When discussing the topic of civilization, we often ask ourselves a question - what is civilization? I think everyone has given their own answer to this question, but everyone is not satisfied with their answer. Now, I will tell you my answer to this question. My goal in doing so is not to test how many readers agree or disagree with my answer. I just want to use these answers to better develop the narrative in this article.
I believe that civilization is a concrete expression of a person or a group of people's values, moral values and aesthetics, and is a general term for human rational thinking and behavior. In other words, humans live based on ideas, that is, rational thinking, and animals that live entirely based on animal nature and instinct cannot be called humans. The core of thought, that is, rational thinking, is human values, ethics and aesthetics.
Values are human beings’ views and emphasis on life values such as life, survival, safety, security, family, friendship, honor, freedom and spirit; moral values are human beings’ attitudes, behavior patterns and norms when pursuing and realizing the value of life. Simply put, In other words, what can be done? What can't be done? What things can you even think about? What can't you think about? All must be regulated; aesthetics is the human feeling and emotional expression of the value of life, such as beauty, ugliness, monotony, novelty, boredom, excitement, attachment, boredom and other life feelings and emotional catharsis.
Different values, morals and aesthetics have long produced different human civilizations. Now we have three typical human beings, namely good people, evil people and mortals, to illustrate this problem.
The general characteristic of a good person is that in terms of values, a good person attaches great importance to the pursuit of high-level life values such as family, friendship, honor, freedom and spirit, and has a very low opinion of personal life, survival, safety and security. However, he attaches great importance to the interests of others and the group. Basic life values such as life, survival, safety and security; in terms of morality, good people rarely consider personal food, clothing, safety and happiness, but they care very much about the food, clothing, safety and happiness of others and everyone. They are keen on public welfare and like to think The common welfare of all people; in terms of aesthetics, the aesthetics of natural and spiritual methods opposes the aesthetics of relying on material and rigid methods, emphasizing the pursuit of spiritual satisfaction rather than the pursuit of material satisfaction.
The general characteristic of evil people is that in terms of values, evil people attach great importance to personal life, survival, safety, and security. They have very little regard for life values such as family, friendship, honor, freedom, and spirit. They only have themselves in their thoughts. There are no other people or groups, they only live for themselves; in terms of morality, evil people only do things that are beneficial to themselves, and they can do anything as long as it is beneficial to themselves. In fact, the code of conduct of evil people is to be extremely selfish and seek gain by any means Self-interest ignores public interests and public rights; in terms of aesthetics, evil people pursue material luxury and wealth, pursue material and physical feelings, and do not hesitate to consume materials and wealth in order to satisfy personal aesthetics.
Mortal people's values, moral values and aesthetics are between good people and evil people. Mortal people admire the detachment, open-mindedness, benevolence and public welfare of good people. At the same time, they also envy the wolf habits of evil people. They have no taboos and are decisive in killing for personal interests. Mortal people are very interested in success. Material comforts for the wicked. Mortals are very envious of the wealth they possess, but mortals often lament their bad luck, or they think they cannot break through their inner moral bottom line. They think evil people have no moral bottom line. In fact, this is not the case. Evil people also have a moral bottom line, and their moral bottom line is that everything is for personal gain.
In the real world, there are no absolutely good people or absolutely evil people. We are all mortals, but some people are selfish and bad, some people are kind and good; some people are likeable, and some people are annoying; Some people are unknown. They are like air, indifferent to their existence or non-existence.
In fact, human civilization is also divided into good and evil, and civilization feels different to everyone. Because the core of civilization, that is, values, ethics, and aesthetics, are different, so the degree of good and evil in various civilizations is different, and the life obtained by each nation is different. The feeling is also different.
Therefore, people who possess the values, ethics and aesthetics of Eastern civilization are Easterners, and they have Eastern standards of good and evil, aesthetic standards and life experiences. People with Western values, morals and aesthetics, they are Westerners. They will unknowingly like chaotic killings, street fighting and disasters, and like the despicable behaviors of robbery, theft, deception and conspiracy.
