In order to make it easier for readers to understand the following content of this book, it is necessary for us to first popularize some basic information and knowledge about matrilineal clan society. To grasp the laws and results of the evolution of things, we must grasp the internal mechanisms and influencing factors of things. Matriarchal society is the earliest social form that humans have experienced, and it is also the social form that has the most profound impact on human society. Therefore, in order to grasp the internal mechanism and motivation of the development of human civilization, we must master the basic organizational form and cultural connotation of matriarchal society.
After in-depth research, we found that those ancient ethnic groups that are descended from the ancient Yue people are the best cultural specimens for studying the social mechanisms and systems of matrilineal clans. Here we will include the Dai, Zhuang, Buyi and other ethnic groups in southern China who still retain the cultural customs of the ancient Tai and ancient Yue people, as well as the Di, Qiang, Xiongnu, Xianbei, and Khitan people who have appeared in Chinese historical records. , Turks and other ancient northern peoples, serve as cultural specimens for studying the earliest matrilineal clan society of mankind. Because the early human civilization spread to all parts of the world from these ancient peoples, only by understanding the social forms and civilization methods of these ancient peoples can we understand the true face and development trajectory of world civilization.
During the middle and late stages of the last Ice Age, Southeast Asia and southern China were the centers of human society and civilization. Before the Great Migration, at least 90% of the human population lived here. After the Great Migration, migratory humans brought human civilization to all parts of the world, and civilization phenomena around the world emerged. In the process of human migration, regions such as Southeast Asia and southern China still retain their original social and civilizational methods and continue to develop. Therefore, if we study the primitive society and civilization status of ancient peoples in Southeast Asia, Guangxi, and Yunnan, we can more accurately grasp The early social and civilized state of mankind.
Through research on the remaining forms and cultural connotations of primitive societies in Southeast Asia, China's Guangxi and Yunnan and other regions, we have drawn the following conclusions.
The basic value principle of matrilineal society is that only women have the property rights, adjudication rights and management rights of the family, clan and tribe. Men are just women's vassals and have no property or power.
Matrilineal family form: The family is the smallest social unit in a matrilineal society. There are often only parents such as the mother-in-law (commonly called Tai), grandmother (commonly called Yaya) and mother (commonly called Mimie). The property and power of the family are Family elders manage the family; there are fixed or irregular male elders in the family, usually called Pu Pu, Bo Bo, Su (Uncle) Su, and Ji Ji. These male elders may also be male elders from other matrilineal families.
Matrilineal family form: Matrilineal clan society generally implements consanguineous marriage in the form of cousins, and a strict caste management system, which means that anyone can only choose members of the caste for marriage, otherwise they will be expelled from the family and clan. Therefore, the early family was a large family with pure blood and caste composed of multiple families. The family's property and power are managed by a female patriarch elected by the family's matrilineal council of elders. Therefore, the world's earliest caste system appeared in Southeast Asia, not India.
Matriarchal tribe form: Generally, tribes are composed of families of the same caste. These families often settle down and live in the same area. The tribe is formed through consultation and alliance. The tribe is referred to as Meng me.
g. Meng is equivalent to the alliance in Chinese, and the country is called me in Thai.
g. The second person pronoun "you" in Zhuang is pronounced me
g. In the primitive era when the jungle prevailed, people who could talk and laugh face to face must be one of our own. In that era, our own people could only be "Benmeng people", otherwise they would be regarded as enemies. In Zhuang language, the third person is called "he" as an enemy. Di or die, he/she often refers to outsiders with unknown circumstances. In that era, outsiders with unknown circumstances were often enemies.
The matrilineal tribe is a closed and independent management system. It is managed by the Meng Central Presbyterian Council who elects alliance leaders. The alliance leaders form a cabinet and the highest government office to manage the alliance's land resources, defense and diplomacy, as well as the alliance's production, life, legislation and justice. Meng is divided into several sub-regional yamen for local management. The local yamen are called zhao. The main responsibility of zhao is to convene local leaders to meet to convey the instructions and orders of the leader and the Meng Ministry. They are responsible for the recruitment of troops, tax collection, and labor requisition in the area. They are also responsible for local affairs. Justice and social administration.
