groups reintegrated.
According to archaeological research, before the great migration of humans, many places on the earth were uninhabited or very sparsely populated areas. At that time, humans mainly lived in southern China, Indochina, the Ice Age continent of Southeast Asia, the South Asian subcontinent, and central Africa. Ice age tropical and subtropical regions.
Before the great migration of mankind, the yellow race basically lived in the Ice Age continent of Southeast Asia, the southern continent of China, the southern peninsula of China, the South Asian subcontinent and other regions. They were engaged in natural economies such as gathering, fishing and hunting, and were also engaged in agriculture, animal husbandry, fishery and handicrafts. and other more advanced industries; the white people mainly live in the northwest region of the South Asian subcontinent, and they are mainly engaged in natural economies such as gathering and hunting; the brown people mainly live in relatively remote areas such as the Ice Age continent in Southeast Asia and the South Asian subcontinent, and they are mainly engaged in gathering and hunting. Live by fishing and hunting.
Due to the continuous warming of the earth's climate during the middle and late stages of the last glacial period, sea levels continued to rise, and the population was forced to move to higher land to live. Southern China and the Indochina Peninsula became the most densely populated areas in the world during this stage. Due to the population The dramatic increase led to food shortages, so the region first developed human agriculture, breeding, and animal husbandry to the highest level at that time. Archaeological evidence shows that the Lingnan region in southern China, namely Guangdong and Guangxi, and the Indo-China Peninsula region, including today’s Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, and the northeastern part of the South Asian subcontinent, experienced the middle and late stages of the last glacial period from 45,000 years ago to present day. Within 25,000 years, it was the most densely populated area on earth and the first area where humans developed agriculture, breeding and animal husbandry.
As global warming intensifies and sea levels continue to rise, more and more humans are gathering in southern China and the Indochina Peninsula. New food crises and social crises are erupting frequently again. When the global environment improves, more places become suitable for humans. After settling and living, modern humans began to migrate from southern China and Indochina to other parts of the world in order to gain more opportunities for survival and development.
In the struggle to obtain food from the sea, modern humans branched off from early sea peoples. According to the results of archaeological and linguistic research, marine peoples who relied on the sea for their livelihood first appeared in the Gulf of Thailand coast area surrounded by Peninsular Malaysia and Indochina, because archaeologists discovered the earliest harbor and dock buildings of mankind on the seabed offshore here; Linguists consider this region to be the purest Austronesian language, and it is the birthplace of Austronesian languages around the world. At the same time, scientists have determined that the round stone anchor used by ancient ships discovered by archaeologists on the Pacific coast of South America. The stone for this stone anchor was produced in Indochina and the southern coast of China. This also shows that the maritime peoples in this area were the first to have cross-oceanic capabilities. Navigation skills and abilities.
After early humans with the ability to sail and fish in the ocean gathered in coastal areas such as southern China and the Indochina Peninsula, they were forced to go fishing in farther seas due to the pressure of life. Therefore, they needed to make boats that could withstand wind and waves for a long time. This demand for strong and reliable ships that sailed on the sea led to the rapid development of early human shipbuilding technology. Due to the need for long voyages, seafaring people began to master the flight conditions of seabirds, celestial phenomena such as moon phases and star phases, as well as monsoons and ocean currents. navigation technology. The maritime economy is a complex system that not only involves professional technologies and skills such as shipbuilding, navigation, and fishing. At the same time, maritime peoples also need ports and land bases to provide them with fresh water, food, trade, and resettlement of families and ethnic groups. , so the maritime peoples must form a specialized social form with the land residents. The emergence of Austronesian language marks that the maritime peoples society has matured.
As sea levels continue to rise, the ocean area becomes wider. In order to obtain more marine resources, the earliest marine peoples of mankind set out from the coastal areas of southern China and Indochina Peninsula and migrated to the Pacific Islands, the southeastern coastal areas of China, and the Indian Ocean through navigation. The islands, the South Asian subcontinent, the coast of the Middle East, the coast of Africa and other regions, and even the west coast of the Americas, the Atlantic coast, the Mediterranean coast, the Arctic Ocean coast and other regions, due to the profound influence of the languages and cultures of the maritime peoples, these regions formed the Austronesian cultural circle. Since the early marine peoples belonged to the yellow race, the ancient marine peoples currently living in various parts of the world still retain obvious yellow features.