Of course, many people think that Easterners live a very hypocritical and tiring life, while Westerners live a very real and relaxed life. According to these people's views, those jackals, tigers and leopards who are struggling in no man's land live the most real and refreshing life. Are those who envy evil willing to go to no man's land and live with jackals, tigers and leopards? The price of civilized life is that you must give up evil and extreme selfishness. Otherwise, you are not worthy of living in a civilized society. This principle should become the most basic moral bottom line and moral cultivation of civilized people.
The southern part of the East Asian continent, the Indochina Peninsula, the Southeast Asian Islands, and the South Asian subcontinent are the birthplaces of human civilization and the earliest and oldest home of modern humans. Because these areas are in tropical and subtropical areas, they have lush vegetation, a wide variety of animals and plants, and a pleasant climate, both during the ice age and the warm period, making them very suitable for long-term human settlement and development.
Abundant natural resources, a comfortable life, and mild competition can easily make people feel satisfied, which can lead to laziness, conservatism, and emptiness. During the Ice Age, Southeast Asia and the Asian subcontinent were the areas with the richest natural resources on earth. Therefore, after the great migration of humans to all parts of the world, the humans who stayed here to live and develop were still very populous. These left-behind humans were generally satisfied and conservative. and stability.
According to surveys conducted by anthropologists, many ancient peoples living in Southeast Asia and the South Asian subcontinent today still retain the way of life before the Great Migration of humans. Some of these ancient peoples still like to be naked, tattooed, and live in caves to gather and hunt. To make a living, they live a lifestyle of primitive matrilineal clan society such as group marriage, surrogate marriage, and polyandry. They live in simple shacks or caves. Some of these farmers and herdsmen still retain the ancient slash-and-burn farming method in agriculture. In terms of animal husbandry, they raise cattle, pigs, sheep, chickens, ducks and other livestock and poultry in pens. Farmers and herders often live in villages. There are many families in the village. Village affairs are managed by the village owner and village team. Each family is an independent production and living unit.
The ancient ethnic groups in Malaysia, Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar, Assam of India, Nepal, Tibet of China, Yunnan of China and other regions still retain the social system and lifestyle of matrilineal clans. These ethnic groups still advocate "women are superior to men" and women have tribal affiliations. and the family’s right to rule, divine power (defining God, communicating with God, interpreting God’s will, divination and judgment, fortune telling and medical treatment, disaster prevention and avoidance, etiquette and sacrifice, etc.), property inheritance rights (including tangible assets such as land, materials and money, and Production techniques and other secrets, cultural and religious classics and ideas, etc.), men are just appendages of women.
The older a civilization develops, the more likely it is that societies will become conservative and solidified in their thinking. Geographically, each ethnic group has formed a civilized society and country with its own national characteristics based on its own production methods and occupation of natural resources and territory. These countries are often bounded by mountains and rivers, blocking each other's communication. The various ethnic groups "do not interfere with each other's wells and rivers, and do not interact with each other until age and death." During the middle and late stages of the last glacial period, ancient Thai countries such as Siam were basically formed on the Indochina Peninsula. Luo (now Thailand, Laos, northern Vietnam), Shan Kingdom (now western Thailand), etc.; Khmer countries such as Champa (now southern Vietnam), Chenla (now Camboja, Cambodia), Pyu Kingdom (now central and western Myanmar), etc. In this ancient country, the main body of the Gutai people is a farming people, and the main body of the Khmer people is a maritime people. In the process of development, the Khmer people gradually integrated into the gathering peoples, farming peoples and nomadic peoples. These peoples inherited the early civilization of mankind. And developed human civilization with Southeast Asian characteristics.
The South Asian subcontinent is the region with the most complex racial composition of humans. According to anthropologists’ research, brown people mainly live in the southern and central areas of the South Asian subcontinent. They make a living by gathering, fishing and hunting; yellow people mainly live in the eastern and northern parts of the South Asian subcontinent. Agriculture and animal husbandry are developed in the Ganges River Basin; Caucasians mainly live in the northwest of the South Asian subcontinent and the Indus River Basin.