Early matrilineal tribes implemented separate management of men and women, established male-camped villages and female-camped villages, and divided labor between men and women. Generally, women were responsible for mountain forest collection, pottery making, wine making, and agricultural work, while men were responsible for tool manufacturing, weapon manufacturing, hunting, and fishing. , build houses, build roads, perform military service, perform labor service, marry into the girl's family as uncle, be sent to the girl's village as a man, and lead subordinates to make a living and develop independently outside Mongolia.
In tribal societies, there are also occupations that specialize in education, religion, business, etc. The people who engage in these occupations are free men and women of the tribe. Generally, foreigners cannot get involved in these industries.
Of course, if there is a shortage of manpower for jobs with poor working conditions and environment, foreigners or slaves can be used to do them. According to our investigation, shortly after the separation of the Guyue and Guyue peoples, the Guyutai society first entered a slavery society. This is the conclusion we drew from a set of language comparisons between Thai and Zhuang.
The Zhuang language calls "hand" Feng fe
g, "foot" is called ka/ga; the official Thai language calls "hand" me, and "foot" tao. The names for hands and feet in rural Thailand are the same as those in Zhuang language. Why does this happen? Because in Thai, slaves are called kaka, which means porters and coolies; assistants and adjutants are called fe.
g. Therefore, in order to avoid misunderstandings during communication, Thai can only rename the hands and feet. However, the ancient Yue people, the ancestors of the Zhuang people, like to do things by themselves. They do not want slaves and assistants, so they have retained the ancient names of the hands and feet to this day.
In the long historical evolution, tribes gradually developed into countries in the strict sense. However, human civilization can only arise in societies where humans settle and develop, such as relatively wealthy villages, cities, and countries with large populations, which can eventually produce large populations and establish The ethnic groups in society must be those farming ethnic groups who have mastered agriculture and animal husbandry technology and can produce enough food.
The Guyue people are the earliest people in mankind to systematically master agricultural and animal husbandry technology, while the Di people are a farming people who developed after the Guyue people immigrated to the Songpan Plateau. Therefore, the study of the Di culture is very important.
An ancient note by Yan Shi in "Hanshu Geography": "Di is the name of the barbarian species, and the place where Di lives is called Di Dao"; Di Dao is located in today's Jiuzhaigou, Pingwu, and Songpan (Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province) , the first activity range of the Di people was in northwest Sichuan, originating from the Songpan Plateau of Sichuan. The Di people call themselves "Yuzhi", and "Di" is what other people call them.
According to the historical records of Chinese dynasties, the Di people are a farming nation. Their living habits, production methods, language, customs and culture are the same as those of the ancient Yue people. Since the Di people’s residence is connected to the country of Cuba, historians also call them They are called "Badi".
"盍之hezhi" is an Ancient Yue word. The corresponding Ancient Yue word "盍之hezhi" is "河Chihechi". In the Ancient Yue language, "河he" refers to the throat of animals, and "Chichi" refers to oxen, so "Hechihechi" The original meaning is the throat of cattle, and the extended meaning is "throat fortress". At the same time, cattle carts are the earliest means of transportation and military equipment for mankind, so cattle are especially worshiped and loved by the ancients.
At present, there is also a place named "Hechi" in northern Guangxi where the Zhuang people, direct descendants of the Guyue people, live; in the hometown of the Di people, there is an ancient post station with the place name "Hechi" in Ginkgo Village, Ginkgo Tree Town, Hui County, southern Gansu Province. These places named after "hechi" are transportation bottlenecks blocked by mountains and rivers, and they are also chokepoints with military defense value. The Di people call themselves "Yuzhi", which means that the Di people are the ancient Yue soldiers and civilians sent to the area by the ancient Shu or Cuban countries to garrison the military fortress. The Di people are both the border guards and the reclamation regiment. The Di people have developed a splendid and brilliant business here. Plateau alpine agriculture and breeding industry. The ancient road from Huixian to Lueyang in southern Gansu is the only way from Tianshui and other important towns in the Hexi Corridor to Sichuan. It is also the source of the Jialing River. Therefore, the Di people's control here also controls the transportation artery from the Hexi Corridor area into Sichuan.