According to archaeological discoveries, the earliest agricultural areas of mankind appeared in the Lancang, Mekong, Zuoyoujiang and other river basin areas in China's Guangxi, Yunnan, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam and Myanmar. These areas formed the earliest farming people of mankind. About 40,000 to 30,000 years ago, they mastered a complete set of agricultural production technologies and were the first to grow crops such as rice, vegetables, and fruits. Food crops such as highland barley, millet, sorghum and wheat are grown in the transitional areas between the relatively cold and arid Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. They also domesticated elephants, buffalo, oxen, donkeys, pigs, sheep, rabbits, cats, dogs, chickens, ducks, geese and other livestock to meet their demand for meat food. Used as livestock and transportation, it has improved agricultural production efficiency and improved social logistics conditions. After human beings settled and developed here, they gradually formed the ancient Thai nation, which was mainly composed of yellow people and engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry. It also formed the ancient Thai language of Southeast Asia, the earliest mainland resident language of mankind.
Since the production methods of animal husbandry and agriculture are very different, after the development of animal husbandry technology, animal husbandry was separated from agriculture and developed independently. Therefore, the earliest nomadic people of mankind were born. After the nomadic people developed and grew, they first moved to sparsely populated areas. Migrant grazing in areas rich in water and grass. As the number of residents in agricultural areas continued to increase, farming people began to migrate and colonize sparsely populated rivers and swamp areas suitable for the development of agriculture and breeding.
The earliest human agriculture and animal husbandry developed in the Indochina Peninsula, such as the Lancang River, Mekong River, Zuoyoujiang River Basin, etc. After the development of agriculture and animal husbandry matured, due to the increase in the settled population here and the further improvement of the natural environment in undeveloped areas, in recent years Around 30,000 years ago, the farming people began to develop from their base areas to the west, developing agricultural and livestock areas in the South Asian subcontinent and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; to the east, they developed agricultural and livestock areas in southern China and south of the Yangtze River in China; and to the north, they developed the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. , Sichuan, Qinling and Songpan Plateau, Qinchuan area, Hexi Corridor, Yellow River Basin, Loess Plateau, Mongolian Plateau, Siberia, northern Europe, North America and other regions.
The Gutai people are the main body of the earliest farming people in mankind. The Guyue people are a new ethnic group that was separated from the ancient Tai people and merged with the maritime peoples, gathering and hunting peoples. The Guyue people first settled in western Guangxi, southeastern Yunnan and Vietnam. In the north, the Guyue people are the main force of the farming people migrating eastward and northward.
The Guyue people developed eastward along the Yongjiang and Yujiang rivers. They built a vast and wealthy agricultural and pastoral area in the Pearl River Basin of Guangdong today. The residents here gradually formed the Yangyue ethnic group. In the Guyue language, Yang ya
g and column la
Jinyin agrees. They all mean home. The earliest homes of the Guyue people were stilt-style buildings. There were no caves in the Pearl River Delta plain, so the Guyue people who arrived there could only build shacks and stilt houses to live in. This shows that it was about 30,000 years ago. Human beings have mastered the construction technology of stilted houses. They have mastered the mechanical principles of building house frames, and mastered basic carpentry and house construction technologies such as planning and design, precise measurement, shaping, and mortise and tenon joints; while those who stayed in Guangxi and other regions The Guyue people, because they worship birds (the Guyue people change "bird" to "luo"), so they are called the Luoyue people.
The Guyue people entered Hunan and the Dongting Lake basin area through the Xiangjiang River in northeastern Guangxi. After the Guyue people settled and developed here, they formed the Ouyue people (ou is a close pronunciation of "糇hou, Gou gou", among the Guyue people, "糇hou" , Gou gou" means rice, grain). The Ouyue people developed eastward. The Ouyue people who settled and developed in today's Anhui, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang are called Eastern Ouyue. The Ouyue people who settled and developed in Hunan, Hubei, and Jiangxi are called Western Ouyue.
Eventually, the Western Ouyue people developed into the relatively independent Hunan-Jiangxi Yue people in the Xiangjiang River Basin and Ganjiang River Basin south of the Yangtze River. The Hunan-Jiangxi Yue people were the predecessors of the Yandi people, and the Guyue people living in Hubei evolved into the Shennong people. After the development and differentiation of Eastern Ouyue, relatively independent ethnic groups such as the Wu, Yue, and Wen people were formed. The Wu people lived in today's Jiangsu and Anhui areas, and later they established the Wu State; the Yue people lived in today's Taihu Lake and Qiantang River in Zhejiang In the river basin area, they later established the Yue State and opposed the Wu State. The Wen people live in the Oujiang River Basin area centered on Wenzhou. The Wen people are a fusion of the Ancient Yue people and the maritime people. They can engage in agriculture, animal husbandry, marine fishing and marine transportation.
