The current population of the earth has exceeded 8 billion, and there are many races with obvious genetic differences, such as blacks, browns, yellows and whites.
With such a huge human population and various races with obvious differences, people can't help but wonder and ask themselves: Does human beings come from one ancestral source or multiple ancestral sources?
The current research results of biogenetics have solved this problem relatively perfectly. In order to reveal the origin of humankind, scientists analyzed and compared the genetic profiles of blacks, browns, yellows, and whites. They concluded that the genetic difference between human races is only 0.1%. , because of this, there is no reproductive barrier between races, and there are no obvious differences between races in terms of physiological structures and functions, as well as consciousness, thinking, and intelligence. The main differences between human races are differences in skin color, height, bone structure, body hair and body odor. Scientists have shown that these gene fragments that cause racial differences are relatively unstable and mutated gene fragments. Human viruses and diseases , reproduction, food, living habits, as well as environmental factors such as climate, water quality, soil samples, radiation, etc. can cause these genes to mutate.
Therefore, from a genetic point of view, various human species are most likely to originate from the same maternal genome and the same paternal genome, because only homologous species have such a high degree of genetic similarity.
In addition to the four major human races mentioned above, there have been other human races on the earth. According to archaeological evidence, the fossils and activity relics of a mysterious early Homo sapiens group were found in the Denisovan Canyon cave in Siberia. About 200,000 to 50,000 years ago, they were close relatives of Homo sapiens, the Neanderthals, who were widely distributed in Europe at the same time.
In a cave in the Neanderthal Mountains in Germany, archaeologists discovered fossils and activity remains of ancient Homo sapiens. This group of ancient Homo sapiens was named Neanderthals. Perhaps they were close relatives of the ancestors of modern Europeans, who dominated Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa from 120,000 years ago, but disappeared completely by 24,000 years ago.
Denisovans, Neanderthals and other ancient Homo sapiens, that is, modern Homo sapiens, may be closely related. However, scientists are not yet clear about the reasons for the disappearance of these two ancient human races. Perhaps they are completely related to modern Homo sapiens in Europe through intermarriage. integrated; it is also possible that they were wiped out by modern Homo sapiens who migrated to Europe, and it is very likely that ancient Homo sapiens were wiped out by modern Homo sapiens. Human aesthetics attaches great importance to appearance and appearance, and human wisdom will be consistent with its own appearance. People with abnormal appearance are considered the same kind. Human beings can only live in peace with the same kind. In the eyes of modern Homo sapiens, there is no difference between ancient Homo sapiens and gorillas and apes. Ancient Homo sapiens are just some fluffy, dirty and weird people. They are ordinary animals that are ugly and dull, so it is normal for them to be squeezed out and eliminated by modern Homo sapiens. Of course, in the brutal killings, perhaps modern Homo sapiens adopted some women and children of ancient Homo sapiens out of compassion and curiosity, and the genes of these adoptees were integrated into the genes of modern Homo sapiens.
Today's archaeologists and scientists who study human genes believe that Homo sapiens are the ancestors of modern humans. 250,000 years ago, early Homo sapiens originated in the East African Rift Valley region of the African continent. Later, early Homo sapiens gradually left Africa and entered Asia, Europe and America.
Although the conclusions and evidence of biogenetics are very strong and credible, there are still many social elites who still do not agree with these conclusions of genetics. Therefore, there are still two theories on the formation of human races, one is one origin. theory, and the other is the multi-source theory.
The theory of monogenesis holds that multiple races of human beings evolved from a single race. Perhaps the first humans were all black. Due to the effects of environmental radiation, viruses, diseases, reproduction, living habits, living environment and other factors, human beings have different skin color, Physical and genetic changes occurred, resulting in the creation of white, yellow and red races.
Polygenesis theory believes that human beings originated from multiple sources. At the same time, due to different living areas and communication barriers, each race has been developing independently for a long time. After a long period of environmental and lifestyle influences, it eventually formed black people, red people, There are multiple races including white and yellow races. The problem with polygenesis is that human beings originated from multiple sources. Why are the genetic similarities between human races so high? Why do the physical and mental abilities of human races remain similar?
Therefore, the scientific community currently agrees with the theory of single origin of human origin, while the theory of multiple origins is increasingly disbelieved. At the same time, the theory of single origin is very consistent with the principles, theories and engineering techniques of modern genetics. Perhaps human beings are indeed the products of the laboratories of highly intelligent biological scientists who fully master biotechnology.
In short, no matter which theory we agree with, we must pursue the truth, maintain an inclusive and open attitude, and do not impose our own views and standards on others. Maintaining diversity of ideas is the basis for building human civilization. Ancient and modern sages have said: " "Everything is a coincidence, everything is possible." The inevitable things may not necessarily happen, and accidental things may happen again. The laws and operating rules of everything are always hidden in places that are difficult for humans to reach.