Archeology of the ancient tombs of the Di people revealed that the Di people used the primitive shamanistic "curly burial method", that is, the bodies were wrapped in straw mats and curled up like a fetus. The burial objects included highland barley, wheat, barley, pigs, sheep, wine and other foods, as well as pottery. , stoneware and other daily necessities. The burial methods and burial objects in various tombs are basically the same, and there is no distinction between high and low. This shows that Diren society is a fairly equal commune-style society.
During the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317 AD to 420 AD), the Di people still completely preserved the production methods, lifestyles and cultural customs of the Guyue people. Among the farming peoples in the north, they are the first people in the north to implement the division of labor and the working method of "men farm and women weave". At the same time, the Di people have stipulated that men have the obligation to work for their own people and engage in animal husbandry, territorial expansion, defense, Combat, diplomacy, trade and other affairs, make full use of the labor force, liberate men, and improve their status. In a social environment where men and women are equal, the economy, population, and civilization of the Di people have been well developed. Not only do they have warehouses full of food, and herds of cattle and sheep , and they assimilated the nomadic and hunting peoples living in their surrounding areas. The Di people not only taught these ethnic groups agricultural and animal husbandry techniques, but also taught these ethnic groups textile, pottery, carpentry, metallurgy, house building and other techniques. At the same time, he taught his own inventions such as wheelbarrows, ox carts, and portable housing tents, Obo and other manufacturing techniques to other nomadic peoples.
g or gait
g is the name for a single layer of fabric. The Di people also call the fabric a stretcher.
g; Aao means "coat" in Chinese; "AO ao" in Vietnamese "AOdai" means flannel or thick cotton felt, and AAOdai refers to women's dresses in Vietnam. The Guyue people are the main body of the Vietnamese nation, so Aao, a thick felt cloth that is windproof and warm, is one of the materials provided by the Di people to the northern nomads.
The use of these travel and nomadic equipment has greatly improved the survival and work efficiency of the nomads, while also improving the Di's status among the nomads and their ability to expand their territory and establish colonies and agricultural and pastoral areas.
Subsequently, the Di people united with the Qiang people to enter the Hexi Corridor area, the Mongolian grassland, the Greater Khingan Mountains, etc., forming the Xiongnu people who later profoundly affected the Central Plains [in ancient Vietnamese, Xiong xio
g is bear xio
g means strong and brave; slave
u and Nong of the Guyue people
o
g is a homophonic sound, Nong means younger brother in the ancient Yue language, and bi (corresponding to the Chinese characters are bi, bi, bi, pi, etc.) or bei (corresponding to the Chinese characters bei, generation, humble, etc.) means elder brother, eldest brother, king, monarch, etc. ;And Benonbei
o
g means brother or sister in ancient Yue language], Xianbei people [Xian xia
It’s Xianxia
, indicating that the Xianbei people are direct descendants of the Immortal Clan. Beibei means eldest brother or boss. The overall meaning of Xianbei is "the boss from the Immortal Clan". This is a very honorable and domineering ethnic title. The Xianbei people live in the Mongolian grasslands and the Siberian grasslands, so the nomads also call the Siberian grasslands the Xianbei grassland. The development of agricultural and pastoral areas in the Amu Darya Oasis area in Central Asia has laid the foundation for these areas to quickly move towards civilization.
The Hezhen people who still live in the Wusuli River Basin in Northeast China today have very similar cultural customs to the Di people. The major difference is that the Di people engage in farming while the Hezhen people engage in fishing and hunting. There is only a slight difference in pronunciation between the self-pronounciation of the Di people as "盍Chihezhi" and "Hezhehezhe". Another name for the Hezhe people is that people living along the Songhua River above Datun in Fujin City call themselves "Nabei" (in ancient Vietnamese, Nabei).
a means field or place, and bei means eldest brother, boss, or king, so Nabei means "king of a place"); people living in Jinkou Village, Gardangzhijie, Fujian City today call themselves "Nanai" "; People living from Jiejinkou Village in Tongjiang City to the coast of the Wusuli River call themselves "Naniao". The "na" in these three titles all means "local" and "local", and "nai", "bei" and "niao" all mean people. The nicknames of "Hezhe" include "Hezhen", "Heijin", "Heijin", "Heijin", "Heizhe", "Hejin", "Hejin", etc., "Jinji"
, true
, Jinji
"It all comes from the ancient Yue people's name for gold, metal, swords and weapons."