Today's Fujian and Chaoshan areas in Guangdong are a vast area where the ancient Yue people and the maritime peoples integrated and developed. Fujian was called Minyue in ancient times (in ancient Yue language, 闽mi
It means "leech", indicating that the climate in Fujian in ancient times was humid and hot, and there were many leeches and other pests).
Therefore, Shanghainese, Ningbo, Wenzhou, Hokkien, Chaoshan, etc. currently retain many ancient Vietnamese words and Austronesian words. These cultural relics are imprints and evidence of national integration. "River" may come from the Austronesian word "huohuo". In Austronesian language "huohuo" means fish or catching fish. The oceanic peoples called the flowing water that can fish "huohuo", which eventually became "he" in modern Chinese. The maritime peoples should have reached the estuaries of various rivers on the mainland earlier than ancient peoples such as the Guyue people. For the ocean peoples, it is very important for them to obtain freshwater resources and establish safe havens and settlements. The ocean peoples should have reached the estuaries of various rivers on the mainland earlier than ancient peoples such as the Guyue people, so they are the earliest residents of these areas. , they are the most qualified to call and name these rivers. "Jiangjia
"g" is also suspected to be the name of the maritime people. The Austronesian language calls large ships and sea ships "鱇ka"
g", so the sea peoples will be able to sail sea ships and rivers to become "鱱ka
g" or "江jia
g", and the bay that can berth ships is "port ga
g" means port, "port ga"
g" and "鱱ka
g" is pronounced the same in Austronesian.
The maritime peoples should have arrived at the estuaries of major rivers in mainland China earlier than the farming peoples, and fished and settled in these areas. After the Guyue people entered the southeastern coastal areas of China, they fully integrated with the maritime peoples here. Since the early Guyue people were still in the matrilineal clan society and engaged in agriculture, they were able to provide sufficient food and safe fresh water for the ocean peoples. Therefore, the ocean peoples were very important in food. , marriage and family issues are relatively perfectly solved. There is still a lot of ancient Thai-Vietnamese culture preserved in the Hokkien and Wu-speaking areas. Such as the place name Shantou sha
tou and the fairy tower of the Guyue people
Lou is a pronunciation of lou, which means fairy in the ancient Yue people.
It means women and the Virgin, and Loulou means us and ours, so Xianlouxia
lou means "the place of Our Lady"; the place name is Xiamen xiame
and yamen yame in ancient Vietnamese
A close pronunciation, in ancient Vietnamese, ya means woman, woman, me
It's heaven, so yamen yame
It means Goddess, and Xiamen is the "City of Goddess". These two place names are the survival of the ancient Yue female worship culture. Place name Wenzhou we
zhou, in ancient Vietnamese, we
Generally referring to people, zhou is a close pronunciation of zhao zhao. In ancient Vietnamese, zhao zhao means the area under its jurisdiction. This shows that in the early days of Wenzhou's founding, the people were relatively equal and there was no obvious social hierarchy. At present, many ancient Yue words are still retained in Hokkien and Wu dialects. For example, in Wu dialect, the second person pronoun you is Nong.
o
g, in ancient Yue language, brothers and sisters are called Nong
o
g, the compatriot brother and sister are Pi bi, Penong bi
o
g means brother or sister. In ancient times, people who mastered the language were nobles, so being called Pibi means boss and king. People who can be called Nong
o
The person g must be a member of the noble family with a distinguished status. Wu Yuzhong becomes your slave
o
g is a respectful name for people. In Chaozhou dialect, mother is called mimie; water is called lem (its pronunciation is close to the Cantonese pronunciation of lin); porridge is called em or moi; height is called mulberry sa.
g, short means dem, etc. These are all ancient Vietnamese words, and they are witnesses of the maritime peoples' direct absorption of Thai and Vietnamese culture.
The Guyue people living in western Guangxi and southeastern Yunnan migrated northward across the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. They developed plateau farming and pastoral areas in what is now the Panjiang River Basin in Guizhou. These later developed into the Yelang Kingdom ("Yeye" in the Guyue people). That is, "Yueyue" is the family name; "Langla"
g" is bamboo. It is said that the founder of Yelang Kingdom was born from bamboo, so this ancient Yue people worshiped bamboo. Yelang means Zhuyue people). In the modern Yelang Kingdom and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, the ancient Yue people are called "Buyi" Among the Guyue people, "Buyi buyi" means "Buy aunt buyi", aunt yi and Yi yi are the collective names for women. Therefore, Buyi means "female camp", "female tribe" and "Yi village" .
In the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, the Ancient Yue people merged with the Yao, Yi, Miao and other ancient gathering, fishing and hunting ethnic groups, forming the Yueba people with Yue culture as the main cultural body. Man means mountain man.
