The scientific community generally agrees that 45,000 years ago, the earth in the last ice age began to warm and sea levels began to rise. Humans who lived in the ice age continents of Asia and Southeast Asia began to migrate from here to all parts of the world.
Readers may want to ask here, what kind of civilization was humankind before the Great Migration? Based on the archaeological evidence and anthropological research results we currently have, we can only roughly infer the status and level of human civilization before and during the Great Migration. certainly. We can also infer the necessary material and spiritual conditions of mankind from the status and results of the completion of the Great Migration, and thus the state of human civilization before and during the Great Migration. The state of civilization includes human life skills and material foundation, as well as the development of human customs, religion, language, writing, thought and culture.
45,000 years ago, when the earth's sea level began to rise, the land bridge between Australia and Southeast Asia was submerged, causing the Australian red indigenous people to separate from the main human race. From then on, the European indigenous people maintained their life and civilization 45,000 years ago. , developed until 1606 AD, when they were discovered by Spanish navigator Torres.
After the discovery of the Australian Aboriginals, archaeologists and anthropologists conducted anthropological and archaeological research on the Australian Aboriginals and Australia. These research results basically reflect the life and civilization of humans 45,000 years ago.
Anthropological and archaeological research on Aboriginal Australians and Australia by archaeologists and anthropologists shows:
Life skills and status: Australian indigenous peoples have mastered the skills of gathering, fishing and hunting to obtain food; they have mastered the skills of making choppers, javelins, "flying arrows", bows and arrows made of stone, bone, wood and other materials for hunting. Tools, master the use of fire, be able to bake food, be able to make simple pottery for daily use, be able to build residential shacks that can shelter from wind and rain using bamboo, animal bones, thatch, animal skins and other materials, and be able to use animal skins Use knitted fabrics to make aprons and warm clothing.
Social status: When the Spanish navigator Torres discovered the European indigenous people, they looked similar to black Africans. He just thought that their skin color was lighter than that of Africans and brownish-red, so they were called brown-red people. Or the Red People. At that time, the Australian aboriginal population was about 300,000. They had established villages and tribes, and they belonged to more than 500 tribes. Each tribe set up tribal leaders and tribal officials to manage the tribes in accordance with the matrilineal clan society. The transaction is running normally.
Cultural customs: Australia's indigenous peoples have the custom of burning bonfires to celebrate, sing, dance, and offer sacrifices. They have customs such as tattoos, hair cutting, adventurous tests, and cutting various parts of the body with shells; there is also an adult circumcision ceremony.
According to archaeological discoveries, the ancient Australian aborigines left many writing relics on the cliffs. These writings are graphic writings with realistic lines. They are very similar to the hieroglyphs found in Egyptian monuments. This shows that 45,000 years ago, humans had entered into writing. era, hieroglyphics based on realistic drawings were already in use.
In terms of funerals, Australian aborigines mainly use the "curled burial" method, curling the corpse with the knees pressed against the chin, like a baby in amniotic fluid, and then placing the corpse into a round hole-shaped grave with the deceased's face facing the center of the totem. , east or west, bury the tomb with earth and leave a small hole for the ghost of the deceased to enter and exit. This kind of funeral method originates from the religious thought of hoping that the deceased will be reborn or enter the Western Paradise. These funeral methods are completely consistent with the funeral methods of early shamanism.
Religious status: Australian Aboriginals believe that all things are animistic. The world is divided into three realms. The upper realm is heaven. Heaven is the residence of gods. Gods are immortal, omnipotent and omniscient. Gods have the same needs as humans and have good and evil natures. , as well as emotions such as joy, anger, sorrow, and joy, as well as the ability to reward and punish life and death; the middle realm is the home of human beings and all things. All things have spirits, and human beings have the highest spirituality and wisdom. God uses self-evident laws. The laws of harmony govern human beings and all things, and grant favors and punishments according to the performance of thoughts and behaviors. Therefore, human beings must worship and respect those things that are beneficial to themselves, and stay away from and abandon food that is harmful to them; the lower realm is the underworld, and the underworld is everything. The residence of the soul. After death and annihilation of human beings and all things, their souls will enter the underworld. There are three ways out for souls entering the underworld. The first way out is to be reborn as a human, animal or some kind of object; the second way out is to enter the Western Paradise. The third kind is that the soul wanders endlessly in the dark, musty, dirty and corrupt world of the underworld. These religious thoughts are the religious thoughts of shamanism, which shows that the doctrines and religious rituals of shamanism had developed to a very complete level 45,000 years ago. At the same time, ancient peoples all over the world have the custom of believing in shamanism. 45,000 years ago, shamanism, or Salmanism, was the only religion believed by all mankind.