The pronunciation of "te" is very similar. In the ancient Yue and Di tribes, "special Qin" is a kind of foreign official position. "Special te" refers to a boy or a male animal. Qin qi
(The corresponding Chinese characters are Qin, Qin, Qin, Qin, Qin, Qin, etc.) "Special Service" can be literally translated as "General with Saber". Generally, Special Service is held by the son of the tribal leader and is responsible for finding colonies outside tribes, colonies and countries. , handle relations, affairs, trade and conflicts with foreign nations. "That
"a" means farmland and land among the Guyue people. The Hezhe people believe in shamanism and adopt secondary burials. These are also the customs of the Guyue people and the Di people. The Hezhe people have been fierce and martial since ancient times and have never succumbed to foreign rule. Cultural phenomenon shows that the Hezhe people have a very close relationship with the ancient Yue and Di people. It means that the Hezhe people and the Di people live relatively close to each other. Therefore, the Hezhe people and the Di people may be of the same race. Maybe the Hezhe people were settled in China. The leaders of the Di ethnic group in Shanxi and Hebei sent a guerrilla and land reclamation military and civilian force to the northeastern region to expand their territory. Eventually, these Di ethnic groups integrated with the local people and settled there, making a living by fishing and hunting.
Today, the Hezhe people are mainly distributed in the Sanjiang Plain and the remnants of the Wanda Mountains formed by the confluence of the Heilongjiang, Songhua, and Wusuli rivers. They live concentratedly in three villages and two villages, namely, Hezhe Township, Jiejinkou, Tongjiang City, Bascha Hezhe Township, and Shuangyashan Sipai Hezhe Township in Raohe County, Aoqi Hezhe Village in Aoqi Town, Jiamusi City, and Zaoji Hezhe Village in Zaoji Town, Fuyuan County. At present, ethnic groups related to the Hezhen still live in the Lake Baikal region, Heilongjiang region, Sakhalin Island and other Siberian territories in Russia. They and the Manchus all belong to the Tungusic language family.
According to archaeological evidence, 15,000 years ago, starting from Southeast Asia, modern Homo sapiens such as gathering peoples, hunting peoples, maritime peoples, farming peoples and nomadic peoples have completed their development and evolution in 30,000 years. Migration, immigration, settlement and development in Eurasia, the African continent, islands in the Pacific, and the American continent.
Modern human civilization has developed on this basis. In the previous chapters, we have described the basic living conditions and cultural conditions of human migration. In order to better understand the development and evolution processes and laws of human civilization, now we will analyze the basic structure and structure of matrilineal clan society. Mode of operation.
The family is the foundation of society, and the content and form of the family determine the structure and operation of society.
In ancient times, humans, like other animals, had no real family, only small, loose foraging groups maintained by emotions such as maternal love and gratitude. Of course, only after humans' ability to obtain food increased, and food surpluses and reserves emerged, the earliest property of humans, did humans have close-knit, dependent families with mothers as the main body.
According to historical documents, archaeological evidence, and anthropologists’ survey results of indigenous peoples in Southeast Asia, Australia, the Pacific Islands, Africa, and the Americas, human beings have experienced a very long and complicated development process in marriage and family. Here we cannot To comprehensively list these evidence and research results, we can only make relevant statements based on the needs of this article.
The overall characteristics of a matriarchal society are that women are the heads of families and clans. Women have the right to inherit and control family and clan property, and have the right to make decisions and manage family and clan affairs. Men are only family affiliates. Leaders work for the survival and development of families and clans.
In terms of marriage, matriarchal society has gone through stages such as group marriage, polyandry, male marriage, and polyandry. Children in families in the group marriage era only knew their mothers but not their fathers. Therefore, many ancient saints and emperors were described as their Mothers are "conceived by gods and born because of gods", or simply they are the products of their divine creation.