During the great human migration of the last Ice Age, the white people living in the South Asian subcontinent moved westward into Iran and the Arabian Peninsula and other regions, and northward into Central Asia, the Caucasus and Europe. They mainly made a living by gathering and hunting. .
When the time came for the Great Migration of the Last Ice Age, the farming peoples and nomadic peoples living in Indochina migrated westward to the northeastern part of the South Asian subcontinent, where they developed agricultural and livestock areas, and the local indigenous people merged into the Tamil nation, and the Tamil language was deeply loved. Influenced by ancient Thai, Tamil retains many ancient Thai vocabulary and cultural concepts. Later, in order to avoid conflicts with white people, the farming and pastoral peoples who arrived in the northeastern region of the South Asian subcontinent stopped traveling westward and went north into uninhabited areas such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to develop agriculture and animal husbandry, and then entered through the western foothills of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Pamir Plateau. In the Indus River Basin and the Middle East, the early agricultural civilization of the Indus River developed after the integration of local indigenous people.
Before the Aryans invaded the South Asian subcontinent, the South Asian subcontinent and Southeast Asia belonged to the same cultural circle, and they all followed the same model in terms of race, ethnicity, production methods, social forms, culture, and religion.
The Aryans are a predominantly white nomadic people formed in the Middle East and Southern Europe. They have blood and cultural origins with the Altai people in Central Asia. Perhaps they learned animal husbandry and nomadic techniques from the Altai people through intermarriage and labor services. As a result, they were able to smoothly switch from a livelihood mode of gathering and hunting to a mode of livestock and nomadic production.
Between 4300 and 4100 years ago, a severe ice age occurred on the earth. This Little Ice Age devastated the economy of the Aryans living in high latitudes. Therefore, people living in the Caucasus and Europe The Aryans of the region first retreated and invaded southward. After they occupied Central Asia and Iran, they invaded the South Asian subcontinent, which was rich in resources.
After the Aryans invaded the Ganges River Basin, war broke out between them and the farming peoples mainly Tamil and Gutai. Due to the brutality and massive consumption of the war, the moderate farmers and herdsmen quickly became war-weary. In order to avoid the edge of the Aryan war, the yellow farmers and herdsmen withdrew from the Indus River Basin and the upper and middle reaches of the Ganges. They retreated to the hometown of the ancient Thai people in Bangladesh, Assam, India, and Nepal, and some even returned to their homeland in Indochina.
When the ancient Thai farmers and herdsmen felt that they had no way to retreat, they began to resist the Aryan attack tenaciously in the northeastern region of the South Asian subcontinent. In the end, the Aryans felt that they could not defeat the ancient Thai people, so the Aryans withdrew from the area. The country was established in the upper reaches of the Ganges and the Punjab region, and peacefully blended with the Gutai people in the South Asian subcontinent.
After the Aryan invasion war, the ethnic distribution pattern of the South Asian subcontinent was basically formed. After years of baptism, this pattern formed the ethnic geographical pattern and social pattern of the South Asian subcontinent today.
Southeast Asia and the South Asian subcontinent are the only areas that retain the ancient human culture of the last Ice Age. Human civilization in this area has a development history of more than tens of thousands of years, so the culture in this area is mysterious and unpredictable. Before entering the South Asian subcontinent, the Aryans had little cultural accumulation. If they wanted to rule the people of the South Asian subcontinent, they had to borrow the ancient culture of Southeast Asia to establish their own cultural system. After the Aryans entered the South Asian subcontinent, they used the region's intellectual and religious elites to help them establish a culture and religion with Aryan culture as the core, which would facilitate their long-term rule over the people of the South Asian subcontinent. As a result, a set of mythological stories, religious classics, historical stories, etc. with Aryan culture and values as the core were created completely and systematically. Brahmanism gradually became the core of Indian thought, and the Brahmin social hierarchy began to become the behavioral norms and standards of Indians. moral standard.