Judging from the situation of human beings mastering shamanism, 45,000 years ago, human beings have been able to face life and death calmly, overcome the fear of death, and have a transcendent mental state and spiritual strength that regards death as life. Faith gives humans a new understanding of nature. Because humans believe that everything has animism, humans quickly discovered the essence and natural laws of everything, thereby improving humans' ability to utilize and transform nature. Of course, faith also purifies the human mind and spiritual world, and instills in mankind the philosophical and moral outlook on cause and effect that "evil will be rewarded with evil, and good will end well." Religious thoughts provide powerful spiritual motivation and courage for human beings to overcome difficulties and obstacles and pursue the meaning of life such as safety, health, happiness and freedom!
In terms of mastering true knowledge and truth:
Understanding of mathematics: Human beings have mastered the basic concepts and basic algorithms of mathematics, mastered the basic methods of establishing mathematical models, and mastered the functional relationships and deduction theorems of various classical mathematical models;
Understanding of natural laws: master basic astronomical observation methods and astronomical knowledge, have mastered the changing laws of the earth's climate environment, and can calculate and measure the year, season, month, day, hour, etc. quite accurately, and standardize them and guide human behavior.
Understanding of the law of cause and effect: Master the universal law of cause and effect in nature. Everything is the result of the action of "cause". "Cause" is equivalent to the seeds of plants, embryos and eggs of animals, and "cause" is the result of the convergence of yin and yang. The origin of Yin and Yang is Tai Chi. The law of cause and effect is a natural law and truth discovered by humans from the reproduction and growth of animals and plants. After the law of cause and effect was discovered and perfected, it gradually became an unbreakable ideological foundation for human beings. It became the ideological foundation for human development of agriculture and animal husbandry. It also It has become the theoretical basis for humans to establish prediction and social relations.
Understanding of cyclical laws: Master the universal cyclical laws in nature, such as the cyclical alternation of spring, summer, autumn and winter in climate; the growth and withering process of plants; the growth and decline process of humans and animals; and the inevitable process of establishment and destruction of ordinary things. The law of circulation is the ideological basis for humans to explore and predict the changing processes and results of things. It is also the theoretical basis for humans to establish cyclic balance systems and cyclic perpetual motion systems.
Understanding of science: Human beings have mastered the basic properties of grass, wood, stone, bone, leather, velvet and other materials, mastered the technology of manufacturing production tools and daily necessities; mastered the use of fire, mastered kiln technology, Mastered the techniques of cooking food, making pottery and metallurgy; mastered the basic principles of mechanics, and mastered basic operations such as throwing, chopping, prying, carrying, building, and stabilizing; the basic idea of the theory of material elements began to sprout, and in college Before migration, humans had generally believed that any substance was composed of extremely small elements. Primitive religion believed that these elements had the qualities of earth, water, fire, and wind; Chinese Yin-Yang theory believed that these elements were gold, wood, water, fire, and earth. etc. Quantum properties.
Of course, the periodic table of elements later invented in the West clarified the elemental issues of matter, but the foundation of human scientific thought was laid 45,000 years ago.
In 45,000 years ago, since the Australian aboriginal peoples separated from the main human race, they have maintained their original life and civilization. Therefore, we can infer that the humans living in the Ice Age continent of Southeast Asia at that time generally had the production skills, life skills and skills of the Australian aboriginal peoples. degree of civilization.
In the middle and late last century, archaeologists discovered round stone anchors on the coast of Chile in South America, and discovered human stone tools and other relics in Brazil. According to scientific determination, these relics date back to 32,000 years ago. This shows that At this time, humans have the ability to travel across oceans. They have mastered the construction of ships that can withstand the impact of waves and cope with bad weather at sea. They have also mastered the laws of ocean currents and monsoons, as well as navigation technologies such as bird navigation and star navigation. Otherwise, they would not have been able to sail across the ocean. Across the Pacific to South America. This shows that 32,000 years ago, humans had mastered the ability and equipment to sail across the ocean. At that time, the marine peoples who lived in the coastal areas of the New World in Southeast Asia during the last glacial period began to immigrate to oceanic islands and coastal areas such as the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Judging from the fact that the maritime peoples in these areas all use Southeast Asian Austronesian, Austronesian and other mankind's oldest world lingua franca have developed to a very complete and mature state.
Archaeologists and scientists have discovered that the earliest time humans entered North America through the Bering Strait was 27,000 years ago. When Europeans rediscovered humans in the Americas at the end of the 15th century, they had already entered the age of agriculture and animal husbandry and created the splendid Maya. civilization.