Polyandrous families are the product of the development of family and clan wealth to a certain extent. The female head or patriarch chooses the men she likes as her relatively fixed partners, but these male partners can only enjoy the support of the family and do not have any rights. The woman You can dissolve your marriage with the man at will, but the man has no right to dissolve the marriage.
As the clan population increases, in order to effectively control the population, the clan elders can only separate the men and women of the clan and divide them into women's camps (in ancient Vietnamese, the women's camp is called: buyi buyi, buyi buyi. Bu is a certain Bu means a certain department or a certain type; Yiyi is the general term for women.) and the male camp (in ancient Vietnamese, the male camp becomes: busai. Bubu means a certain department or a certain type; Sai is the general term for men) .
In order to meet the emotional needs and the need to reproduce offspring, women's camps generally have langlans for male members to live in. Among the Guyue people, langla
g refers specifically to male animals specially used for breeding, and la
Refers to a house or a shack. Lang is a profession in a matrilineal clan society. The management department of the women's camp recruits men according to the needs of the camp. The men are responsible for breeding and enjoying the women's camp members, and the women's camp is responsible for supporting the men. Therefore, Lang is a very good profession in a matriarchal society.
After the centralized rule of matrilineal clan society disappeared, the women's camps were automatically dissolved and scattered into families dominated by women. Women control the family's property and inheritance rights, and control all the rights of the family, but the status and role of the husband is still similar to that of "lang" .
At present, in areas where there are still remnants of the matrilineal clan social system, such as Thailand, Myanmar, Nepal, Tibet, etc., the families there are still dominated by women. Women hold the financial power of the family and are responsible for family management and labor. In a family, there can be several husbands. The role of the husband is to look after the home, care for the home, and take care of the children. He does not participate in the management and labor of the family. He has no right to distribute or dispose of family property. The wife can contact the marriage relationship at any time as an incompetent husband. The wife does not need to give Husband any compensation. Therefore, the earliest husbands in the family are all Langs. After the society entered the patriarchal clan society, men gained the dominant position in society. Men were called husbands in the family, and "lang" became a joking and derogatory name for men. From the idiom "idle and idle", we can see that people living in a patriarchal society People’s cognition and attitude towards “lang” in clan society. Of course, some foreigners who don't have a deep understanding of Chinese culture still call themselves a certain Taro or a Cowherd, but they don't have the slightest sense of shame.
Polygyny in a matrilineal clan is multiple women with independent citizenship rights (they are usually sisters of the same clan). In order to reduce the cost of family living and reproduce offspring, they marry one man at the same time. This type of marriage is quite common in matriarchal societies.
Through in-depth research, we learned that in a matriarchal society, the highest authority of the clan is a parliament composed of female elders of the clan. The speaker becomes the emperor (in the ancient Vietnamese language, di means good and wise). The clan council determines the management method of the clan. , manages the clan's food, health, education, etiquette, religion, etc. Therefore, the members and speaker of the assembly are called shaman, priest and other priestly titles to the outside world.
The clan council under the control of the emperor elected those with both ability and political integrity as chief ministers among the women of the clan, and established their own cabinet and court to manage the clan's population, production, distribution, life and development.
A large clan has supreme power and is called a monarch named 嬖bi, 妣bi or PIbi (in ancient times, the restoration of the old system was called "restoration", PI means monarch in Chinese). At the same time, there is a cabinet that coordinates the monarch's relationship with the family and clan. and the imperial court.
Based on our research on ancient Chinese historical documents, we found that in the matrilineal monarchy, that is, in the imperial court, the following management system existed.
Pi is generally a healthy and energetic young woman who owns the harem, cabinet and court.
There are multiple male partners in the harem. Generally, these male partners are called Gong, Hou, Bo, Zhong, Shu, Ji, Zi, Nan, Shi, etc. These famous male partners also hold official positions in the cabinet and help Established and managed the cabinet and court.