The Ba people built the ancient city of Chongqing on the south bank of the Yangtze River, at the intersection of the Yangtze River and the Wu River. The Ba people used this as a bridgehead to enter the Yangtze River, and entered various parts of Sichuan through the Jiangling River, Fujiang River, Tuojiang River and other tributaries of the Yangtze River system to develop agricultural and pastoral areas and settlements. After the Ancient Yue people merged with other local ethnic groups in Sichuan, they formed a new agricultural and pastoral ethnic group, the Shu people, and established the ancient Shu state.
About 30,000 years ago, after the Guyue people established themselves in Sichuan, they continued to migrate north. They crossed the Qinling Mountains and entered the Qinchuan Basin to develop agricultural and pastoral areas and settle down. They continued to develop farming and pastoral areas and settle in northern Shaanxi and the Hetao Plain to the north. Eventually they continued northward into the Mongolian Plateau, the Siberian steppes, and finally reached the North Pole, the cold seaside of the Arctic Ocean. Since the Arctic Circle is very small, it was very convenient for the ancients who arrived in the Arctic to enter the hinterland of Europe and enter North America through the Bering Strait land bridge. Perhaps the Arctic Ocean was still dry at that time and was just an endless ice sheet, so the ancients had to reach Europe. and America are not a problem. Therefore, the Guyue people became the earliest inhabitants of Siberia, Europe, America and other areas around the Arctic Circle.
At this time, another group of Guyue people entered the Songpan Plateau and the Hexi Corridor to develop agricultural and pastoral areas and settlements. This ancient Yue people became the ancestors of the Di and Qiang people. At the same time, the Guyue people continued to migrate westward through the valleys and grasslands at the northern foot of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Hexi Corridor, entering present-day Xinjiang to develop agricultural and pastoral areas, and then entered the Syr Darya and Amu Darya river basins in Central Asia to develop agricultural and pastoral areas.
The Guyue people integrated with various ethnic groups that had already settled here in Central Asia, forming today's ancient Altai ethnic groups such as the Hazaras, Kyrgyz, Tajiks, Turkmens, Uzbeks, and Kazakhs.
After the ancient Yue people stabilized in Central Asia, they continued to travel westward, integrated with various ethnic groups in Central Asia in the Mesopotamia region of the Middle East, and developed Sumerian agricultural and pastoral areas and urban civilization, thus laying the foundation for the progress of Middle Eastern civilization; at the same time, , the ancient Yue people entered the southern European grasslands and the Caucasus from the Central Plains to develop agricultural and pastoral areas. From then on, the European region got rid of the dark barbaric era and moved toward civilization.
The Gutai people, the earliest human farming and pastoral people living in the Lancang and Mekong river basins of Indochina, also have a westward migration route. The Gutai people who advanced to the west first established agricultural and pastoral areas and settlements in the Nu River, Salween River, Irrawaddy and other basin areas. Eventually, the Gutai people in this area developed into various ethnic groups in Myanmar and southwestern Yunnan; then they continued Moving westward, they developed agricultural and pastoral areas and settlements in the Brahmaputra, Maputra, middle and lower reaches of the Ganges and other river basins. Eventually, the Gutai people in this area developed into Tamils, Assamese, Nalanda people, Nepalese people, and All ethnic groups in Tibet, China.
Since the central and southern part of the South Asian subcontinent is the inherent territory of the brown-red race, while the northwest is the inherent territory of the white race, in order to avoid racial and cultural conflicts, the Gutai people stopped migrating and spreading civilization. Therefore, we can still see that currently the central and southern parts of the South Asian subcontinent are mainly inhabited by various races with darker skin, the northwest and the middle and upper reaches of the Ganges River are inhabited by various races with lighter skin, and the northeast and Tibet, China, are mainly inhabited by yellow race people. The ethnic groups in Southeast Asia and the South Asian subcontinent who speak Austronesian and live by the sea and make a living by the sea are all descendants of the ancient maritime peoples of Southeast Asia, such as Indonesians, Malays, Cambodians and southern Vietnamese.
About 20,000 years ago, after the Great Migration of humans basically ended, the distribution pattern of races and ethnic groups in Southeast Asia and the South Asian subcontinent has basically taken shape. Around 4300 years ago, when the Aryans invaded the South Asian subcontinent (actually the white people moved back to their homeland), the invaders did not fundamentally change the racial and ethnic structure of Southeast Asia and the South Asian subcontinent. The white people only strengthened their influence on South Asia. Rule and control over the northwestern region of the subcontinent.