In this cultural reform led by the Aryans, many Southeast Asian cultural connotations have become Brahman cultural connotations. For example, the worship of Shiva Shipo has become the exclusive god of Brahman. Shiva Shipo and Xibo are close pronunciations. Both are male genitals (specifically male genitals), fairy
It is the female root (specifically refers to the female genitals). In the cultural system of Southeast Asia and East Asia, Xibo or Xibo is a pair of gods representing yin and yang. In matrilineal societies, the Immortal Temple is the ancestral temple, Xibo Temple is the auxiliary temple, and Xibo Temple is the auxiliary temple. The responsibility of the god Bo is to please the gods and serve the gods. Angkor Wat is the Xibo Temple that has been preserved in ancient times. However, contemporary people do not know the origin of Angkor Wat and mistakenly believe that Angkor Wat was built by Indians. In ancient times, a group of Khitan people called themselves the Xibo tribe, which shows that there was a widespread worship of Xibo God, that is, worship of Shiva in ancient East Asia.
The Brahmin caste system was adapted from the ancient caste system in Southeast Asia and is explained as follows:
The first level "Brahmin", those who can become a Brahmin must be an Aryan, they are a natural priest class. In a matrilineal clan society, the priesthood has the power to appoint the supreme ruler of the clan and the country, and has the power to legislate and interpret laws. "Brahmin" originally means priest. In the ancient Vietnamese language, Brahman means, "Po" means elder, uncle, father, etc.; "Luo" means knower, knowledge, teacher and wise man; "Men" means heaven, god, etc.; Brahman means He is a "divine priest" or a "divine mentor."
The second level "Kshatriya" refers specifically to the local kings, tribal leaders, landowners, royal families, nobles, nobles, intellectuals and other classes who have surrendered to the Aryans. They are also called the "king race" and they are engaged in military affairs. , political figures, according to Brahmin scriptures, the main responsibility of Kshatriyas is to protect Brahmins from generation to generation. The Buddha Shakyamuni was born in the Kshatriya class, so the founder of Buddhism should be of the yellow race. In the ancient Vietnamese language, the meaning of Kshatriya is, "Kshasha" means knowledge, knowledge, wisdom, spiritual communication, oracle, etc.; "Edi" means land, direct lineage, etc.; "Li" means beauty and kindness. , obedience, etc.; Kshatriya means "obedient authentic master".
The third level "Vaishya" was originally translated as "Vaishya, Vaishya, Vaishya, Vaishya". Since the original pronunciations of these pronunciations are too different, "Vaishya" is newly translated as "Waiya". This class refers specifically to lay people. , Tian family, merchants. They are ordinary civilians engaged in agriculture, animal husbandry, handicrafts, commerce and other production undertakings. They are composed of local obedient people and ordinary Aryans. In the ancient Vietnamese language, the meaning of "waixia" is that "wai" is a close pronunciation of "wei", and "wei" means male, paternal lineage, father's clan, etc.; "xiaxia" is a close pronunciation of "ya ya". The pronunciation of "Yaya" means female, matrilineal, mother clan, etc.; "Waixia" means "male clan members of the mother clan" or "father clan derived from the mother clan", which means it is not subject to the matrilineal clan society, clan, Freemen subject to institutional and religious restrictions.
The fourth level of "Sudras". People of this level can only work as high-level servants and craftsmen who serve meals and cook. They are basically captives and people conquered by the Aryans. Most of them are reduced to Slaves, who lost their property and freedom, could only accept slavery, oppression and exploitation by their rulers. From ancient times to the present, this class of people has been the fundamental force of the Indian revolution. They have never given up their rights to freedom, equality and dignity. In the ancient Vietnamese language, "Shudra" means "Shou" means darkness, ignorance, stupidity, etc.; "Tuotou" means school, discipline and instructor; "Luo luo" means knowledge, knowledge, teacher "Sudra" means "a fool who needs the discipline of a spiritual master".
Brahmanical teachings and institutions have confirmed and legitimized the status of the Aryans as rulers in India. They have played a certain role in balancing the interests of all parties, eliminating wars, and stabilizing society, but they have also led to greater social crises. Originally, the system and theocratic power of the matrilineal clan society had seriously endangered human freedom, equality, and justice. After the emergence of the Brahmin system, most people in the region completely lost their freedom, equality, and justice, and their lives fell into greater pain and endless disasters. middle. Therefore, Indian society was destined to be a turbulent society full of pain, despair, conflict and war from the beginning.