According to anthropological research on the Native American inhabitants by anthropologists and archaeologists, as well as archaeological research on historical sites across the Americas, the Native Americans are of the yellow race. They have fishing and hunting skills, the ability to grow crops, and domesticate alpacas, goats, They were able to skillfully use fire, cook food, make wine from agave and other plant fruits and roots, make pottery, and smelt gold, copper and other metals. They were able to use herbs and other medicinal materials to treat various diseases rather than being simple witch doctors; they were able to build stone and wood houses, as well as complex and grand stone temples and pyramids. They were able to create very beautiful and complex hieroglyphs, as well as hieroglyphs made of abstract lines similar to Chinese oracle bone inscriptions. They can accurately calculate astronomical data such as the year, month, and day of the earth and other celestial bodies. They can calculate very complex irrational constant values such as pi and trigonometric functions very accurately. They were able to carve realistic and realistic portraits of warriors and other figures.
In terms of religion, Native Americans believe in primitive shamanism, generally worship snakes, and like to use living people and animals as sacrifices.
According to research by anthropologists and archaeologists, Native Americans are ancient agricultural and pastoral people who migrated to the Americas from the Indochina Peninsula of Asia and southwestern China. The Native American civilization shows that 27,000 years ago, the agricultural and pastoral peoples in southern China, Indochina and other southeastern Asian regions were in the era of comprehensive agriculture and animal husbandry, and had the ability to expedition, immigrate, colonize and settle around the world. At the same time, , possessing the general level of civilization of the Native Americans. Therefore, the civilization of the Native Americans was brought by the ancient Southeast Asian farming and pastoral peoples or maritime peoples who migrated to the Americas.
According to the results of ancient climatology research, after the earth warmed, many rivers, lakes and swamps were formed around the world. These areas rich in water and grass are very suitable for human development of agriculture, animal husbandry and settlement. Due to the continuous improvement of the earth's environment, between 45,000 years ago and 27,000 years ago, the ancient agricultural and pastoral people who originally settled in southeastern Asia completed the exploration of the East Asian continent, Siberia, Central Asia, the Middle East and Europe and other Eurasian regions first immigrated and settled. These new immigrants developed the earliest local agriculture and animal husbandry, and developed the earliest local human settlements, villages and cities.
In this chapter we cannot fully and deeply reflect the state and development of human civilization before and during the Great Migration, but based on the above analysis and inference, we can draw the following conclusions:
The Southeast Asian continent during the Ice Age was the starting point for this great human migration. The main body of human migration was the yellow race. They are the oldest marine people and agricultural and pastoral people in mankind. In order to complete navigation and land migration, they must master superb philosophical thoughts and mathematical skills before migration. They basically mastered astronomical star knowledge, geographical position knowledge, climate and calendar knowledge, geography and ocean conditions survey and surveying knowledge, and had the ability to formulate Migration planning and the ability to organize a move. At the same time, they have manufacturing technology for production and daily life tools and supplies, shipbuilding technology, navigation technology, agricultural technology, animal husbandry technology, etc.
In terms of basic scientific knowledge, humans at that time already had scattered basic knowledge in mathematics, physics, chemistry, materials science, astronomy, medicine, etc. At the same time, a fairly complete language and writing system has been established, a social division of labor and a management system have been formed, and family rules, ethnic rules and laws have become the behavioral standards for individuals and groups.
In terms of civilization construction, mankind has established the earliest religion, shamanism, and established a complete religious ceremony and sacrificial system. Humanity has also entered the early stage of development in artistic creation such as poetry, singing, music, dance, and painting.
Although the super flood formed by the fusion of permanent ice caps submerged the homes and precious living resources of ancient humans, the Great Migration greatly inspired the fighting spirit and creativity of all mankind, and greatly expanded the space for human survival and development! If it were not for the ancient maritime peoples and agricultural and pastoral peoples of Southeast Asia who migrated to all parts of the world and spread the ancient human science and technology, tools and supplies manufacturing technology, agricultural technology, animal husbandry technology, settlement technology and social management system and other civilization fires to all parts of the world, perhaps the world would be better. There is still desolation and darkness everywhere. Human beings who live such a difficult life will definitely have no better living conditions than the Australian aborigines. They must still live a primitive way of life 45,000 years ago, confused, frightened, and trembling in the face of the ruthless and cold nature. , despair, numbness, and finally death!
In the following chapters, we continue to explore in depth the development process of human race and civilization.