Gong (in ancient Vietnamese, "gong" means sky, sky, big, old, etc.) is equivalent to the prime minister of the cabinet, assisting in appointing the general manager of the court;
Hou (in ancient Vietnamese, "Hou" refers to rice and grain, and can be extended to property) is equivalent to the cabinet's financial personnel, helping to develop and manage the clan's granary, property, land, taxes, etc.;
Bo ("Bo" means father in the Guyue people, and is extended to godfather, master and teacher) is equivalent to the cabinet minister, helping to develop and manage the clan's education and production technology;
Shu ("Uncle" in the ancient Yue people means to restrain and bind, and by extension means law enforcement) is equivalent to the chief judge of the cabinet, assisting in the management of legislation, justice and law enforcement for the court and tribes;
Ji ("Ji" in ancient Vietnamese refers to the buds of plants, which is extended to sowing and agriculture) is equivalent to the cabinet secretary of agriculture, helping to develop and manage the agricultural production of the race;
Zi ("zi" in ancient Vietnamese means words and books) is equivalent to the cabinet secretary, assisting in the management of court documents and archives, drafting and reviewing court documents and orders, etc.;
Male ("male" in ancient Vietnamese means soil or land) is equivalent to the cabinet defense minister, helping to manage and defend the clan's land resources.
Scholars ("scholar" in the ancient Vietnamese language means "literary" or "scholar") are preparatory personnel for the imperial court and the government. Scholars must come from a noble family. After completing official studies, they can be recommended by the government before they can become officials.
Various departments and official positions were established in the imperial court to manage the harem and clans. The establishment of imperial departments should be similar to the division of labor of the cabinet, and the chiefs of the imperial departments should be served by the corresponding cabinet chiefs.
Imperial officials have:
Qing (equivalent to the Prime Minister of the imperial court, directly managed by "Gong". "Qing qi"
g" and "heart xi" in ancient Vietnamese
Or "xim" is homophonic. The ancients believed that the heart is the organ of thinking, so in ancient Yue language qi
g、xi
Or xim means thinker, wise person, strategist, etc.), husband (the head of the imperial department, directly managed by the corresponding cabinet chief. "Husband" and "father" are related, and should be the male elder of Pi);
Du (in Ancient Yue, du means "see", which is extended to supervision. The official position of "supervision" can be set up in all imperial departments), Si (in Ancient Yue, Sisi means things or affairs, which is extended to supervision). work, official business, etc.);
Zhao (In ancient Vietnamese, zhao means speaking in front of a crowd, and means reading out. The imperial court and yamen set up several zhao, who are responsible for announcing the instructions and orders of the court and yamen to the court officials.)
Shi (Shi shi is homophonic with She she. In ancient Yue language, Shi she means ox. Oxen and ox carts were the earliest and most commonly used means of transportation in ancient times. Shi specifically refers to court officials who ride oxen to go out to do things.)
Order (order li
g means to hold something tightly with the hand in the ancient Vietnamese language, and the order is the official who delivers the order to the imperial court);
Wei ("Wei" is the same as "Wei", originally refers to the guard or guard captain of the harem and court, the commander of the Imperial Guard and the Central Army);
Ban (in ancient Vietnamese, Ban ba
(meaning village), the village is the smallest administrative unit of clan society management, so the ban is the lowest-level official in the court and government. The person on duty is responsible for managing the daily affairs of a village and responsible for the military training of the warriors of the ban.
Wu (in ancient Vietnamese, Wu means attack or fight, which is equivalent to Wu in Chinese). Wu is a fighting team composed of several fellow countrymen. They participate in military training together in peacetime, fight together in war, and live together. Die together.
When matriarchal society developed to its peak, hedonism was also prevalent, so various entertainment activities were often held in the court and clan.
The Department of Xixi was established for the imperial harem. This department sang and danced for the elders of the clan council to please these female monarchs. The staff of these departments should be young and handsome men. Their performances were called "Xixi" and they performed The event is called "xixi". In modern Chinese, happy events generally refer to marriage. In ancient Vietnamese, xi generally refers to male genitals. This must be an insult to Xiren by people who knew the inside story at that time. However, the bad meanings of xi have been completely erased from human memory.