According to archeology and the current reality of human race, it is generally believed that in ancient times, white people lived in the northwest of the South Asian subcontinent, the Pamir Plateau and the Indus River Basin, the Middle East, the Caucasus, the Southern European Plains and the entire European continent; the yellow race People live in the Far East of Asia, mainland China, Indochina, the northeastern region of the South Asian subcontinent, the Indonesian archipelago, the entire Pacific island region, the American continent, etc.; the red race mainly lives in the southern region of the South Asian subcontinent, the Indonesian archipelago, Australia and other regions; the black race Mainly lives on the African continent.
In ancient times, white people mainly lived in colder high-latitude areas. They made a living by hunting and fighting large animals in alpine areas. They used thick fur as clothing, shoes and hats, and lived in caves or developed underground caves by themselves. This lifestyle makes them tall, strong, hairy and fair-skinned.
The yellow race people mainly live in warmer and humid low latitude areas. They make a living by gathering, fishing and hunting. They rely on rivers and oceans as their basis of life. In the early days of the development of human civilization, they lived in caves in the Far East, mainland China and Southeast Asia. Then they lived in simple shacks built of wood and thatch. This way of life made the yellow people light-bodied and gentle, diligent in thinking and working. Due to long-term immersion in sea water and fresh water, the hair of the yellow people degenerated more seriously. This results in their skin being very smooth.
Red people mainly live in inland areas or remote areas in tropical and subtropical areas. They make a living by gathering and hunting. They live in caves or in simple shacks built by themselves. Therefore, they have small stature, smooth skin, gentle temperament, leisurely temperament, and like to be comfortable.
Black people mainly live on the African continent. They make a living by gathering, fishing and hunting. Since the African continent is single-racial and there is no inter-racial competition, and Africa is rich in natural resources, during the period when the population is low, The life of black people is relatively comfortable and leisurely. To this day, many Africans still maintain their primitive living conditions and an optimistic attitude towards life that depends on nature for food and nourishment by nature.
The soil and water support the people, and the natural environment determines people's lifestyles and livelihoods, resulting in different customs and cultures of different races. Skin color is not always the main cause of differences and estrangements among human beings. The main cause of conflicts that lead to human differentiation is the customs, culture and ideas of various races. Therefore, in order to eliminate the barriers and conflicts between races and ethnic groups, we must start with culture and ideas and establish as soon as possible a worldview, values, and outlook on life that are universally recognized by all mankind.
In ancient times, because humans were very dependent on natural resources, humans in various regions had to migrate to areas with rich food resources according to seasonal and climate changes to ensure a long-term and stable supply of food and maintain the survival and reproduction of the race.
In terms of migration, perhaps humans are not as capable as birds and beasts in perceiving the geographical environment. Modern scientific research shows that some animals and birds have the ability to sense the earth's magnetic field. At the same time, they have full sensory memory such as vision, smell, and touch of the environment they have experienced. Therefore, , the migration routes and migration seasons of these animals and birds are very precise. Although modern Homo sapiens do not know the superb abilities of these birds and beasts, the ancients knew that they could go wherever the birds and beasts could go. The simple understanding of the ancients made the birds and beasts become guides for human life and migration. As long as humans carefully observe the birds and beasts By knowing the migration routes and seasons, the ancients were able to make their own life and migration plans.
Human beings acquired knowledge in the early days by observing all things in nature. Of course, human beings accumulated more and more experience and knowledge, and they began to grasp the factors, mechanisms, laws and regulations of the operation and change of things. Understanding the essence of things is the basis of human wisdom. .
Once the door of human wisdom is opened, the vision, breadth, depth, and authenticity of human observation and analysis of things will be revolutionaryly improved, thereby enabling human beings to think more and more, as well as their ability to transform nature and create new things. Strong improvement.
Of course, after human values have been systematically established, human beings regard their own survival and development as top priority. In order to solve the problems of survival and development, human beings must continuously enrich and improve their understanding of the world, and master more principles and natural laws.
In ancient times, food was the primary factor restricting human survival and development. In the process of occupying natural resources, obtaining food, and establishing the safety and security of ethnic groups and societies, human beings gained rich experience, knowledge, and principles. These thoughts with profound insights, And the brave and unyielding fighting spirit of mankind has enabled mankind to stand out in the cruel biological struggle, become the leader at the top of the earth's food chain, become a creature rich in knowledge, wisdom and creativity, and become the ruler of this world!
Anthropological research shows that the more difficult, harsh and scarce the natural environment and resources are, the more they can stimulate human survival ability, creativity and wisdom.
In the early development of the human race, environmental factors and human fighting spirit determined the way and height of the development of human civilization. Only races that master advanced manufacturing technology and productivity, and obtain sufficient and stable food resources, can they develop among races. The first to stand out in the cruel struggle and become the leader of human civilization, so that all mankind can share the fruits of civilization.
In the following chapters, we will comprehensively discuss and display in stages and projects the thrilling and evocative history of human struggle during the last ice age, as well as the development process of human civilization.