It was not until 623 BC that a world-class great saint, Sakyamuni, was born in Kapilavastu Kingdom of Nepal (near Tirolakote in southern Nepal today). He was the prince of King Suddhodana of Kapilavastu Kingdom. The "Kshatriya" caste, he has a deep understanding of the suffering and pain of life, as well as social imprisonment, inequality and injustice. Therefore, he founded Buddhism based on local religions such as Shamanism and Jainism. Buddhism believes that the pain of life Emptiness and emptiness are caused by essential factors. To get rid of and eliminate the pain of life, people must practice moral practice, cut off human passions and pursuits, and return to the natural state of no desires and pursuits; emptiness and emptiness are everything in the world. Only by maintaining a pure mental state can life and soul be sublimated and immortalized. At the same time, Buddhism advocates the equality of all people and the equality of all things, and all things with souls in the world can become Buddhas; it implements strict rules and precepts, does good deeds to accumulate virtue, abandons evil and promotes good, and emphasizes moral concepts such as "good will be rewarded with good, and evil will end with evil." Comprehensively purify social atmosphere. Therefore, Buddhism received widespread support from the middle and lower classes of ancient India, and Buddhism became a vibrant force for reform in ancient Indian society. But at this time, ancient India had already experienced the long rule of Brahmins for about 1,600 years. From this, it can be seen that any awakening of human beings has to go through a long period of life suffering and ideological struggle!
Buddhism is called bojim/bogim in India. In ancient Vietnamese, bo means male elders and venerables; jim/gim means asking gods, praying to gods, divination, etc., which is equivalent to the meanings of "Zhen" and "True" in Chinese. The word "chastity" often appears in oracle bone inscriptions.
"The word "Zhen" in the divination text means "the divine master said" or "the divine master said"; therefore bojim means "the divine speaker". Early Buddhism called the practitioners of this religion "samanasame"
"," Samana same
” and “ shaman sama
"It's a very close pronunciation, it's a different pronunciation of the same word, and Buddha practiced morality with Mahavira, the leader of Jainism, and Jainism emphasizes that their religion originated from jim, that is, shamanism, because jim is the main secular behavior of shamanism. Therefore, , Shamanism is an important foundation of Buddhism. Because of this, after Buddhism was introduced to China and other Asian countries, it was not acclimatized and quickly integrated into the local culture and folk customs. "Shaman same
"In ancient Vietnamese, "shasa" means knowledge, knowledge, teacher, etc.; "men me"
"It means heaven, gods, etc.; therefore "the same as the Samana
” means “Heavenly Master” and “Divine Master”.
The most important and fundamental classic of Brahmanism and modern Hinduism, the Vedas, is the Veda, so this scripture is also translated as the Vedas, the Vedas, the Veda, etc. Maybe the Vedas had two names "Veda Vetuo" and "Veda Veda" from the beginning. Then the ancient Vietnamese translation of the "Vedas" means that ve means painting, writing, scriptures, classics, etc. Meaning; "dada" means river, smoothness, etc.; "Tuotuo" means school, mentor, priest, teaching, etc. Therefore, the two meanings of "Veda" are "the natural flowing scriptures" or "the scriptures taught by the priests". When the Aryans invaded India, they probably had not yet mastered writing and writing. The Vedas should have been created by local Indian Samana intellectuals who were proficient in the ancient Vietnamese language, based on the needs and narratives of the Aryans. Therefore, there are many ancient national languages and expressions of meaning in Southeast Asia and the South Asian subcontinent in the Vedas.
It can be seen that modern human beings not only have the same origin in race, but also have the same origin in language, culture, religion and customs. If anyone insists on looking at human history and culture from an isolated and narrow perspective, they are a frog in the well. , they will not be able to understand the history and civilization of mankind, let alone understand the past, present and future of mankind!