In addition to the fact that the elders of the clan council and the members of the female camp of the clan are all relatives of the same clan, and they must have desires for men, the royal guards of the imperial court are responsible for the security work. They are also responsible for dispatching men to the female camp, and The imperial guards were organized to hold entertainment activities with various female camps. Therefore, in ancient Yue language, wei is the name for male genitals. Perhaps the common people at that time also insulted people called Wei or Wei in this way. It was the era of reproductive worship, and people in this regard No shame.
During the heyday of matrilineal society, due to population expansion, social pressure and crises brought about by the separation of men and women could no longer be reduced. Therefore, outward expansion and immigration were called the essential needs of tribal development.
Therefore, the expansion and immigration method of setting up expeditionary reclamation regiments with military functions, with men as the main body, came into being. After tens of thousands of years of development and evolution, this method was fixed. We discovered this management system and its relationship with Chinese civilization and world civilization in the management systems of the tribes and armies of the ancient Yue, Di, and nomadic tribes such as the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Turks, and Khitans.
Khan, Yehu, She, and Teqin are the four highest-ranking rulers of nomadic tribes, colonies, and countries in northern China. These official names are closely related to each other from ancient times.
"Khan" can be pronounced gua
Sound, gua
In the ancient Vietnamese language, it has the meaning of "guan", "manager" and "official", so khan is equivalent to the general supervisor and governor, and is the supreme ruler of tribes, colonies and countries;
"Yehu" is pronounced as yao, and yao (corresponding Chinese characters are Yao, Yao, Yao, etc.) means overlooking in the ancient Vietnamese language, which is extended to surveillance. The Khan's subordinates can set up several Yehu, which is equivalent to colonial and colonial Heads of national administrative regions;
"She" means ox in the ancient Yue language. It is an official who leaves the court on an ox or an ox cart to go out on business. It specifically refers to the inspectors and supervisors who go to tribes, colonies and other parts of the country. This is also the word "she" in the imperial court. Envoy.
In the ancient Vietnamese language, the word "Te" in "Teqin" refers to a boy or a male animal, and Qinqi
(The corresponding Chinese characters are Qin, Qin, Qin, Qin, Qin, Qin, etc.) In ancient Yue language, it means gold, metal, etc., and is extended to knives, swords and weapons. "Secret service" can be literally translated as "saber general". Generally, the special service is held by the son of a Khan or Pi. He is responsible for finding colonies outside tribes, colonies and countries, and handling relations, affairs, trade and conflicts with foreign nations.
These matrilineal societies' highest governing bodies, the management methods and bureaucratic systems of the imperial court and reclamation tribes gradually evolved into the highest governing bodies of later societies, as well as the management methods and bureaucratic systems of the imperial courts.
This bureaucracy that managed society and the military soon affected Eastern society, and also profoundly affected Central Asia, the Middle East, and the entire Western world. In the subsequent discussion of this article, we will refer to the knowledge in this chapter to analyze the culture and customs of various ethnic groups.
Before and after the Great Migration of humans, humans already had a very systematic, complete and hierarchical social mechanism and system of matrilineal clans. During the process of human migration, in order to adapt to the new environment and new conditions, humans continued to improve and improve social mechanisms and systems.
Generally speaking, the characteristics of the early matrilineal society are: femininity is supremacy, women are superior to men, clan relations are based on direct female blood relationships, and the clan is divided into direct lineage and common people lineage. Only female elders or clan priests, that is, aristocratic women recommended by the clan elders, can serve as the supreme ruler and concubine of the clan.
In terms of tribal management, clan kings set up harems to manage family and noble affairs; they set up imperial courts to manage clan affairs, defense and diplomacy.
In terms of social management, in order to effectively control the population and efficiently carry out major clan affairs such as life, production, defense and diplomacy, the clan sets up men's camps (men's department) and women's camps (women's department). The camps are generally in the form of villages and castles. exist. Generally, after children are basically sensible, that is, at most 6 to 7 years old, boys have to leave the family to study, live and work in the boys' camp; girls also have to leave the family to study, live and work in the girls' camp. The learning content, lifestyle and working methods in the battalion are jointly formulated and regulated by various departments of the imperial court.
Only by grasping the overall characteristics and civilized spirit of early human matrilineal clan society can we better and more accurately understand the way ancient people thought and behave, as well as the development process of ancient society and civilization.