The Middle East, the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea coastal areas, the Mediterranean coastal areas and other areas where Asia, Europe and Africa meet. This area is the area with the most complex composition and forms of human race, ethnicity and culture. In terms of race, yellow people, white people Races, reds and blacks are fully integrated here, giving the area the characteristics of a diverse race. Therefore, we can only classify ethnic groups according to the cultural characteristics of regional populations.
According to the study of linguistics in the region, the ancient languages in the region can basically be divided into ancient Central Asian languages, namely ancient Altaic languages. This language is a mixture of Vietnamese and ancient Aryan languages. Ancient Altaic languages are the races and ethnic groups in the Middle East. They often have features that favor yellow people, such as Central Asian immigrants to the Middle East, Kurds, ancient Sumerians, Armenians, Azerbaijanis, and Georgians in the Transcaucasus region.
The Middle Eastern peoples who belong to the Semitic language family include Jews, Arabs, North Africans, etc. Semitic language originated from the southern coastal areas of the Arabian Peninsula such as Yemen. It is one of the early ancient languages of mankind. In the process of civilization development, Semitic The language is deeply influenced by ancient languages such as Sumerian, ancient Egyptian, ancient Greek, and ancient Roman.
Peoples belonging to the ancient Mediterranean language family include the ancient Egyptians, ancient Greeks, ancient Romans, etc. At present, ancient Mediterranean languages still have a large number of residues in European languages such as Latin and Greek. Modern southern Europeans are direct descendants of the ancient Mediterranean peoples. History has proven that the ancestors of southern Europeans are marine peoples. Therefore, the oldest ancestors of southern Europeans were the yellow marine people who migrated from Southeast Asia to the Mediterranean.
The ethnic groups belonging to the ancient Aryan language family include the various ethnic groups of Pakistan, the various ethnic groups of Afghanistan, the various ethnic groups of Iran, the various ethnic groups of Iraq, the various ethnic groups of Syria and other ancient ethnic groups. At present, the languages of various European countries more or less retain elements of the ancient Aryan language, which shows that Aryan was the mother tongue of the white race in ancient times. According to the process of civilization development, Aryan language was deeply influenced by ancient Indian language, ancient Altai language, ancient Sumerian language, and ancient Mediterranean language.
Due to the continuous integration and differentiation of races, the concept and distinction of race have become increasingly blurred, and it has become difficult to use one standard and format to distinguish races. Therefore, when distinguishing ethnic groups, anthropologists also need to study the cultural characteristics of the ethnic group, such as language, customs, thoughts, religion, etc. Combining genetics and cultural characteristics will allow for better differentiation of races and ethnicities.
All in all, today's humans are descended from a very limited population of humans. About 45,000 years ago, before humans migrated from mainland Southeast Asia to other parts of the world during the Ice Age, vast areas such as Eurasia and the American continent were covered with ice and snow all year round. Most areas of the earth were extremely cold and dry, with no animals or plants. living conditions. Therefore, except for a small number of humans in the tropical and subtropical areas during the Ice Age, there were basically no humans in other areas. It can be seen from this that in the early days of the great migration of mankind, the areas along which humans migrated and where immigrants settled were basically uninhabited lands. Racial and ethnic integration, differentiation, and conflicts all appeared in the later stages of the Great Migration. Due to the increase in population and the relative reduction of natural resources, they are the basic root causes of human conflicts.
Historical facts have proved that modern mankind and its civilization come from a common root, but this does not mean that from now on, mankind will be of one mind, live in peace, and treat each other in friendship. One cultural root cannot guarantee the values, values, and values of all nations. The moral values and aesthetic values are the same, just like the students coming out of university are all different and different in the end. If we were to look for commonalities between human beings, we would find more than we can list. However, if someone wants to find the differences, differences, and distinctions between human beings, and to find the reasons why human beings oppose, hate, exclude, and attack each other, they will definitely be able to find many reasons and many reasons for committing crimes against humanity.
Today, human beings are no longer those apes that climb trees to steal wild fruits. Human beings have mastered many abilities and means to achieve and destroy the world. Therefore, all nations need to be cautious in their words and deeds, and should regard the survival of the nation as an urgent and important matter. To deal with it, otherwise, the destruction of the country and the destruction of the whole family will be just around the corner. At the same time, all ethnic groups should show sincerity, find common ground among mankind, and establish a civilized foundation of kindness, love, and win-win coexistence for all mankind. Only equality, mutual recognition, and respect can mankind move toward the future. Narrowness, prejudice, selfishness, arrogance, and arrogance And violence can only lead to the destruction of mankind!
